小学英语阅读理解讲解及习题

阅读理解及解题方法

上节课回顾：

就划线部分提问：

1.Jennifer has a pair of earrings(耳环).

2.The flowers are in the flower pot(花盆).

3.The monkey sleeps at night.

转化成一般疑问句：

4. Mrs. Li and Kitty watch television at night.

5. I can finish my homework by myself.

6. I have some good friends.

7. They cleaned their rooms and finished their homework yesterday.

阅读理解是英语教学的核心内容之一，也是英语教学中的一个难点。阅读理解主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力，理解能力，归纳概括能力，逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。

一、培养正确的阅读方法。

（1）在答题前通读两遍原文，第一遍可以快速阅读，初步把握内容，了解大意；第二遍细读，抓住主要内容和细节，标出关键词语，也可以先浏览题目和答案，明确要求后再看文章，然后选择答案。这样不但节省时间，提高速度，而且可以抓住重点，有的放矢。

基于学生语法知识很差，我通常建议学生带着问题找答案。

(2)在阅读中不要花太多的时间去推敲某一个单词，词组或句子的意义，有些生词不影响阅读理解原文的内容，而有些与试题关系密切的生词则可以根据上下文所提供的暗示或线索去推敲，在快速阅读中猜测词义。

(3)在理解文章内容的基础上进行分析、对比、归纳，通过逻辑思维做出合理的判断。

（4）重读短文，检查答案。做完后，回头再读一遍短文，检查答案，看看答案和上下文内容是否一致，有无矛盾之处，避免因为疏忽或误解而出错。

二、小学英语阅读答题技巧

1.先看问题，再读原文先看问题，带着问题去原文里找答案，这样比较有目的性。现在问题的形式也比较灵活，有单选，有判断正误。先了解问题具体是哪种形式，在阅读原文的时候才更有针对性寻找答案。小学阶段的阅读理解相对来说还是比较简单的，很多问题可以在原文里直接找到答案，当然这主要是针对单选和判断来说的。先读问题，在阅读原文的时候有的问题一下子就出来了，节约了很多时间。

2.二、通读全文，抓住重点在阅读原文的时候一定不要一句一句的看，一句一句的理解，这样做会影响对整篇文章的理解和认识。如果遇上生词，先不要管它，略过生词继续通读全文。读完一遍能够大概明白文章讲了一件什么事。在阅读的过程中还要注意抓住重点，即出现了哪些人物，提到了什么时间，说到了哪个地点，发生了什么事情，这些关键词最好能用笔在原文中做个记号，因为后面的问题一般都和这些关键词相关。

3.大胆猜词，掌握意思说阅读理解题难很大程度上是因为句子中有些单词不知道是什么意思，这在理解文章意思的时候就会加大难度。但是我们可以通过猜测单词的意思对通篇文章进行理解，可以根据上下文的意思进行猜测，还可以根据单词的构成进行猜测，比如说我们知道happy是“高兴的”，那么unhappy就是“不高兴的”。当然这就需要学生在平时注意单词的构成。

4.反复阅读，深刻理解做阅读理解题一般需要读两到三遍，这样对理解全文是非常有帮助的。第一次阅读把那些能够直接找出答案的题做出来，第二遍阅读就要明白原文具体说了一件什么事情，面白了这个时候对后面一些需要理解能回答的问题这时候就可以解决了。第三遍通读全文，对所做出的答案再确认一遍。

习题：

There are forty-two students in our class . There are also two American boys . They are Jack and Mike . They are our good friends . They like watching TV ,but they don’t like playing basket-ball .They often go to school by bike . And I often go to school on foot . There is one English girl in our class . Her name is Lucy . She likes playing basketball and she also likes swimming . She usually does her homework in the evening . She often watches TV on Saturday afternoons . She is my good friend . All of the Chinese students are Yong Pioneers .

根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。

( ) 1. There are thirty-nine Chinese students in our class .

( ) 2. There are two American girls and one English boy in our class .

( ) 3. Jack and Mike are our good friends .

( ) 4. Jack and Mike like playing basketball .

( ) 5. Lucy often does her homework on Saturday afternoons .

A little boy, Tommy, is walking home by moonlight (月光) .He feels another little boy is coming behind him. The boy stops a minute to listen, looks here and there, and then he says to himself: ―Tommy, run quickly.‖ He runs quickly and gets to Mr. Green’s garden. He still(仍然)feels a boy is running after him. Tommy runs home quickly. He goes in and closes the door. He turns on the light. He looks out of the window and doesn’t see anybody. But be knows that the little boy always comes back after him when he goes out in the evening by moonlight. Can you guess what is it? It’s a shadow.

( ) 1. The little boy thinks ______________.

A. there is another boy behind him all the time

B. there is a little thing behind him only at night by moonlight

C. no one coming with him at night

( ) 2. The little thing comes out when _____________.

A. It is dark and there is light.

B. There is a boy coming at night.

C. It is dark at night.

( ) 3. The little thing ____________.

A. is angry with Tommy

B. hurts (伤害) Tommy at night

C. doesn’t hurt Tommy at all

( )4. The Chinese meaning of the word ―Shadow is _____________.

A. 保镖

B. 影子

C. 随从

阅读理解(三)

There are four people in the twins’ family .They are the twins , their father and their mother . The twins’ names are Lucy and Lily . They are fourteen . They are in the same class in the NO.1 Middle School . They are very good students . They not only work very hard but also sing very well . They want to join the music club . Lucy wants to play the piano . Lily can play the guitar .

Their father , Mr King , is a teacher . He teaches English in a school near his home . Their mother , Mrs King ,is a teacher ,too .She teaches Chinese . Mr and Mrs King are in different schools . But they have the same hobby—play the guitar .

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

1. Mr King is a good _______ .

A. Driver

B. worker

C. teacher

D. farmer

2. Lily can __________ .

A. play the piano

B. draw horses

C. play the guitar

D. play chess

3. Mrs King is a ___________ .

A. math teacher

B. Chinese teacher

C. English teacher

D. doctor

4. Their parents work __________ .

A. in the same school

B. in a different school

C. English teacher

D. in different school

5. The twins are in the _______ Middle School .

A. No.5

B. No.1

C. No.4

D. No.2

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模式，即阅读前通过浏览预测语篇内容，而后从略读到精读多次阅读，不断确认或修订预测，直到理解所读语篇。其中阅读中和阅读后两部分在实际操作中经常柔和在一起，呈现出“阅读---检测---再阅读---再检测”的过程。在这个过程中教师可安排适当形式和难度的活动，即阅读前判断学生对语篇语言（词汇、语法）的理解情况，利用导读活动激活其原有的知识储备，解决其最主要的语言困难；阅读中着重培养学生正确的阅读行为和习惯，引导学生使用基本的阅读技巧，如运用背景知识，尝试联想、推论等；阅读后检测部分着眼于巩固、拓展相关语言知识，并促进与其他语言技能的融合。一.阅读前的活动（pre-reading activities）这一部分可被视为新课的“导入”（introduction）。在这一部分，应充分鼓励学生利用“自上而下”的理解方式。首先构建全文的语义图象，了解文章的背景和作者的意图，然后，再在教师的帮助下，用较高语言层面上的理解帮助较低语言层面的理解，如段落、句子、单词等。因此，教师可以运用启发手段，如问答、讨论等引入本课的话题，让学生适度了解话题内容，同时，应使用提问策略调动学生，培养他们的主体意识和参与意识。问答和讨论旨在激活学生永久记忆中相关的知识网络，使他们产生阅读的愿望和心理准备。

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小学阅读理解8篇训练 1.My Little Cat I love animals（动物）very much.But I love my little cat best.My little cat's name is MImi. When I get home ,she walks to me.When she feels hungry,she meows loudly (大声地）.Now she's very fat. Mimi is very lovely .I like my little cat——Mimi. Read the following sentences,choose true(T) and False(F). 仔细阅读，在下列句子前标上T（正确）或F(错误）。 ( ）1.My favorite animal's name is Mimi. ( ）2.My cat is very fat now . ( ）3.Mimi is not lovely. ( ）4.When the cat is hungry ,she meows loudly. ( ）5.I don't like Mimi. 2.I Love My Family I have a happy family.There are four people in my family. They are my father,my mother, my sister and I. My father is a doctor.My mother is a housewife(家庭主妇).My sister and I are pupils(小学生）。My father is very tall.He likes reading.My mother is a little fat .She likes watching TV.My sister is very beautiful.She likes singing.They love me ,and I love them too. Read the following sentences,choose true(T) and False(F). ( ）1.There are four people in my family. ( ）2. My father is not a doctor. ( ）3.My mother likes reading. ( ）4, My sister likes watching TV. ( ）5.My sister is a pupil. 3.A Bedroom(卧室) This is Tom's bedroom.It's a big and clean room.The desk is near(在……附近) the window. The light (灯) is on the desk.Some flowers are also on the desk.A small table is near the bed .A TV is on it .Two pictures are on the wall. A little cat is under the chair.A football is under the bed . Read the following sentences,choose true(T) and False(F). ( ）1.This bedroom is Tom's . ( ）2.The light is on the bed . ( ）3.A TV is on the small table. ( ）4.A little cat is under the chair. ( ）5.A football is under the table. 4.Our School Our school is NO.1 Primary School in the city.It's very big and clean.You can see many trees, grass and flowers in it .There are about 900 students in our school.All of the students study hard.And there nearly(几乎，差不多)50 teachers in our school.The teacher work hard ,too. Read the following sentences,choose true(T) and False(F). ( ）1.Our school is very big and clean. ( ）2.You can see many trees, grass and flowers in our school. ( ）3.There are about 600 students in our school. ( ）4.All of the students study hard. ( ）5.here nearly(几乎，差不多)50 teachers in our school.

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回视，重读，小声朗读；一遇生词就要停下来……等等不良的阅读习惯在学生中十分普遍。这使得他们很容易把注意力放在某个单词或句子上，获得的信息变得支离破碎，阅读速度变得很慢。如此一来，他们的阅读效果也很不理想。 3）综合运用能力亟待提高《拓展读与写》中有不少题目要求学生仿照例句写句。这种题目学生最怕看到，一脱离了选项，他们就变得无所适从。英语在不少学生当中还是停留在简单的认读填词上，综合运用能力明显不足。 4）课外阅读时间不足跟提高语文能力就需多读多练一样，仅靠课堂上的时间阅读，效果又是十分有限的。英语能力的提高也离不开大量的课外阅读。现在有大量的书籍和网站提供这样的资料，但是学生能主动地寻找并阅读的人实在少之又少。 2，教师自身的问题 1）如何设计一堂阅读课？阅读课跟普通的课文授课不同，它是在课文的基础上进行补充拓展。不能把它上成精读课的样子。可是学生在词汇，句子的理解上又需要老师大量的指导才能完成一篇文章的阅读，更不要提那些习题，活动的辅导了。如何上一堂高效的阅读课成为教师的难题。 2）如何指导学生阅读？

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