有机化学汉译英作业

有机化学翻译作业

噻吩，系统名1-硫杂-2,4-环戊二烯，CAS号110-02-1。从结构式上看，噻吩是一种杂环化合物，也是一种硫醚。分子式C4H4S，分子量84.14。熔点-38℃，沸点84℃，密度1.051g/cm3。在常温下，噻吩是一种无色、有恶臭、能催泪的液体。噻吩天然存在于石油中，含量可高达数个百分点。工业上，用于乙基醇类的变性。和呋喃一样，噻吩是芳香性的。硫原子2对孤电子中的一对与2个双键共轭，形成离域Π键。噻吩的芳香性仅略弱于苯。

简介：

噻吩,含有一个硫杂原子的五元杂环化合物。由煤焦油分馏得到的粗苯和粗萘中，粗苯中含约0.5%。由于它的沸点为84℃，与苯接近，很难用蒸馏的方法将它们分开。溶于乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、苯等。噻吩具有芳香性，与苯相似，比苯更容易发生亲电取代反应，主要取代在2位上。噻吩2位上的氢也很容易被金属取代，生成汞和钠等的衍生物。噻吩环系对氧化剂具有一定的稳定性，例如，烷基取代的噻吩氧化后可以形成噻吩羧酸。用金属钠在液氨和甲醇溶液内还原噻吩，可得二氢噻吩，以及某些开环化合物。用催化氢化法还原噻吩，可得四氢噻吩。工业上噻吩用丁烷与硫作用制取。实验室中噻吩用1，4-二羰基化合物与三硫化二磷反应制取。乙酰基丁酮与硫化磷反应，能生成2，5-二甲基噻吩。噻吩在许多场合可代替苯，用作制取染料和塑料的原料，但由于性质较为活泼，一般不如由苯制造出来的产品性质优良。噻吩也可用作溶剂。

噻吩用途：

噻吩类杂环化合物的新用途不断被开发出来。贝尔实验室不久前发现了噻吩聚合后可成为具有超导性质的塑料，而且成本低，有望广泛用于量子计算机及超导电子设备等领域。改变噻吩聚合物的分子构造提高超导温度，可制成各种超导塑料，应用于航空、航天、军工等高科技领域。

噻吩可用于制造染料、医药和树脂、合成新型广谱抗菌素先锋霉素；用于彩色影片制造及特技摄影；合成一些复杂的试剂；

危险性概述:

本品是中闪点易燃液体。其危险性符合《常用危险化学品的分类及标志》（GB13690-92）危险特性第5.97、5.109、5.110。即其蒸气与空气形成爆炸性混合物，遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂能发生强烈反应。其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇火源引着回燃。若遇高热，容器内压增大，有开裂和爆炸的危险。按危险化学品包装标志为：标志7“易燃液体”标志。《危险化学品安全标签编写规定》GB15258-1999中应以“警告”为警示用语。

毒性及健康:

本品侵入途径为吸入、食入、经皮吸收。

LD =1400mg/kg(大鼠经口)，LC =9500mg/m³2小时（小鼠吸入）。

麻醉剂，也具有引起兴奋和痉挛的作用，其蒸气刺激呼吸道粘膜。对造血系统亦有毒性作用（损害骨髓中白细胞的生命）。

安全措施：

消防：

灭火用泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。

急救：

皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣服，立即用流动清水彻底冲洗；

眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，立即用流动清水彻底冲洗。

吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。呼吸困难时给输氧，呼吸停止时，立即进行人工呼吸，

就医。

食入：误服者给饮大量温水，催吐，就医。

————摘自百度百科

译文：

Thiophene，system name is 1 - sulfur impurity - 2, 4 - cyclopentadiene, CAS number is 110-02-1. Looking from the structural formula, thiophene is a kind of heterocyclic compound, is also a kind of sulfide. Molecular formula is C4H4S. Molecular weight is 84.14. The melting point and boiling point are -38℃and 84℃. At room temperature, thiophene is a colorless liquid with a stench, and can be lachrymatory. Thiophene naturally exists in oil, and the content can be up to several percentage points. In industry, it is used to denature ethyl alcohol. Just like furan, thiophene is aromaticity. One of the two lone electron pairs in sulfur atoms conjugates with two double bonds, which forms the domain Π keys. The aromaticity of thiophene is only slightly weaker than benzene.

Brief introduction:

Thiophene is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing sulfur atoms. Because its boiling point is 84 ℃which is close to benzene, it is difficult to use the method of distillation to separate them. It is Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, benzene, etc. Thiophene has aromaticity, which is similar to benzene. It is more easily for thiophene to have electrophilic reaction, and mainly displace on 2-position. The 2-position-hydrogen in thiophene is also easy to be replaced by metal, generating the derivatives of mercury, sodium and so on. The ring system of Thiophene has certain stability to antioxidant, for example, thiophene carboxylic acid can be formed after the alkylation of thiophene. With sodium deoxidizing thiophene in liquid ammonia or methanol solution, we can get dihydrogen thiophene, and some open loop compounds. By catalytic reduction of thiophene, we can get tetrahydrothiophene. Industry use butane and sulfur to make thiophene. In laboratory thiophene is prepared by 1, 4 - dicarbonyl compounds reacting with phosphorus trisulfide. Acetyl butanone reacting with phosphorus sulfide can generate 2, 5 - dimethyl thiophene. Thiophene can substitute benzene in many occasions, and be used as raw materials of making dyes and plastic, but due to the more lively nature, generally the nature of the product made by benzene is better. Thiophene also can be used as a solvent.

Uses：

New uses of Thiophene heterocyclic compound have been developed. Bell LABS recently discovered that thiophene can be plastic after polymerization, with characteristics of superconducting and low cost, which is expected to be widely used in quantum computers and superconducting electronic devices, etc. Changing the molecular structure of thiophene polymers to improve superconducting temperature, can be made into many kinds of superconducting plastic, which is used in aviation, aerospace, military industry and other high-tech fields.

Thiophene can be used to make dye, medicine, and resin, synthetic new broad spectrum antibiotic cephalothin; used in color film making and special photography, and in synthesis of some complex reagents.

Risks:

This product is flammable liquid with middle flash point. The danger is in accordance with “the commonly used the classification of dangerous chemicals and mark” (GB13690-92) risk characteristics, 5.109, 5.110, 5.97. If the explosive mixture formed by its vapor and air encounter the burning flame, high heat, there will be an explosion. It can have strong reaction with antioxidants. Its vapor is heavier than air, and can spread in the low to very far, and when meeting fire it will lead back to the burning. If encounter high heat, container’s pressure will increase, and be under the risk of cracking and explosion. According to the dangerous chemicals packing marks, its logo is “7”, which is "flammable liquid" logo. In “The hazardous chemical materials safety label written regulations” GB15258-1999 should be "warning" as the warning language.

The toxicity and health:

The intrusive way of thiophene is inhalation, eat and percutaneous absorption. LD = 1400 mg/kg (through the mouth of rats), LC = 9500 mg/m&sup 3; 2 hours (suction in mice).

It’s a kind of anesthetic, and also has the effects that cause excitement and cramps, and the steam can stimulate respiratory mucous membrane. It also has toxic effects on the hematopoietic system (damage to the life of white blood cells in bone marrow). Safety precautions:

Fire: Put out the fire with foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder, sand.

First-aid:

If contact with skin: Remove contaminated clothing and thoroughly rinse immediately with flowing water.

If contact with eyes: Immediately filed the eyelid, thoroughly rinse immediately with flowing water.

If inhalation: Immediately escape from the scene to place with fresh air.

If have difficulty to breathe, perform oxygen therapy. When respiratory arrest, give artificial respiration and go to a doctor immediately.

If eat in: drink plenty of warm water, vomit and seek medical attention.

------from Baidupedia