MainframesStrengthsvs
我的优点我的缺点英语作文
When reflecting on ones personal attributes,its essential to consider both the strengths and weaknesses that shape our character and influence our interactions with the world.Heres a detailed analysis of such a selfassessment:My Strengths:1.Adaptability:I have a natural ability to adjust to new environments and situations.This has allowed me to thrive in diverse settings,whether its in my academic pursuits or social interactions.2.Empathy:I am often praised for my ability to understand and share the feelings of others.This quality has helped me build strong relationships and be a supportive friend.3.Diligence:I am known for my hard work and dedication.I take pride in completing tasks thoroughly and on time,which has contributed to my academic success and work performance.4.Creativity:I have a knack for thinking outside the box,which has led to innovative solutions in both personal and professional projects.This creativity is a valuable asset in a world that increasingly values originality.munication Skills:I am articulate and can express my thoughts clearly,which is crucial for effective collaboration and leadership.My Weaknesses:1.Procrastination:Despite my diligence,I sometimes struggle with procrastination.This habit can delay the completion of tasks and result in stress as deadlines approach.2.Impatience:I have a tendency to want immediate results,which can lead to frustration when things dont go as planned.This impatience can sometimes affect my relationships and work dynamics.3.Overcommitment:My eagerness to help and participate can lead to overcommitting to tasks and responsibilities.This can result in a heavy workload and a lack of focus on my primary goals.4.Perfectionism:While striving for excellence is a strength,my perfectionist tendencies can be a doubleedged sword.It can lead to unnecessary stress and a reluctance to complete tasks that I fear may not meet my high standards.ck of Assertiveness:I sometimes find it challenging to assert my needs and opinions, which can lead to feelings of being overlooked or undervalued.In conclusion,recognizing these strengths and weaknesses is the first step towards personal growth.By leveraging my strengths and actively working on my weaknesses,I aim to become a more balanced and effective individual.This selfawareness is crucial for personal development and for contributing positively to the world around me.。
STRENGTHSANDWEAKNESSES
STRENGTHSANDWEAKNESSES Today's topicSTRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSESDo you see yourself as 'confident' and 'efficient' or 'insecure' and 'ineffective'?Discuss your strengths and weaknesses, then decide which of your classmates you would hire! STRENGTHShard workingI will try my best to do my jobResponsibleI will try my best to finish my daily workfriendlyWEAKNESSESNo patienceI sometimes don’t have much patience to communicate with othersLack of self-confidenceI don't have the confidence to do something I have never done beforeNo perseverancewhat are the characteristics of a goog employee? a bad employee?goodworking skillsflexiblegood communicate with othersgood team workerbadlazydirtyirresponsibleINT: Strengths & WeaknessesStrengths/ Weaknesses (opposites)· Focused/ Distracted· Fast (learner)/ Slow (learner)· Sociable/ Unsociable· Responsible/ Irresponsible· Reliable/ Unreliable· Hard-working/ Lazy· Trusting/ Untrusting, Suspicious· Positive/ Negative· Punctual/ Late· Trustworthy/ Untrustworthy· Honest/ Dishonest· Friendly/ Unfriendly· Experienced/ Inexperienced· Motivated/ Unmotivated· Efficient/ Inefficient· Fearless/ Fearful· Risk-taker/ Risk-adverse· Knowledgeable/ Unknowledgeable· Ambitious/ Unambitious· Active/ Inactive· Competitive/ Uncompetitive· Confident/ unconfident, insecure· Flexible/ inflexibleRipple (China)It's my responsibility to make sure that everything's still where it's supposed to be.My even [not 'not bad'] temper... so I can get along with my co-workers to do my work.A good employee [no 'have'] always prefers to work in groups.He always have bad effect on [not 'to'] other co-workers.Pronunciation: pluralsEistert (China)Sometimes, I have no patience.Most of the time [not 'The most of time'], I have no perseverance. Pronunciation: plurals, 'th' soundsZiran (China)A good employee needs a responsible characteristic, hard-working...You must work hard, have good relations with other [not 'another'] co-workers.A bad employee is not responsible at their place of work, not hard working. Vocabulary: badmouth (bad employees speak lot of bad things about a good employee) Pronunciation: 'th' soundsLeon (China)I work as an engineer.I still have [not 'has'] several kinds of weaknesses.Pronunciation: 'th' sounds (think, with)Cynthia (China)Pronunciation: strengths, inexperienced, motivated, inefficient (in-F-E-she-ant) Jessica (China)Carol (China)I don't have many [not 'much'] hobbies.I think my strengths are [not 'will be']...I'm a little bit impatient [not 'lack of patience'].I don't know how to socialize with others.Maybe we have to consider firing [not 'about fire'] them.Pronunciation: 'th' sounds。
力量赢天下的英语作文
Strength is a fundamental element in life,and it can manifest in various forms such as physical,mental,emotional,and even spiritual.The English essay on Strength Conquers All would delve into the different aspects of strength and how it can lead to success in various areas of life.Title:The Power of StrengthIn the vast tapestry of human existence,strength is the thread that weaves through the fabric of success.It is the silent force that propels individuals to overcome adversity, achieve their goals,and ultimately conquer the world.This essay explores the multifaceted nature of strength and its undeniable impact on lifes journey.Physical Strength:The FoundationPhysical strength is the most tangible form of power.It is the ability to exert force and endure physical challenges.Athletes,soldiers,and laborers alike rely on their physical prowess to excel in their respective fields.From the Olympic stadiums to the battlefields, physical strength is the bedrock upon which many victories are built.Mental Strength:The CatalystBeyond the physical realm lies mental strength,a force that fuels the mind to withstand stress,process information,and make sound decisions.This cognitive resilience is essential for problemsolving and strategic thinking.Mental strength is the driving force behind innovation,creativity,and the ability to navigate complex situations with clarity and precision.Emotional Strength:The HeartEmotional strength is the capacity to manage feelings and maintain composure in the face of emotional turmoil.It is the inner fortitude that allows individuals to cope with loss, rejection,and disappointment without succumbing to despair.Emotional strength is the anchor that keeps one grounded and focused on the path to success,even when the winds of adversity threaten to sway the course.Spiritual Strength:The Guiding LightSpiritual strength is the intangible power that emanates from ones beliefs and convictions. It is the moral compass that guides individuals through the ethical dilemmas and existential questions that life presents.Spiritual strength provides a sense of purpose andmeaning,enabling individuals to persevere in the face of lifes most profound challenges.The Conquest of ChallengesStrength,in all its forms,is the key to conquering lifes challenges.It is the force that enables individuals to push beyond their limits,to rise from the ashes of failure,and to stand tall in the face of adversity.Whether it is climbing the corporate ladder,achieving academic excellence,or overcoming personal struggles,strength is the common denominator in all triumphs.The Power of PerseverancePerseverance,a manifestation of strength,is the relentless pursuit of a goal despite obstacles.It is the unwavering determination to continue in the face of setbacks. Perseverance is the fuel that ignites the fire of strength,propelling individuals towards their aspirations.Conclusion:The Unyielding ForceIn conclusion,strength is the unyielding force that conquers all.It is the foundation upon which success is built,the catalyst for innovation,the heart that endures,and the guiding light that illuminates the path forward.Embracing the power of strength in all its forms is the key to unlocking ones full potential and achieving greatness in a world that demands resilience and fortitude.This essay serves as a testament to the power of strength and its ability to shape the course of ones life,emphasizing the importance of cultivating and harnessing this force to conquer the world.。
维亚维解决方案第三代多应用平台（MAP-300）产品数据表说明书
VIAVI SolutionsData Sheet VIAVIThird Generation Multiple Application Platform (MAP-300)The VIAVI Solutions Multiple Application Platform (MAP-300) is an optical test and measurement platform optimized for compact cost-effective development and manufacturing of optical communications technology.Key Featuresy Available in rackmount, reverse-rackmount and benchtop mainframe configurationsy HTML-based graphical user interface gives consistent user experience both locally and remotelyy Field-replaceable controller includes an integrated 3.5-inch LCD touchscreen for network and system status y Support for USB 3.0 port, 15.6-inch external monitor, and ethernety Optional GPIB, additional ethernet ports and additional USB and trigger modulesy SCPI logical interface for automation programming, with remote programming supported via TCP/IP (LXI) over ethernet, GPIB and direct socket y Multi-user capabilityy Backward compatible with MAP2xx series cassettes and remote-control support y Hot swappable modulesy Supports the MAP-Series asset management tool MAPccApplicationsy General purpose fiber-optic lab use y Manufacturing test automation y DWDM/WSS test y Connectivity IL/RLy Polarization scrambling and OSNRCompliancey MAP Series cassettes include amplifier and sourcecassettes classified as either Class 3B or Class 1M Laser products. While operating in a MAP Series mainframe, cassettes meet the requirements of the IEC 60825-1 standard and comply with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11, except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice 50, dated June 24, 2007.From the original Multiple Application Platform (MAP) system released in 2001 as part of JDSU to the new third generation MAP-300 Series, the MAP system is the heart of the VIAVI optical test solutions for labs and manufacturing. With unmatched scalability , users can be assured that our solutions will meet their current and future needs. MAP-300 provides the foundation to our entire portfolio, enabling scalability and efficiency for manufacturing optical network elements, modules and components.Customer Focused InnovationThe new MAP-300 builds upon the proven strengths of the MAP System while adding innovation where it matters most for our customers. Backwards compatible support for the installed automation base, combined with several new features, including an HTML-based GUI for multi-user environments, gives our customers the capabilities they need to achieve their goals. We can’t wait to see what you will accomplish with the new MAP-300!MAP-300 ConfigurationsThe MAP-300 mainframe, like its predecessor, is offered in both benchtop and rackmount versions as either threeor eight slot mainframe configurations. The eight-slot can also provided in a reverse rack-mount configuration. MAP-380 Eight-Slot MainframesEach MAP-380 mainframe consists of a 3U chassis that can house up to eight cassettes, plus a field-replaceable controller. The MAP-380 mainframe is available in rackmount, reverse-rackmount, and benchtopconfigurations.Figure 2 - MAP-380 rackmount and benchtop mainframes, rear viewFigure 1 - MAP-380 rackmount and benchtop mainframes front viewFigure 3 - MAP-380 reverse rackmount mainframes, front and rear viewMAP-330 Three-Slot MainframesEach MAP-330 mainframe consists of a 3U chassis that can house up to three cassettes, plus a field-replaceable controller. The rackmount versions are half 19” rack wide, so two units can be mounted side-by-side. An optional touch screen can be docked on the mainframe of a benchtop three-slot chassis for an easy portable, self-contained system.Figure 4 - MAP-330 benchtop mainframe, front and rear viewFigure 5 - MAP-330 benchtop mainframe with 15.6-inch touchscreen docked, front viewFigure 6 - MAP-330 3U half 19-inch rackmount mainframe, front viewSimple, Intuitive Graphical ControllerThe MAP-300 chassis includes a 3.5-inch touch screen that supports intuitive swipes for easy navigation. This local touchscreen provides access to connection and configuration settings.Users can access the MAP-300 GUI from a mainframe locally or remotely via Ethernet. The MAP-300 GUI allows multi-user access via a supported web browser by entering the IP address acquired from the controller in the location field of the web browser. The slot configuration of a mainframe is represented by widgets (one per slot) on the MAP-300 dashboard. When a slot is populated, the widget representing that slot identifies the cassette and provides quick access to the main device settings. The user can change the size of the widget to see more detail on specific cassettes. A detailed view of a cassette is available, whilst still having a complete view of all other slots.The settings panel gives you access to network and system settings, as well as remote chassis and license settings if available. The MAP-300 can be rebooted or placed in standby mode using through the GUI or local touchscreen.Figure 7 - MAP-300 local touchscreenFigure 8 - MAP-380 Dashboard GUI example.Control InterfacesAs a full-fledged member of the MAP family , all remote interfaces can interoperate with the three-slot and eight-slot versions. It includes optimized Interchangeable Virtual Instrument (IVI) drivers for ease of use with popular application-development environments, such as LabVIEW, Visual C++, Visual Basic, and LabWindows™, to provide full control of the modules and drop-in instrument programming capabilities. These capabilities let test programmers focus on test-level functions and sequences rather than the details required to communicate with the specific modules in the MAP system. The IVI drivers also include a simulation mode that lets developers capture system configurations so they can perform most of their development offline, freeing hardware for other purposes. These features make test automation development and debugging fast and easy. All MAP series module and platform commands conform to the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) command language.Extensive Input/Output InterfacesAll mainframe configurations include: y Ethernet port for remote communication.y 4 USB host ports for installing peripheral devices, including USB drives, a mouse, and a keyboard. y One USB host port for the optional touchscreen.y Integrated 3.5-inch LCD touchscreen for network and system status information.y All mainframes can support up to two field-installable additional accessory modules for control and triggering. Available modules include (1) IEEE-488 (GPIB), (2) dual trigger LXI-compliant LDVS driver ports, and (3) three USB 3.0 ports and one Ethernet interface.Users who are comfortable with the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB)remote interface can order the field-installable option at any time.Automation Remote Use 1(Optional)Automation Remote Use 2(Optional)Automation Remote Use 3(Optional)MAP Control Center (MAPcc)VIAVI now offers the MAP Control Center (MAPcc), an asset management tool for MAP mainframes and cassettes. The MAPcc simplifies network management via a single screen that lists a full inventory of all your assets, enabling you to explore internal and external mainframes as well as the cassettes present in those mainframes. From the list of available mainframes, you can retrieve IP addresses, firmware versions and serial numbers, and you can search for a specific type of cassette, fiber or connector. The MAPcc lets you upgrade multiple mainframes at the same time using the upgrade center, as well as retrieve log files.MAP Chassis Selection GuideVIAVI offers a variation of chassis, the table below summaries their key attributes of each chassis and why it would be ideal for you.SpecificationsMainframe SpecificationsThe table below provides specifications for MAP-300 mainframes. For MAP Series cassettes, refer to the user guide for each cassette.Mainframe ChassisCapacity (Single-width cassettes) 3 cassettes8 cassettes Rackmount Kit OptionalBenchtop Kit OptionalController (MAP-300CLD-B)Operating System LinuxLocal T ouchscreen 3.5-in touchscreen for network/system status controls, 320 x 240 resolution Power Supply100 to 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz, Auto-switchingPower Consumption450 VA MAX450 VA MAXField Replaceable Y esBays for Plug-in Modules2Native Ports/InterfacesUSB 3.0 Host 1 frontUSB 3.0 (Mouse, Keyboard, etc.) 4 rearEthernet 10/100/1000BASE-T 1 rearMonitor port 1 rearOptical Plug-in Modules GPIB, USB/LAN Expansion, TriggerAutomationDriver Type IVI compliantStandard/Protocol LXI, VXI-11, SCPIDriver Compatibility LabView TM, LabWindows TM, Microsoft® Visual C++,Microsoft® Visual Basic®Accessibility Multiuser sharing supportWeb GUI Compatibility Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox or Microsoft EdgeLaser Interlock (See the MAP Series Safety and Compliance Reference Guide, 22112369-325, for more information.) Local Interlock Software controlledRemote Interlock2-pin terminal block at rear controllerMechanicalDimensions of rackmount (W x H x D)24.61 x 13.26 x 38.63 cm(9.6 x 5.2 x 15.2 in)48.26 x 13.26 x 38.63 cm(19 x 5.2 x 15.2 in)Dimensions of benchmount (W x H x D) 26.43 x 15.49 x 44.27 cm(10.4 x 6.1 x 17.5 in)46.94 x 15.49 x 44.27 cm(18.5 x 6.1 x 17.5 in)WeightBenchtop Mainframe10 kg (22 lb)12.6 kg (27.7 lb) Rackmount Mainframe7.4 kg (16.3 lb) 10.8 kg (23.8 lb) EnvironmentOperating T emperature0 to 50°CStorage T emperature-30 to 60°CRelative Humidity5% to 85% non-condensingOptional 15.6-inch Touchscreen (MAP-300AKD) SpecificationsDock to Benchtop MainframeMAP-330SupportedMAP-380Not SupportedPower/Interface to MainframeMAP-330USB cable or docking connectorMAP-380USB cableWeight 2.7 kg (5.95 lb)Ordering InformationFor more information on this or other products and their availability, please contact your local VIAVI account manager or VIAVI directly at 1-844-GO-VIAVI (1-844-468-4284) or to reach the VIAVI office nearest you, visit /contacts.MAP-300 MainframesMAP-300 Accessories and Replacement Parts11 Third Generation Multiple Application Platform (MAP-300)LightDirect and LightTest Modular Families for the MAP SystemMAP mainframes are the foundation to our entire portfolio of functional modules, enabling scalability and efficiency for manufacturing optical network elements and modules. The MAP-300 series replaces the highly successful MAP-200. It is compatible with all our current cassettes and legacy cassette (all -C1, -C2 and -B1 modules). The cassette modules fall into two different families, the LightT est turn-key solutions and LightDirect configurable solutions to meet each customer’s exact needs.The LightDirect family includes a wide range of foundational optical test modules that are used in simple bench test applications, or combined in larger, multi-modules customer driven automated test systems. They are easy-to-control, single-functionality modules.© 2020 VIAVI Solutions Inc.Product specifications and descriptions in this document are subject to change without notice.map300-ds-lab-nse-ae 30190857 904 0920Contact Us +1 844 GO VIAVI (+1 844 468 4284)To reach the VIAVI office nearest you, visit /contacts.VIAVI SolutionsThe LightT est family are application specific, integrated test solutions that leverage the power of the MAP Series Super-Application or PC based software. Built with specialized MAP modules or assemblies of LightDirect modules, LightT est solutions are typically used in bench test applications but can also be combined in larger, multi-modules customer driven automated test systems.Passive Connector Test SolutionsThe VIAVI Solutions passive component/connector test solution (PCT) consists of a powerful family of modules, software, and peripherals for testing IL, RL, physical length, and polarity of optical connectivity products. Leveraging the modularity and connectivity of the VIAVI MAP platforms.Single Fiber Insertion Loss and Return Loss Test SystemThe PCT-rm is a MAP-220 based Single mode Insertion Loss (IL) and Return Loss (RL) test meter for single fiber connector applications. Part of the MAP Series PCT solution family , it features fully EF-compliant multimode Insertion Loss test meters with connector adapters that can be configured for all connectivity applications to ensure maximized productivity.Swept Wavelength SystemmSWS-C1 are swept wavelength test solutions for manufacturing and new device development of passive DWDM devices, ROADMs & Circuit Packs. Provides full characterization of wavelength.Optical Component Environmental Test SystemsAt the core of OCETS Plus is a pair of custom-grade programmable switches (1xN configuration). OCETS switches are specified to higher levels of IL repeatability and background RL than analogue-grade switches.。
力量显实力的英语作文
Strength is a fundamental aspect of life that manifests in various forms and serves multiple purposes.It is not merely a physical attribute but also encompasses mental, emotional,and spiritual dimensions.Here is an essay that delves into the concept of strength and its significance.The Essence of StrengthStrength is the bedrock upon which individuals build their capabilities and resilience.It is the force that propels us to overcome obstacles and achieve our goals.In its physical form, strength is often associated with muscular power and endurance,enabling us to perform tasks that require physical exertion.However,strength is much more than brawn it is the mental fortitude that allows us to persevere through challenges and the emotional stability that helps us navigate through lifes ups and downs.Physical StrengthPhysical strength is the most apparent form of strength.It is the power that athletes exhibit on the field,the endurance of a marathon runner,and the agility of a dancer. Physical strength is cultivated through consistent exercise,a balanced diet,and proper rest.It is the foundation for many professions and hobbies,from construction work to competitive sports.Mental StrengthMental strength,also known as resilience or willpower,is the ability to maintain focus and determination in the face of adversity.It is the cognitive capacity to process complex information,solve problems,and make sound decisions.Mental strength is developed through education,experience,and the willingness to learn from mistakes.It is crucial for personal growth and professional success.Emotional StrengthEmotional strength is the capacity to manage feelings and reactions effectively.It involves selfawareness,empathy,and the ability to express emotions in a healthy manner. Emotional strength is built through selfreflection,emotional intelligence,and the support of a strong social network.It is vital for maintaining healthy relationships and a balanced state of mind.Spiritual StrengthSpiritual strength is the innermost core of an individuals being.It is the sense of purpose, faith,and connection to something greater than oneself.Spiritual strength provides a moral compass and a sense of peace amidst lifes turmoil.It is nurtured through meditation,prayer,and acts of kindness and compassion.The Importance of StrengthStrength,in all its forms,is essential for personal development and societal progress.It empowers individuals to contribute positively to their communities and to stand up against injustice.Strength enables us to protect and care for those who are vulnerable, and it is the driving force behind innovation and change.Cultivating StrengthTo cultivate strength,one must engage in a holistic approach that includes physical training,mental exercises,emotional support,and spiritual practices.It requires discipline, patience,and a commitment to selfimprovement.By nurturing strength in all its aspects, individuals can achieve a wellrounded and fulfilling life.ConclusionIn conclusion,strength is a multifaceted concept that encompasses physical prowess, mental acuity,emotional balance,and spiritual depth.It is a vital component of human existence,contributing to our ability to thrive and excel in all aspects of life.By understanding and developing our strength,we can face lifes challenges with confidence and grace.。
agenda setting theory
Agenda-setting theoryAgenda-Setting Theory states that the news media have a large influence on audiences, in terms of what stories to consider newsworthy and how much prominence(显著性) and space to give them.[1] Agenda-setting theory’s main postulate （假定）is salience（突出）transfer. Salience transfer is the ability of the news media to transfer issues of importance fromtheir day-by-day selection and display of the news, editors and news directors focus our attention and influence our perceptions of what are the most important issues of the day. This ability to influence the salience of topics on the public agenda has come to be called the agenda setting role of the news media."[2] Related to agenda setting is agenda building theory which explores how an issue comes to the attention policy makers and media. [3]History FoundationFollowing the era of limited media effect paradigm（典范）, established by Lazarsfeld and colleagues’ The People’s Choice research, the development of agenda setting hypothesis signals “the rediscovery of a powerful effects m odel.” The powerful effects model can be traced back to Cohen (1963)’s argument that “the mass media may not be successful much of the time in telling people what to think, but the media stunningly successful in telling their audience what to think about.”[4]On a related note, agenda-setting model brought about a paradigm shift: the rejection of persuasion as a central organizing paradigm.[5]That is, media is not telling audiences what to think, but what to think about.The media agenda is the set of issues addressed by media sources and the public agenda which are issues the public consider important.[6] Agenda-setting theory was introduced in 1972 by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw in their ground breaking study of the role of the media in 1968 presidential campaign in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.The researchers surveyed 100 undecided voters during the 1968 presidential elections on what they thought were key issues and measured that against the actual media content.[7]The ranking of issues was almost identical with acorrelation of .97, and the conclusions matched their hypothesis that the mass media positioned the agenda for public opinion by emphasizing specific topics.[8]Subsequent research on agenda-setting theory provided evidence for the cause-and-effect chain of influence being debated by critics in the field.Causality: Agenda Setting or Agenda Reflection?To confirm agenda-setting hypothesis, evidence should show that media agendas precede public agendas. In this regard, Kosicki raised a point that “if real world problems are driving both audience interest and news coverage, then it is not meaningful to attribute the cause to media.” He continued, therefore, saying that “a more meaningful case of agenda setting is one in which a problem is ongoing at a relatively constant level and media attention comes and goes in response to its own cues.”[5]One particular study made leaps to prove a cause-effect relationship. The study was conducted by Yale researchers, Shanto Iyengar, Mark Peters, and Donald Kinder. The researchers had three groups of subjects fill out questionnaires about their own concerns and then each group watched different evening news programs, each of which emphasized adifferent issue. After watching the news for four days, the subjects again filled out questionnaires and the issues that they rated as most important matched the issues they viewed on the evening news.[9]The study demonstrated a cause-and-effect relationship between media agenda and public agenda. As of 2004, there were over 400 empirical（经验的）studies examining the effects of Agenda Setting.[10]The theory has evolved beyond the media's influence on the public's perceptions of issue salience to political candidates and corporate reputation.[11]FunctionsThe agenda-setting function has multiple components:▪Media agenda are issues discussed in the media, such as newspapers, television, and radio.▪Public agenda are issues discussed among members of the public.▪Policy agenda are issues that policy makers consider important, such as legislators.▪Corporate agenda are issues that big corporations consider important.These four agendas are interrelated. The two basicassumptions that underlie（潜在）most research on agenda-setting are that the press and the media do not reflect reality, they filter and shape it, and the media concentration on a few issues and subjects leads the public to perceive those issues as more important than other issues.Media agenda in the market placeThe key role of agenda-setting is to promote（宣传）social consensus （社会合意）and create sense of community（团体）. This social function is threatened by growing number of media channels. The expanding choice of information causes the more fragmented（碎片）the media system. As compared to initial agenda-setting study in McCombs’ Chapel Hill, the media environment has changed considerably.Under these circumstances, citizens’ participation in agenda-building processes is necessary to build a sense of community. In order to maintain a healthy democracy, it is necessary to have the numerically major, but politically marginalized（忽视）people’s voices heard by allowing them to participate in the pressure system at least to a certain degree. In this sense, building public agendas is an indispensable process that keeps a democracy alive.[12]DiffusionThe media uses diffusion（传播）to spread ideas and aid in its agenda setting. Opinion Leaders and boundary spanners（扳手）are very important to the media at using their networks（关系网）to pass on the flow of information.An opinion leader is often someone who is thought of by others to know a significant amount of information on a topic or is an "expert". This could be anyone from a specialist in a certain field, a politician who is the head of a specific congressional（议会）committee（委员会）, or a mom who is very active in the PTA. They are often at the center of a social network, more attentive to outside information and capable of influence. Since the opinion leaders are those in a social network who are most likely to watch the news or pay attention to the news media, they are an extremely important tool at spreading information to the masses.Boundary Spanners are those in a social network who can span across various social networks. They can be essential to the flow of novel information. Boundary spanners can be used by the news media in setting its agenda by getting information and ideas to a variety of social networks, rather than just one.A study showing the effects of diffusion（传播流）was Project Revere（尊敬）. Sociologists at the University of Washington from 1951 to 1953 would drop leaflets from an airplane onto a town. They then would see how long it would take for the information to pass by word of mouth to those who did not get a leaflet. Their findings showed that children are very effective in the diffusion process, thus proving how easy it is for a child to be affected by the news media.The Accessibility Bias and Controversy（争论）S. Iyengar's article titled "The accessibility bias in politics: television news and public opinion" looks at just this theory. He states, "In general, 'accessibility bias' argument stipulates(以…为条件，规定)that information that can be more easily retrieved（检索）from memory tends to dominate judgments, opinions and decisions, and that in the area of public affairs, more accessible information is information that is more frequently or more recently conveyed by the media."[13] Although there has been a widely held assumption that the primary （首要的）mechanism of agenda setting and priming （引爆点）is accessibility（可到达性）(i.e., the ease with which a set of ideas or knowledge can be retrieved from memory), noempirical evidence confirmed the mediating role of accessibility.[14]Rather, findings indicate that there is more to agenda setting than accessibility. For example, research on the concept of need for orientation（导向需求）suggests that the degree of agenda-setting effects is dependent upon perceived（察觉的）issue relevance and orientation toward resolving uncertainty. Furthermore, Nelson et al., found that perceived importance of specific frames plays a major role in shaping public perceptions of the issue at hand, whereas accessibility plays only a minor role.[18]Therefore, as Weaver argued, “not all persons are equally affected by the same amount of prominence of media coverage, and not all easily accessible information is considered important.”Cognitive Effects Model（认知层面作用模式）Early media effects studies done by Berelson, Lazarsfeld, and McPhee showed that political campaigns have very little effect on voters, but instead that those closest to them (family and friends) as well as cognitions.The Cognitive effects model found that the media has an indirect influence on an audiences' attitude. A viewer（观看者）already has set ideas and opinions, the media cannot do much to change those. However by showing certain stories moreoften than others and shaping the agenda they can shape what an audience puts importance on. For example, if the media reports more on the economy than on international news, then people will have more information on the economy and think that the issue is more important than other things that are going on around the world.Characteristics/Tenets（信念）Research has focused on characteristics of audience, the issues, and the media that might predict variations in the agenda setting effect.Humans are curious by nature, we as a species have an innate drive to understand the environment around us. This disconnect of not knowing our surroundings or dissonance（不协调）, as Leon Festinger would put it, means we either need to change our way of thinking or change our behavior to come back into a state of consonance or connection. Orientation is a term（名词）to describe the need for individuals to orient themselves to their surroundings/environment. In the case of agenda setting theory, we know that news media provide this orientation.Mccombs states that, "need for orientation is a psychologicalconcept, which means that it describes individual differences in the desire for orienting cues and background information." Two concepts: relevance and uncertainty, define an individual's need for orientation. Relevancy（关联）is the first and of primary importance as an individual will feel less dissonant if a situation or issue is not personally relevant. Hence, if relevancy is low, people will feel the need for less orientation. There are many issues in our country that are just not relevant to people, because they do not affect us. Many news organizations attempt to frame issues in a way that attempts to make them relevant to its viewers/readers. This is their way of keeping their viewership/readership high "Level of uncertainty is the second and subsequent defining condition（决定条件）of need for orientation. Frequently, individuals already have all the information that they desire about a topic. Their degree of uncertainty is low."[21]When issues are of high personal relevance and uncertainty low, the need to monitor any changes in those issues will be present and moderate the need for orientation. If at any point in time viewers/readers have high relevance and high uncertainty about any type of issue/event/election campaign there was a high need for orientation.Research done by Weaver in 1977 suggested that individuals vary on their need for orientation. Need for orientation is a combination of the individual’s interest in the topic and uncertainty about the issue. The higher levels of interest and uncertainty produce higher levels of need for orientation. So the individual would be considerably likely to be influenced by the media stories（报道）(psychological aspect of theory).[6] Research performed（做）by Zucker in 1978 suggested that an issue is obtrusive（强迫人…的）if most members of the public have had direct contact with it, and less obtrusive if audience members have not had direct experience. This means that agenda setting results should be strongest for unobtrusive issues because audience members must rely on media for information on these topics.[6]Media salience（传媒显著性）: a key independent variable（变量）in agenda setting theory is mostly recognized as a single construct. Theoretical explications（理论解释）of media salience scholarship varies throughout the agenda setting literature. Spiro Kiousis perused the relevant literature and discovered that 3 dimensions of media salience emerged: attention, prominence, and valence.[22]Thus developing his multi-construct model of media salience.▪Attention: based on the amount of coverage/exposure the news media give an object.▪Prominence: A framing technique used to highlight or position an attribute/object in a context that communicates its importance. Kiousis also refers to just the presence of news stories covered by prestigious news organizations(e.g. Washington Post, New York Times, etc...) as a signaling factor to the public in giving news stories prominence. And, ▪Valence: Refers to the affective (emotional) elements of the media content. "Attribute coverage also transmits cues that shape the overall affective salience of issues, candidates, and other objects (e.g., how interesting or appealing they are). Therefore, affective elements in news can also enhance or reduce the overall salience of objects."[23]Quote on agenda setting- "The media doesn't tell us what to think; it tells us what to think about"- Bernard C. Cohen (1963) Characteristics of Agenda-setting Research Based on the agenda-setting literature, Kosicki [24]summarized the following characteristics of agenda-setting studies:1. Agenda-setting research deals with the importance or salience of public issues.2. A public issue is seen as a rather broad, abstract, content-free topic domain, devoid of controversy or contending forces.3. Agenda-setting studies have a twin focus on media content and audience perception: both measuring the amount and time devoted to a certain issue by mass media and the amount of public attention to that issue are integral components of agenda-setting research4. Agenda setting is characterized by some desire to deal with a range of issues rank-ordered into an agenda.5. Agenda setting is proposed as an effect of specific media content or trends in that content, not a general effect of watching television or reading newspapers or newsmagazines. edit Framing and Second-level Agenda setting: Similarities, Differences, and Controversiessetting have the following characteristics:Similarities:- Both are more concerned with how issues or other objects are depicted in the media than with which issues or objects are more or less prominently reported.- Both focus on most salient or prominent aspects of themes or descriptions of the objects(对象) of interest.- Both are concerned with ways of thinking rather than objects （对象）of thinkingDifference:- Framing does seem to include a broader range of cognitive processes –moral evaluations, causal reasoning, appeals to principle, and recommendations for treatment of problems –than does second-level agenda setting (the salience of attributes of an object)Based on these shared characteristics, McCombs and colleagues[26]recently argued that framing effects should be seen as the extension of agenda setting. In other words, according to them, the premise（前提、假设）that framing is about selecting “a restricted number of thematically relatedthe process of transferring the salience of issue attributes (i.e., second-level agenda setting). That is, according to McCombs and colleagues’ arguments, framing falls under the umbrella of agenda setting.According to Price and Tewksbury[28], however, agenda settingand framing are built on different theoretical premises: agenda setting is based on accessibility, while framing is concern with applicability （适用性）(i.e., the relevance between message features and one’s stored ideas or knowledg e). Accessibility-based explanation of agenda setting is also applied to second-level agenda setting. That is, transferring the salience of issue attributes (i.e., second-level agenda setting) is a function of accessibility.For framing effects, empirical evidence shows that the impact of frames on public perceptions is mainly determined by perceived importance of specific frames rather than by the quickness of retrieving frames. That is, the way framing effects transpires(发生) is different from the way second-level agenda setting is supposed to take place (i.e., accessibility). On a related note, Scheufele and Tewksbury [30]argues that, because accessibility and applicability vary in their functions of media effects, “the distin ction between accessibility and applicability effects has obvious benefits for understanding and predicting the effects of dynamic information environments.”Taken together, it can be concluded that the integration of framing into agenda setting is either impossible because they are based on different theoretical premises or imprudent（不谨慎的）because merging the two concepts would result in the loss of our capabilities to explain various media effects. Agenda setting vs. FramingScheufele and Tewksbury argue that “framing differs significantly from these accessibility-based models [i.e., agenda setting and priming]. It is based on the assumption that how an issue is characterized in news reports can have an influence on how it is understood by audiences;”[31] the difference between whether we think about an issue and how we think about it. Framing and agenda setting differs in their functions in the process of news production, information processing and media effects.(a) News prod uction: Although “both frame building and agenda building refer to macroscopic mechanisms that deal with message construction rather than media effects,” frame building is more concerned with the news production process than agenda building. In other words, “how forces and groups in society try to shape public discourse about an issue by establishing predominant labels is of far greater interest from a framing perspective than from a traditional agenda-setting one.”(b) News processing: For framing and agenda setting, different conditions seem to be needed in processing messages to produce respective effects. Framing effect is more concerned with audience attention to news messages, while agenda setting is more with repeated exposure to messages.(c) Locus of effect: Agenda-setting effects are determined by the ease with which people can retrieve from their memory issues recently covered by mass media, while framing is the extent to which media messages fit ideas or knowledge people have in their knowledge store.edit Levels of agenda setting▪The first-level agenda setting is most traditionally studied by researchers. Simply put, the focus is/was on major issues/objects and the transfer of the salience of those objects/issues. From these broad issues, agenda setting evolved to look not only at the major issues/objects, but to attributes of those issues.▪In second-level agenda setting, the news media focuses on the characteristics of the objects or issues. This transfer of attribute salience is considered second-level effects or attribute agenda-setting. "The second dimension refers tothe transmission of attribute salience to the minds of the public. More specifically, each object has numerous attributes, or characteristics and properties that fill out the picture of that particular object. As certain perspectives and frames are employed in news coverage, they can draw public attention to certain attributes and away from others."[32] In this level the media suggest how the people should think about the issue. There are two types of attributes: cognitive (subtantative, or topics) and affective (evaluative, or positive, negative, neutral).▪Additionally, there are several theoretical concepts that fall under the umbrella of attribute agenda setting.Some of these include: status conferral, stereotyping,priming, gatekeeping(which happens in both levels),compelling arguments, and of primary importance, the concept of framing.Status Conferral（地位赋予）: Status conferral refers to the amount of attention given to specific individuals. "The news media bestow prestige and enhance the authority of individuals and groups by legitimizing their status. Recognition by the press or radio or magazines or newsreels testifies that one has arrived, that one is important enoughto have been singled out from the large anonymous masses, that one's behavior and opinions are significant enough to require public notice."[33][34] 2Stereotyping: Stereotyping is best defined by Taylor;"Consensus among members of one group regarding the attributes of another." Furthermore, a cognitive orientation view of stereotyping helps illustrate why this helps attribute salience transfer. "The cognitive orientation view assumes that humans are limited in the amount of incoming information that they can process, and hence form stereotypes as one way to reduce the cognitive burden of dealing with a complex world."[35]Which reaffirms the previous notions of our brains being cognitive misers.3Priming: There are perspectives as to what primingactually is, but the primary concept is such: "According to the priming theory, news media exposure presumably causes the activation of related knowledge, which is more likely to be retrieved and used in later judgments because it is more accessible in memory and comes to mind spontaneously and effortlessly.", it's the actual act of linking two different elements in order to generate a general known idea.[36]The concept of priming is supported by theaccessibility bias argument as well as the principle of resonance as some attributes may resonate longer with individuals than others. Iyengar and Kinder,[37]define priming as “changes in standards that people use to make political evaluations.” This definition is primarily focused on the political realm as Scheufele and Tewksbury[38] go on to say that “priming occurs when news content suggest to news audiences that they ought to use specific issues as benchmarks for evaluating the performance of leaders and government.” As individuals make their choices in supporting/voting for a (n) candidate/issue, they are more likely to add this evaluative dimension to their decisions. This still follows the accessibility bias argument (memory based models) and Iyengar and Kinder[39] take it a step further by arguing that “priming is a temporal extension of agenda setting” and that just making issues/candidates sa lient, can affect people’s decisions/judgments when making choices about political candidates/issues.Gatekeeping: The concept of gatekeeping attempts to answer the question of who sets the news media agenda? Mccombs,[40]states that we need to look at "three key elements: major sources who provide information for newsstories, other news organizations, and journalisms norms and traditions." Major sources include: elected leaders(national/local leaders), political campaigns, organizations, interest groups, public information officers, and public relations professionals. Other news organizations refers to how news organizations feed off of each other, borrowing stories from one another or at times paying for them. It is widely known that the New York Times is considered the intermedia-agenda setter for most news organizations (i.e., most new organizations take their lead from the times). Mccombs[41] notes that "journalists validate their sense of news by observing and the work of their colleagues. Local newspapers and televisions stations note the news agenda offered each day by their direct competitors for local attention. Local outlets also note the agenda advanced by new organizations with higher status. In the US these are the major regional newspapers, the Associated Press, the national television networks, and the elite newspapers in New York and Washington." Many times the executive editor/producer in news organizations have to make the final decision with regard to what gets printed/televised and what doesn't. Finding stories that arenewsworthy can be difficult, but most journalists look for these characteristics throughout the information they collect. These generally are: impact, proximity, timeliness, prominence, importance, conflict, contradiction, contrast, novelty, and human interest. Scanning the environment and looking for these characteristics to ensure a story is newsworthy, is a major part of the norms and traditions followed by journalism.Framing: Although many scholars have differing opinions of what exactly framing is, Mccombs[42]defines it as, "the selection of - and emphasis upon - particular attributes for the news media agenda when talking about an object (the fact of cutting and trimming news stories in order to filter it and shape it as the sender wish) . In turn, as we know from attribute agenda setting, people who frame objects, placing various degrees of emphasis on the attributes of persons, public issues or other objects when they think or talk about them." In other words, it is not just what is said in news reports, but how subjects are characterized and presented. It is through this unique characterization/portrayal of issues/objects that communicates certain meanings to audiences apart from just stating facts and figures; thewhole is greater than the sum of its parts. Entman, 1993 not only defines frames as “involving selection and salience. To frame is to select some aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient in a communicating text, in such a way as to promote a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and/or treatment recommendation for the item described.”[43] But also goes on to describe these four functions: “1) defining problems-determining what a causal agent is doing with what costs and benefits, usually measured in terms of common cultural values; 2) diagnosing causes-identifying the forces creating the problem; 3) making moral judgments-evaluate causal agents and their effects; and 4) suggesting remedies-offering and justifying treatments for the problems and predict their likely effects.”[44] It is through these four functions that the news media can highlight/characterize certain issues/candidates/problems/attributes and/or choose to ignore others. Furthermore, Tankard, Hendrickson, Silberman, Bliss, and Ghanem"' defined news media framing as "the central organizing idea for news content that supplies a context and suggests what the issue is through the use ofselection, emphasis, exclusion and elaboration."[45]When the news media supply the context, select what to emphasize or exclude information, they show us how to think about an object/issue/candidate. In order for this to be effective the audience must be able to internalize the information and “individual’s therefore apply interpretive schemas or “primary frameworks” (Goffman, 1974, p. 24)[46] to classify it meaningfully.”[47] Journalists, political campaigns, and the news media use these primary frameworks as a baseline to make the understanding of issues easier for audiences, thus making them less complex.▪Clearly, trying to operationalize a definition for news framing can be very tedious as subjective definitions vary from scholar to scholar. Matthes states in his meta-analysis of framing literature that, “translation of framing definitions to concrete, operational steps is not transparent in a huge part of the literature. Some definitions are general, giving little information about how to operationalize frames.”[48] UsageThe theory is used in political advertising, political campaigns and debates, business news and corporate reputation,[11] business influence on federal policy,[49] legal systems, trials,[50]。
强大对手激发自己英语作文600字
强大对手激发自己英语作文600字In the tapestry of human existence, competition weaves an intricate thread, shaping our aspirations and propelling us towards greatness. Whether it be in the realm of athletics, academia, or the cutthroat world of business, the presence of a formidable adversary can ignite a fire within us, stoking our resolve and driving us to transcend the limits of our abilities.History is replete with tales of individuals who have risen to extraordinary heights, inspired by the indomitable spirit of their rivals. Muhammad Ali, the legendary boxer, famously proclaimed, "If they asked me what I wanted for my birthday, I'd say Muhammad Ali, because I'd always betrying to outdo myself." His relentless pursuit of perfection, fueled by the presence of formidable opponents like Joe Frazier and George Foreman, transformed him into one of the greatest athletes of all time.Likewise, in the realm of scientific innovation, therivalry between Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla pushed the boundaries of electrical engineering. Both men were driven by an unyielding determination to outshine the other, leading to groundbreaking inventions that have shaped the modern world. Edison's tireless efforts in developing the light bulb and the phonograph were met with Tesla'sbrilliant advancements in alternating current and the induction motor. Their competitive spirit propelled them to achieve heights that neither could have reached alone.In the business arena, the rivalry between Coca-Cola and PepsiCo has played a pivotal role in shaping the global beverage industry. For decades, these two giants have engaged in a fierce battle for market share, fueling innovation and pushing each other to new levels of excellence. The introduction of Diet Coke by Coca-Cola in response to the success of Diet Pepsi is just one example of how competition can drive companies to adapt and meet the evolving needs of consumers.Competition, however, is not merely about defeating an adversary. It is about embracing the opportunity to grow,learn, and transcend our perceived limitations. When we encounter a powerful opponent, we are forced to confrontour weaknesses, identify areas for improvement, and develop strategies to overcome our challenges. It is through this process that we unlock our full potential and achievelevels of success that would have otherwise remained beyond our reach.The presence of a formidable rival can serve as a constant source of motivation and accountability. Itreminds us that we are not the only ones striving for greatness and that there is always someone pushing themselves just as hard as we are. This awareness can drive us to work with greater intensity, focus, and determination.Furthermore, competition can foster a sense of camaraderie and respect between rivals. When two opponents share a common goal and a deep admiration for each other's abilities, it can create a healthy and mutually beneficial dynamic. They may push each other to the brink, but theyalso appreciate the value that their rivalry brings to both of their journeys.Competition is an inherent part of human nature. It isa force that can drive us to achieve our full potential and make meaningful contributions to the world. When we embrace the presence of powerful opponents, we open ourselves up to the possibility of profound growth, innovation, and success. By acknowledging the strength of our rivals and striving to surpass them, we not only elevate ourselves but also contribute to the advancement of our fields and the betterment of society as a whole.In conclusion, the presence of a formidable adversary can be a catalyst for greatness. It ignites a fire within us, propels us towards excellence, and challenges us to transcend our limits. By embracing competition as an opportunity for growth and recognizing the value of our rivals, we unlock the true potential that lies within eachof us.。
强弱的辩证关系英语作文
强弱的辩证关系英语作文The Dialectical Relationship between Strength and Weakness.In the intricate tapestry of life, the concepts of strength and weakness intertwine and dance, forming a delicate balance that shapes our experiences and perspectives. They are not static entities but rather fluid, dynamic forces that coexist and dialectically influenceeach other.Strength as a Catalyst for Weakness.While strength is often revered as a virtue, it can paradoxically become a breeding ground for weakness. The very qualities that make us formidable can also blind us to our shortcomings. Like a blinding light, excessive strength can cast shadows upon our vulnerabilities, obscuring them from our view.Consider the example of a physically strong individual. Their muscular prowess may instill in them a false sense of invincibility, leading them to neglect their emotional and mental well-being. As a result, they may become susceptible to stress, anxiety, and other mental health challenges.Similarly, intellectual brilliance can create its own pitfalls. The sharp mind of a scholar may foster ahubristic attitude, preventing them from acknowledging the limits of their knowledge and seeking out alternative perspectives. This intellectual pride can ultimately undermine their growth and limit their understanding of the world.Weakness as a Wellspring of Strength.Conversely, weakness can also serve as a catalyst for strength. It is in our moments of vulnerability that we discover our hidden reserves of resilience and determination. When confronted with adversity, we are forced to confront our limitations and find ways to overcome them.A physically weak individual may be compelled to develop other strengths, such as agility, creativity, or problem-solving abilities. By compensating for their physical limitations, they not only overcome obstacles but also cultivate a deep sense of inner strength and self-belief.Similarly, an individual with learning difficulties may develop a strong work ethic and a relentless pursuit of knowledge. Their initial weakness becomes a driving force for personal growth, leading them to achieve academic heights that initially seemed unattainable.The Interdependence of Strength and Weakness.The dialectical relationship between strength and weakness reminds us that these concepts are not mutually exclusive but rather exist on a continuum. True strength lies not in the absence of weakness but in the ability to embrace it as an integral part of the human experience.By recognizing our weaknesses, we can identify areasfor growth and development. By harnessing our strengths, we can mitigate our vulnerabilities and turn them into sources of empowerment. The interplay between these two forces creates a dynamic balance that propels us towards self-improvement and resilience.Implications for Personal Growth.Understanding the dialectical relationship between strength and weakness has profound implications for personal growth. It encourages us to:Embrace our imperfections: Accept that weakness is an inherent part of being human and use it as an opportunity for learning and transformation.Identify areas for improvement: Recognize our weaknesses and take proactive steps to address them through education, mentorship, or self-reflection.Cultivate our strengths: Focus on developing ournatural talents and abilities, while also seeking out new challenges that can further enhance our growth.Practice self-compassion: Extend kindness and understanding to ourselves, even when we experience setbacks or feel vulnerable.Conclusion.The dialectical relationship between strength and weakness is a profound testament to the complexity of the human experience. By embracing both our strengths and weaknesses, we can achieve a holistic understanding of ourselves and cultivate a resilient, balanced, and authentic life. It is in the interplay of these opposing forces that we find true growth, purpose, and fulfillment.。
Strengths,Weakne...
Appendix DStrengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) AnalysisStrengthsThe Vermont Arts Council currently enjoys many strengths:1.It has a committed, long-serving staff, whose average tenure is over 10 years.2.Its diverse, creative Board is selected from the membership, with the exception of oneGovernor’s appointee who is selected from a list prepared by the Board.3.The Council enjoys excellent relations with the Governor and his administration, and has for atleast the last two decades.4.The Council enjoys excellent, tri-partisan relations with the Legislature, and has seen itsLegislative Arts Caucus membership swell to more than 45 people of all parties.5.The Council enjoys excellent relations with its US Congressional Delegation who, collectively, isone of only a small handful in the country who scores A or A+ on it “Legislative Arts Report Card”presented annually by Americans for the Arts.6.The Council is participating in the Cultural Data Project as of August 2011 which will significantlyimprove the qu ality of and access to information about Vermont’s core “anchor” culturalinstitutions.7.The Council has prepared itself for a greater emphasis on collaborations and communications(particularly e-communications and social networking) through its current work on fivesignificant statewide collaborations:a. A percent for art program for new construction or renovations in State buildings [“Art InState Buildings” collaboration with the Department of Buildings and General Services(BGS)]b. A cultural facilities capital enhancement program [“Cultural Facilities Program”collaboration with BGS, the Division for Historic Preservation, and the VermontHistorical Society]c. A transportation enhancement project [“The Danville Project” collaboration with theAgency of Transportation(Vtrans)]d.Cultural Heritage Tourism Promotion [collaboration with the Vermont Dept. of Tourismand Marketing (VDTM)]e.Tropical Storm Irene Recovery [“Cultural and Heritage Recovery Team” collaborationwith the Agency of Commerce and Community Development (ACCD), Vtrans, andothers]8.The Council has a skilled and adaptable automated Grants Administration system in place whichhas allowed it to adapt its programs to focus on community and educational grant programs.9.The Council has a strong track record of timely and innovative initiatives to address constituentneeds quickly and effectively:a.“Breaking into Business Workshops” – an incredibly popular (in-demand) two-dayworkshop for artists and administrators done in conjunction with the Arts ExtensionService.b.“Cultural Routes”—a program that provides up to $200 towards the cost oftransportation for schoolchildren to attend cultural activities that they would otherwisebe out of their reach. Priority goes to rural, underserved communities.c.“Arts Partnership Grants”—operating funds given to core cultural institutions thatprovide important collaborative educational or social services in their own communities,in addition to their own presentations or exhibitions.P:\SHARED\Strategic Plan\2013-2017 Strategic Plan\2013-2017 Final Plan Documents\SWOT Analysis app D.docxWeaknessesThe Council has a unique role among state arts agencies. As a private, not-for-profit, 501(c)(3) organization it enjoys considerable independence from state government. However this independence can be a two-edged sword:1.The Council’s advice on matters of policy that directly impac t our programs and services is rarelysought. Council staff and trustees are rarely, if ever, appointed to oversight boards in the areas of education, business development, community planning, marketing, and tourism.2.There is a persistent view that we should be very careful (to the point of limiting) our privatefundraising efforts to avoid developing conflicts-of-interest with our own constituents.3.As a quasi-State agency we have developed over time a calendar and arts directory presence onthe web that does not fully address our constituents’ needs. It was inexpensive to develop, but it’s programmati cally very expensive to run now because of the restrictions on what state-managed information systems can accommodate.4.We have at least two staff positions that deal with functions that no other state arts agency staffin the country requires: payroll, billing, advocacy, fundraising, and reporting back to funders.This has led to a significant reduction in “staff bandwidth” to accommodate initiatives andcollaborations as they arise.OpportunitiesOpportunities constantly present themselves to the Council. Some grow organically in response to constituent needs; others are presented to us on a platter by collaborating agencies. The challenge is always ke eping in mind the Council’s Mission and Strategic Goals.1.State of Vermont Collaborationsa.In response to Tropical Storm Irene, the Vt. Agency of Transportation has invited us towork with them to develop a marker commemorating the storm and its impact oncommunities throughout Vermontb.The Forest and Parks Department of the Agency of Natural Resources has asked us tocollab orate as it explores the feasibility of developing a property into Vermont’s first-ever, year-round State Arts Park2.Statewide Collaborationsa.Champlain College/Marlboro Graduate Program in Nonprofit Management have askedus to help expand their 10-week certificate program to include the artsb.Champlain College Emergent Media Center has invited us to work with them on aproject with an artist to create an artificial reality game about adapting to life in a muchhotter planet.3.Research/Technologya.The Vermont Cultural Data Project will present us with information about ourconstituents that will vastly impact our programs and services over time.b.The Council is developing a new website with much greater functionality where astatewide arts directory, arts calendar, and grant application systems are concerned.c.Social Media is presenting many new opportunities to market and promote not justCouncil grants and activities, but constituent presentations and services as well.4.Miscellanya.The Council turns 50 in 2014. Don’t forget!ThreatsWhile the Council enjoys the relative safety provided by its independence as a 501(c)(3) in Vermont, there are at least four troubling items that threatens its continued existence:1.The Economy. Vermont has a stronger economy than most other states, but there are still largenumbers of unemployed or low wage earning citizens that are not in a position to participate in our programs and services and whose needs require vast increases to social services payments.2.Political attacks on federal and state funding of “nonessential services.” At least the Arts are notalone as the focus of this stage of the Culture Wars as they were in the early 1990s.3.Consumer attitudes: in part due to the economy and to the constant refrain heard in certainpolitical and media circles that the arts are a luxury, many are beginning to believe that this istrue.4.The most imminent threat to the Council is, however, its dependency on only two fundingsources: the National Endowment for the Arts and the State of Vermont.。
我的优缺点英语作文
When reflecting on ones personal attributes,its essential to consider both strengths and weaknesses.Heres how you might approach writing an essay on your own advantages and disadvantages in English.Title:My Strengths and WeaknessesIntroduction:Begin by introducing the purpose of the essay and the importance of selfawareness in personal growth.Selfreflection is a crucial aspect of personal development.It allows us to understand our capabilities and areas that need improvement.In this essay,I will discuss my strengths and weaknesses,which shape my character and influence my interactions with the world. Body Paragraph1Strengths:Discuss your strengths in detail,providing examples that illustrate how they benefit you in various aspects of life.One of my key strengths is my resilience.This trait has been evident in my academic journey,where I have faced numerous challenges.For instance,when I encountered difficulties in understanding complex mathematical concepts,I did not give up.Instead,I sought additional resources and practiced relentlessly until I mastered the material.My resilience also aids me in maintaining a positive attitude,which is essential for overcoming obstacles and achieving success.Body Paragraph2Weaknesses:Mention your weaknesses and explain how you are working on them or plan to improve.However,I am not without my weaknesses.One area where I struggle is time management.I have often found myself overwhelmed by deadlines and juggling multiple tasks.This has sometimes led to stress and reduced productivity.To address this,I am currently learning to prioritize tasks and use planning tools such as calendars and todo lists to better organize my responsibilities.Body Paragraph3Impact on Life and Future Plans:Explain how your strengths and weaknesses impact your life and what steps you are taking to leverage your strengths and mitigate your weaknesses.My strengths and weaknesses significantly influence my personal and professional life. My resilience has helped me to excel academically and maintain strong relationships withmy peers.On the other hand,my time management issues have taught me the importance of organization and planning.Moving forward,I plan to continue building on my strengths by seeking out challenges that will further test my resilience.Simultaneously,I am committed to improving my time management skills through consistent practice and seeking guidance from mentors.Conclusion:Conclude by summarizing your main points and reiterating the importance of understanding ones strengths and weaknesses for personal growth.In conclusion,recognizing and understanding my strengths and weaknesses is fundamental to my personal development.By embracing my resilience and working on my time management,I am better equipped to navigate the complexities of life and achieve my goals.Selfawareness is a lifelong journey,and I am dedicated to continually refining my understanding of myself.Remember to maintain a reflective and analytical tone throughout the essay,and ensure that your examples are specific and relevant to your personal experiences.。
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Mainframes used to be defined by their size, and they can still fill a room, cost millions, and support thousands of users. But now a mainframe can also run on a laptop and support two users. So today's mainframes are best defined by their operating systems: Unix and Linux, and IBM's z/OS, OS/390, MVS, VM, and VSE.
Client/server
Client-server computing is very popular in companies where many users work together. It is a very powerful tool in connecting supporting multiple users.
3) Maximum I/O bandwidth, so connections between drives and processors have few choke-points.
Mainframes
SpeedServe
Online bookseller to ; expects to process >1 million transactions per day
eliminated hardware and networking issues, and is currently only employing 3 of the mainframes 10 computers
Merrill Lynch & Co.
Runs crucial stock market data website on their 10- engine Amdahl Corp. mainframe
which one program, the client, makes a service request from another program, the server, which fulfills the request. The client/server model has become one of the central ideas of network computing. Most business applications being written today use the client/server model. Typically, multiple client programs share the services of a common server program. Both client programs and server programs are often part of a larger program or application.
Based in La Vergne, Tennessee Maxed out Windows NT server with 500,000 book
titles; 85,000 videos; and 15,000 games Chose to invest in IBM S/390 mainframe SpeedServe has lowered labor and support costs,
Mainframes combine three important features:
1) Reliable performance, which is essential for reasonable operations against a database.
2) Maximum I/O connectivity, which means mainframes excel at providing for huge disk farms.
Client/servers take up a lot less room, cost is cheaper, and is more economical. Client/server describes the relationship between two computer programs in
Mainframes cost more than $1 million and debuted over 50 years ago. The majority of mainframes made today are from IBM corp. and continues to be hugely iant on them.
Mainframes Strengths vs. Client/sever strengths
By: Priscilla Rojas
Mitchell Evans Peter Caccamo
Mainframes
Mainframes were one of the first computers used by businesses; they are capable of processing millions of instructions per second and have access to trillions of characters of data.
Employs IBM VM Operating System In 1998 was averaging 18 million hits per
year Use of a mainframe allows Merrill Lynch to
link constantly updated stock info all of the companies internal users, clients, and external web users