【英语】历年全国高考英语情态动词试题汇总及答案

【英语】历年全国高考英语情态动词试题汇总及答案
【英语】历年全国高考英语情态动词试题汇总及答案

【英语】历年全国高考英语情态动词试题汇总及答案

一、单项选择情态动词

1.What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better.

A.need have done B.must have done

C.can have done D.might have done

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。句意:真遗憾啊!考虑到他的能力和经验,他也许可以做得更好。can have done较少使用此结构,表示对过去行为的怀疑;用于疑问句时意为“难道

真的做了吗”,表示怀疑;need have done需要做某事,实际上却未做(表示虚拟语气);must have done一定做了某事(表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测);might have done表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。故D正确。【点睛】

本题是高考必考考点,一定要牢记句型意思。must have done过去肯定做了某事。should have done本应该做而实际未做。can’t hav e done过去不可能做了某事;shouldn’t have done 本不应该做而实际做了。need have done本有必要做某事而没做;needn’t have done本没有必要做某事;注意没有mustn’t have done的形式。

2.--- Oh, my God! I just missed the last bus back home.

--- That’s really bad. I’m sure you ______ it, but you just didn’t hurry up.

A.had caught B.could have caught C.could catch D.can catch

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词+have done结构。句意:——哦,我的上帝!我刚好错过了回家的末班车。——这是非常糟糕的。我肯定你能赶上,但你就是不抓紧。could have done“本来能做而没有做”。故选B。

3.Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he ________ go out and buy something, usually something large and useless.

A.should B.could

C.would D.might

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:安说无论什么时候她父亲不高兴的时候,他就会出去买些东西,通常是一些又大又没用的东西。A. should应该;B. could能;C. would总是,愿意;D. might 可能。此处表示过去经常习惯做某事,故选C。

4.The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm.

A.should have avoided B.should be avoided

C.could have avoided D.could have been avoided

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查“情态动词+完成式”。句意:如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静,这起导致15人死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。could have done“本来能做而没有做”,且句子主语The accident和谓语动词avoid之间是被动关系,结合句意可知答案为D。

【点睛】

情态动词+ have done结构:

1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句。如:It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.

2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱。如:He can't have finished the work so soon.

3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could。如:They may not have known it beforehand.

4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余。如:I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.

5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些。如:You ought to / should have studied harder. 你本应该更努力学习的.(但没有)

He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that. 他本来就不该做那件事.(可是做了)

6.“would + have +过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。如:

I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.

Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.

5.One of our rules is that every student _______ wear school uniform while at school. A.might B.could

C.shall D.will

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意:我们其中一条规则要求每个学生在校期间都要穿校服。shall可

以表示“命令,警告,强制要求;允诺;法律,规定要做……”,结合句意可知C正确。

6.It wasn’t right to me that such near neighbors not know one another.

A.could B.would

C.should D.might

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:对我来说,很不正常,如此近的邻居居然不认识。A. could可能,能够;B. would将;C. should竟然;D. might可能,也许。should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的,常常译为"竟会"、"居然",住的这么近的邻居居然不认识。表示意外,所以答案选C。

【点睛】

should的用法

1、should 作为情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,译作“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互换使用.例如:You should (= ought to ) tell your mother about it at once.

2、should 作为情态动词,可以用在条件状语从句中,表示语气较强的假设,译作“万一”、“竟然”,这时也可将 should 置于从句之首,即将 should 放在主语前面,而省略从属连词 if。例如:If you should fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. (= Should you fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. )

3、should 作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为“可……”、“倒……”。例如:I should say that it would be better to try it again.

4、should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的.尤其在以 why, who, how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”。例如:How should I know it ? 我怎么会知道这件事?

5、should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,通常译为“可能”、“总该……吧”,相当于 be expected to 。例如:They should be home by now, I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧。

6、should 作为情态动词,用在由 so that, for fear that, lest 引导的目的状语从句和 in case (that)引导的条件状语从句中,有“能够”、“可能”、“会”之意。例如:They got up early so that they should (= could/ might) catch the first bus in time.

7、should 作为情态动词,可以用于下列虚拟语气句中:

(1)用在表示与将来事实相反的条件状语从句中,构成“ If …… should (do sth)……, …… would/ could/ might (do sth.)…… ”句式。

(2) 用在 suggest (propose), arrange, plan, decide, advise, order, demand, request, desire, insist 等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“决定”、“安排”、“计划”、“主张”的动词后面接的宾语从句中。这里的 should 也可以省略。

本句中should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的,

常常译为"竟会"、"居然",住的这么近的邻居居然不认识。表示意外,所以答案选C。

7.would可以表达过去常常做的事,过去习惯发生的动作:

Pirates would bury gold in a cave. 海盗们常常把黄金藏在山洞中。

We would take a walk along the river. 我们过去常常沿河散步。

3. would后接like、love、mind等动词,表示要求、邀请、希望或询问,此时不是说过去,而是对现在的询问:

Would you like to come to my party? 你愿意来我的派对吗?

Would you mind coming with us? 你介意和我们一起吗?

比如本题,would 表示婉转的请求,征求对方的意见,故选A。

8.—________ the woman with the baby come over? We have a seat here.

—Thank you, sir. Actually I do have my seat here. But my baby likes to look out of the window. A.Would B.Shall

C.Must D.May

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:——那位抱小孩的女士,要不来这边吧?这儿有个座位。——谢谢,实际上我有座位的,只是我的孩子喜欢看窗外。would表示婉转的请求,征求对方的意见,Shall提问一般只用于第一人称,我们常说Shall I.或者 Shall we;may表示请求对方允许。故选A。

【点睛】

would的用法

1.would 最常见的用法是:相对于一个过去时间点的后来“将要”做什么,比如:He said he would meet me at the station. 他说他会在车站接我的。这句中的 would meet 是相对于 said (过去说)之后要做的事情。又如:She thought she would have to ask someone for help. 她当时想,她得找个人帮忙。

9.—What happened to the young trees we planted last week?

—The trees ________ well, but I didn’t water them.

A.might grow B.needn’t hav e grown

C.would have grown D.would grow

【答案】C

【解析】

考查虚拟语气。——我们上周种的小树怎么了?——这些小树本来会长得很好,但是我们没有给它们浇水。根据语境可知,此处是对过去的事实进行假设,故本题选C。

10.It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.

A.may B.can C.must D.should

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词表猜测的用法。句意:一定是汤姆把车停在这儿的,因为他是唯一有车的人。A. may可能;B. can可能;C. must一定;D. should应该。由as he is the only one with a car.可知一定是他把车停在这里的,非常有把握的肯定推测,故选C。

11.---Can I pay the bill by credit card?

---Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ______________ be made in cash.

A.shall B.need

C.will D.must

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词词义辨析。A. shall用于法律法规或条文中,表示义务、规定等;B. need需要;C. will会;D. must必须。句意:——我能用信用卡支付么?——对不起,先生,现金支付是我们酒店的管理规定。故A项正确。

12.The weather turned out to be fine. I _____________ the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.

A.should have taken B.must have taken

C.couldn't have taken D.needn't have taken

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词 + have done。句意:天气转晴了。我本不必费心把伞带在身边。A. should have taken本应该做某事,而实际上没做; B. must have taken对过去发生的事情的肯定猜测;C. couldn't have taken不可能;D. needn't have taken本来不需要,故选D。

13.No driving after drinking is a rule that every driver ____________ obey in our country. A.will B.shall

C.may D.can

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:考察情态动词。A. 将要 B.将要 C.可能D.可以。Will 表示请求、建议、意志、愿望和决心。Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对话的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。May表示请求和允许;用于祈使句表示决心;表示推测、可能性。Can表示能力;请求和

允许。句意:酒后驾车是每一位驾车者在我们国家应当遵守的规则。故选B。

考点:考察情态动词

14.—It’s already 11 o’clock , and he ______ have been here half an hour ago.

—Maybe he got caught in the rain.

A.must B.ought to

C.may D.can

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:已经11点了,他半小时前就该到了。A. must have done必定做了…(表示对过去的推测);B. ought to have done 本应该做的;C. may have done可能已经做过某事;D. can have done本来可以做的(但没有做),根据题意,故选B。

15.—You rang me up at about 10:00 last night, didn't you?

—No, I didn't phone you. It someone else.

A.must have been B.could be C.must be D.could have been 【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词+have done。句意:“昨晚10点左右你给我打了电话,是吗?”“不,我没给你打电话。一定是别人干的。” must have done 是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”,结合语境可知,我没有打电话给你,因此猜测一定有别人给你打了电话。故选A 项。

16.According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one _____ generate, release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.

A.can B.shall C.will D.may

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:根据最新发行的关于网络视频服务的规章,任何人都不可以使用此类技术生成、发行或者传播虚假消息。A. can 能够,有时会;B. shall 一三人称表示征求对方意见;二三人称陈述句,表示允诺、威胁、恐吓或法律条文的规定。C. will 意愿;D.

may 也许,可能。根据前面的regulation(规定)可知,本题选shall更加合理。故选B。

17.We ________ take clean drinking water for granted. One day we may run out of it. A.needn't B.can't

C.won't D.shouldn't

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:我们不应该把拥有洁净的饮用水看作是理所当然的。也许有一天,我们会用完它。shouldn't“不应该”,符合句意。needn't不必;can't不可能;won't将不。故选D。

18.AI will surely be a feature of future life, but it _____ be used responsibly and in a proper way. A.can B.need C.must D.will

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:人工智能肯定会成为未来生活的一个特征,但必须以负责任的方式和适当的方式使用它。A. can能够;B. need需要;C. must必须;D. will将会。此处为情态动词的一般用法,结合句意表示“必须”,故选C。

19.You _____ be right but I’m going back to check anyway.

A.should B.must C.need D.might

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:你或许是对的,但我还是要回去核对一下。A. should应该;B. must 一定,必须;C. need需要;D. might或许。本题主要考查情态动词表示推测的用法,由I’m going back to check anyway可知,我对此不确定。由此可知,D项符合题意。故选D项。【点睛】

can / could用于表推测的用法

(1) 从使用句型上看,can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句,一般不用于肯定句,而could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别,只是could 比 can 更委婉,更不确定。

(2) 从时间关系看,对现在或将来情况作推测,后接动词原形;对正在进行的情况作推测,后接 be doing 结构;对过去情况作推测,后接动词完成式。

二、 may / might用于表推测的用法

表示推测,两者都可用,只是 might 比 may 语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。如本题,

根据I’m going back to check anyway可知,我对此不确定。由此可知,D项符合题意。(1) 在句型使用方面:两者均可用于肯定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等),而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算普通,通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。

三、must表示推测的用法

must 表示很有把握的推测,其意为“一定会”“肯定会”,只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测,后接动词原形;表示对过去情况的推测,接动词完成式。

20.My computer ________ start this morning. There must have been something wrong with it. A.wouldn’t B.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。A. wouldn’t 不会;B. shouldn’t不应该; C. couldn’t 不能; D. mustn’t禁止,不允许。句意:我的电脑今早启动不了。一定是出了什么问题。此处would表示过去的习惯或反复性的动作。故选A。

21.He ______ writing the paper now. He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.

A.shouldn’t be B.ca n’t have finished

C.can’t be D.mustn’t have finished

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查推测句。句意:他现在不可能写完了卷子。我十分钟之前留下他时,他还没有写一个字。根据句意可知,此处考查对过去情况的否定推测,其表达为can’t have done不可能做某事,故选B项。

【点睛】

本题考查推测句

对过去情况的肯定推测是must have done

对过去情况的否定推测是can’t/couldn’t have done

例如:

The ground is wet, so it must have rained last night.

He can’t have finished his work, because he played basketball all day yesterday.

22.You ________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.

A.must B.can C.will D.shall

【答案】A

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:你肯定是卡罗,这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测;can表示推测,表示可能性;will表示意愿;shall表示表示决心、命令或指示。根据下文“这些年你一点用没有改变”可知,前文表示肯定性推测。故选A。

【点睛】

must表推测的用法must表示很有把握的推测,其意为“一定会”“肯定会”,只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测,后接动词原形。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦一整天,一定累了(对现在情况的推测判断)I didn’t hear the phone. I must have be asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。

23.--Is Jack still in hospital?

--Yes. He _________ the bad food.

A.wouldn’t eat B.shouldn’t eat

C.wouldn’t have eaten D.shouldn’t have eaten

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意;--杰克孩子医院吗?--是,他本不应该吃坏的食物的。因为是过去吃了坏食物,所以排除AB,这里的shouldn’t have done表示“过去本不应该做而做了”,wouldn’t have done过去本不会做而做了,所以选D。

考点:考查情态动词和虚拟语气

24.--- I called you last night, but no one answered.

--- Sorry, I _______ sleeping.

A.must have done

B.would have been

C.must be

D.could be

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:—昨晚我给你打电话了,但没人接。—对不起,我一定是睡着了。分析可知,前文提及打电话无人应答,后文解释原因:肯定睡着了。情态动词must可用于must be+v-ing 表示“过去肯定在做某事”,符合句意要求。故选C项。

25.-- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

---Thanks. You _______ it. I could manage it myself.

A.needn’t do B.should n’t have done C.mustn’t do D.needn’t have done 【答案】D

【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意: ---凯瑟琳,我已经为你打扫了房间。 - - -谢谢。你本不必这么做的。我自己能行。A. needn’t do不必做某事;B. shouldn’t have done本不应该做某事; C. mustn’t do禁止做某事;D. needn’t have done本不必做某事。由“Thanks. I could manage it myself”可知,need n’t have done“ 本不必做某事,而实际上做了某事”符合句意。故选D 项。

26.—What’s wrong with the door?

—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.

A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:---门怎么了?---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t不应该;B. mustn’t禁止;C. needn’t 不需要;D. won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时,其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。

27.—I phoned you yesterday morning. A girl answered, but I didn’t recognize the voice.—Oh, it ________ my younger sister. She was in my room at that moment.

A.must have been B.should have been

C.could have been D.may have been

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:—昨天上午我给你打电话。一个女孩回答的,但我没听出谁的声音。—哦,那一定是我妹妹。她那一刻正在我的房间里。情态动词加动词的现在完成式形式,表示对过去的推测。A. must have been表示一定做了某事。用于肯定推测;B. should have been 本应该,表示应该做而没有做某事。C. could have been用于肯定句时,表示可能做了某事。更常用于否定推测;D. may have been可能做过某事。表示可能性很小。结合语境判断,表示非常肯定的推测,故选A。

28.—What does the sign over there read?

—“No person___smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”

A.will B.may

C.shall D.must

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意:---那边的牌子上写的是什么?---任何人不得在本地区吸烟或携带点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。A. will表示现在的意志、愿望等,意为要,希望; B. may表示许可,或用于请求许可,意为可,可以;C. shall在陈述句中用于第二人称或第三人称,表示说话者的意志、命令、约定、决心、警告、威胁、预言等,意为必须,应该,要,得,给; D. must意为必须, 要,应当。分析句意可知,词句表示任何都不准在这个区域吸烟或携带点着的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。故选C项。

29.We’ll make the final decision on our scheme. ______ you change your mind, p lease inform us as soon as possible.

A.Should B.Were C.Would D.Had

【答案】A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:我们将对我们的计划做最后决定。如果你改变主意,请尽快通知我们。根据语境,此处用虚拟语气,表示与将来相反,从句用should+动词原形,省略if,should提前,陈述句是:If you should change your mind……。故选A。

【点睛】

虚拟语气中的倒装

当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,移至句首:

1)If he should fail, he would kill himself.

→Should he fail, he would kill himself.

万一失败,他就会自杀。

2)If I were you, I would do it at once.

→Were I you, I would do it at once.

假若我是你,我就会马上做。

要是我能做此事,我一定会做。

3)If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.

→Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.

他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。

该小题属于上述的第一种情况。should作为情态动词,有一种特殊的用法:在虚拟条件状语从句中表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,可以把should放在句首,即主语前,从而省略从属连词if。原来的表述为:If you should change your mind。故选A。

30.—Tony _______ what I did annoying though he didn’t say anything.

—So you think you will have to make an apology?

A.could find B.should have found

C.might find D.must have found

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查情态动词+have done。句意:—Tony一定觉得我做的事很烦人,尽管他什么也没说。—所以你认为你得道歉吗?。由“what I did”可知,此处是对过去事情有把握的推测,must have done“一定是做某事了”。故选D项。

【点睛】

情态动词+ have done结构:

1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如:It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.

2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定.can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱.如:He can't have finished the work so soon.

3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推

测,might的语气比may弱一点.这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could.如:They may not have known it beforehand.

4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余.如:I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.

5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些.如:

You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.(但没有)

He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.(可是做了)

6.“would + have +过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意.如:

I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.

Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.

分析句子可知,由“what I did”可知,此处是对过去事情有把握的推测,must have done“一定是做某事了”。故选D项。

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