语法 2021高考英语考点 超全考点梳理

语法 2021高考英语考点 超全考点梳理
语法 2021高考英语考点 超全考点梳理

语法2021高考英语考点超全考点梳理+

易错点拨进行时

进行时表示动作正在进行,这个动作是暂时的,也是未完成的。进行时包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。

考向一现在进行时

一、构成:am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式

二、现在进行时的用法:

1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

Our friends are waiting for us outside now. 我们的朋友们在外面等我们。

What are you doing? 你在干什么?

He is playing basketball now. 他正在打篮球。

2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。

She is learning English at college. 她在大学学英语。

Lucy is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 露西学习法律,她姐姐学习物理。(动作在说话时不一定正在进行)

3. 某些短暂性动词,如come, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等用于进行时,表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 父亲这个星期六来看我。

He is leaving for Beijing next week. 下周他要去北京。

4. 某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。

I’m forgetting English. 我的英语快忘记了。

She is losing her eyesight. 她的视力在慢慢地丧失。

5. 表示刚刚过去的动作:(动词为某些表示说话的词:tell,talk,say等)

Believe it or not, I am telling the truth. 不管你信不信,我说的都是实话。

I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你们在说什么。

6. 表示某种感情色彩:与频度副词(always, continually, constantly, for ever)连用。

He is always complaining about the house. 他总是抱怨这间房子。

She is continually finding fault with me. 她总是对我吹毛求疵。

7. 表示婉转语气:(仅限hope, wonder等少数词。)

I am hoping you will give us some advice. 我希望你会给我们一些建议。

I am wondering if you can help us. 我想知道你能否帮我们。

三、下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时:

①表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。

②表示存在状态的动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to等。

③表示行为结果的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等。

④表示感官的动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。

四、现在进行时和一般现在时的比较

①暂时性动作和经常性动作

The computer is working perfectly.

计算机运转得很好。(暂时)

The computer works perfectly.

计算机运转很好。(一直如此)

②持续性动作和短暂性动作

The bus is stopping.

车停了下来。(渐渐地)

The bus stops. 车停了。(迅速)

③暂时性动作和永久性动作

She is living in the country.

她现在住在农村。(暂时)

She lives in the country.

她住在农村。(永久)

④有感情色彩和没有感情色彩

He is doing well at school.

他在学校表现很好。(赞扬)

He does well at school.

他在学校表现很好。(一般事实)

【名师点睛】

常见考法:

1. 和被动语态放在一起考查;

2. 现在进行时表示一般将来;

3. 现在进行时表抱怨、批评、赞扬的用法。

误区提醒

1. 对用现在进行时表示一般将来的动词不熟悉;

2. 与被动语态结合起来考查时容易出错;

3. 辨别不出是在表示抱怨、赞扬等,因此不敢用现在进行。

1. (2018·天津卷·单项填空)My washing machine

___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.

A. was repaired

B. is repaired

C. is being repaired

D. has been repaired

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。句意:这周我的洗衣机正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。

2.—Mr. Jordan, we want to hear your opinion about the current NBA games.

—OK, I to that.

A.am coming

B. have come

C. came

D. come

【答案】A

【解析】考查现在进行时表将来的用法。英语中有一部分动词用进行时表示将来。常见的有:come, go, leave, arrive, stay等。

3.—Hi, let’s go skating.

—Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ___________ in an application form for a new job.

A. fill

B. have filled

C. am filling

D. will fill

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——嗨,我们去滑冰吧。——对不起,我现在很忙。我正在填一个新工作申请表。根据句意可知,我正在填表。故用现在进行时。

考向二过去进行时

1. 概念:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。

2. 过去进行时的构成:助动词be的过去式形式(was, were)+ 现在分词

否定形式:was / were + not + doing

一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首

3. 过去进行时的用法:

(1)表示过去某一时刻,或某一阶段正在进行的动作。通常和表示过去的时间状语连用。

I was having a bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡,突然电话铃响了。

She was writing letters. I didn’t want to disturb her. 她在写信。我不想打扰她。

(2)表示过去习惯性、经常性动作。但是这种习惯性动作具有过去某一阶段的暂时性。

In those days, Tom used to get up at 9:00, but that week, he was getting up at 5:00 every day.

(3)过去进行时经常和always,constantly,forever,continually等频度副词连用,表示说话人对某种行为的厌烦等不满情绪。

He was always playing tricks on me. 他老是捉弄我。

He was constantly changing his mind. 他老是改变主意。

She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。

(4)表示过去将来时间里按计划或安排即将发生的动作。即表示过去将来。

Four of them were coming for Sunday lunch. 他们有四个人将在星期天来吃午饭。

Her daughter was going to a summer camp the following day. 她的女儿将在第二天去参加夏令营。

(5)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用过去进行时表示过去将来正在进行的动作。

He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.

I will let you know when Mary is arriving.

(6)动词hope, wonder 等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。

I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知道您能不能让我搭一下车。

I was thinking it might be a good idea to keep the window open. 我看还是把窗户开着的好。

注意:

一般过去时也有类似用法,区别在于:一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的,而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。

(7)过去进行时用于虚拟语气,表示对现在或将来的主观臆想,与事实相反的情况。

She wishes that she were coming with us tomorrow. 她希望明天和我们一起来。(对将来的虚拟)

I wish that they were not talking so loudly. 我希望他们不要说话那么大声。(对现在的虚拟)

注意:

当一般过去时和过去进行时同时出现在句中,通常是表示短暂动作的动词用一般过去时,而表示较长时间的动作用过去进行时。

4.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别

①一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。

She wrote a letter to her friend last night.

她昨晚给朋友写了封信。(信写完了)

She was writing a letter to her friend last night.

她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。(信不一定写完)

②一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。

She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。

She was waving to me.她不断地朝我挥手。

The boy jumped up and down.这男孩跳了一下。

The boy was jumping up and down.这男孩不停地跳着。

1. (2018·北京卷·单项填空)Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.

A. is working

B. was working

C. has worked

D. had worked

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。句意:Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候,她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan 辞职发生在她当志愿者之前,had quit是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”,且结合时间状语

when I visited her last year可知,Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况,故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。

2.(2016·北京卷·单项填空)Jack ___________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.

A. works

B. has worked

C. was working

D. would work

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。句意:突然断电时,杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知,这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情,断电时,杰克正在工作,要用过去进行时,故选C。

3.(2017·江苏卷·单项填空)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________.

A. was being followed

B. was following

C. had been followed

D. followed

【答案】A

【解析】考查宾语从句和时态。分析句子成分可知,he和follow是被动关系,即他被别人跟踪,排除B、D;根据句

意"在匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否正被跟踪",故用过去进行时最合适,故选A。

考向三将来进行时

1. 定义:将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。

2. 基本结构:主语+will be/be going to be +doing

I will be sleeping at 12:00 p.m. 十二点的时候我将在睡觉。

I will be studying in university at the age of 20. 我20

岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。

3. 用法:

(1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,一般带状语。

What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下

周一的这个时候你会做什么?

When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他来我家时,我将在写报告。

(2)表示现在正在进行的动作,但这个动作会延续到将来。

I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. 我想知道今天下午是否还会一直下雨。

I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 我想她会一直在做这个实验直到第二天早上。

(3)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。

Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay. 明天我将飞往孟买。

After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. 吃完药后,你会感觉好很多。

(4)表示委婉的请求。

When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候能再见面?

(5)表示原因。

Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I’ll be having a meeting. 请明天下午过来。明天早上我将有一个会议。

(6)表示结果。

Stop the child or he will be falling over. 快阻止那个孩子,要不然他会摔跤的。

(7)表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测)

My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Beijing. 七月我将结束工作,返回北京。

Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ___________ a class at that time.

A. will teach

B. would teach

C. has taught

D. will be teaching

【答案】D

【解析】句意:简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议,因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time 指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon,表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事,要用将来完成时。故选D。

高考英语语法必考知识点

名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句,主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时,从句可能是定语从句,状语从句,或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时,指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时,what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,that不作任何成分,只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句,且两个从句都缺乏宾语,可见两个引导词都必须充当成分,所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A,what在主语从句中作主语,即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中,that不充当任何成份,只起语法连接作用(因为句子本身不缺成分): 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A.this B.that C.what D.which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥,后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物,所以选择what。答案:C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句,且从句中缺do的宾语,故选C项。why、how在句中作状语;which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后,是表语从句,所填词在从句中做宾语,指物,用what,选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语,选择what。

高考英语语法知识点总结

专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 (1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 (2)as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。 Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。 注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词,相当于who/that…not 例:In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what,关系代词用that。

高考英语介词专题复习.doc

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