《专业英语》-建筑翻译题

Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings. A wider definition would include within its scope the design of the total built environment, from the macro level of town planning, urban design and landscape to the microlevel of furniture and product design. Architecture, equally importantly, also refers to the product of such a design.

建筑学（或建筑设计）是设计建筑的艺术和科学。一个更广泛的定义是包括建筑范围内的总体环境设计，宏观上包括城市规划，城市和景观设计，微观上包括家具和产品设计。建筑也是指像这样设计而成的产品.

Architecture is a multi-disciplinary field, including within its fold mathematics, science, art, technology, social sciences, politics, history, philosophy, and so on. In Vitruvius' words, "Architecture is a science, arising out of many other sciences, and adorned with much and varied learning: by the help of which a judgment is formed of those works which are the result of other arts".

建筑是一个多学科领域，包括在其倍数学，科学，艺术，技术，社会科学，政治，历史，哲学，等等。维特鲁威认为"建筑学是产生于多种学科的一门科学，充满了深邃且丰富的学问：建筑学是人们借助于多学科融合而成的知识体系而形成的一种判断体系，是其他艺术成果发展的结晶。

Theory is the result of that reasoning which demonstrates and explains that the material wrought has been so converted as to answer the end proposed.

理论是推理的结果，它展示并解释了那些已经加工过的材料再被转变是为了达到最终合理的结果.

自己翻译的不是很准仅供参考by:肖莹莹

In Europe in the Classical and Medieval periods, buildings were not attributed to specific individual architects who remained anonymous. Guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trade.

古典和中世纪时期在欧洲，建筑不会由那些特定的不知名的个体建筑师设计。建筑都是由工匠门所组成的公会去设计建造. by肖莹莹

With the Renaissance and its emphasis on the individual and humanity rather than religion, and with all its attendant progess and achievements, a new chapter began.

随着文艺的复兴越发的强调人本主义，而不是宗教，与此同时也取得了很大的进步和成就，一个新的篇章开始了。

At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved were within the scope of the generalist.

在这个阶段，一个艺术家仍有可能参与桥梁的设计,其涉及的结构计算的水平是在通才(所涉及的范围)之内的. by肖莹莹

Architecture now required a team of professionals in its making, an architect being one among the many, sometimes the leader, sometimes not. This is the state of the profession today.

现在在设计建筑时需要专业的团队，建筑师是其中的一员，有时充当领导者，有时不是。这是该行业的现状。

However,most of them are still designed by people themselves or masons as in developing countries,or through standardised production as in developed countries.

然而，大多数还是通过发展中国家的人民或是工匠自己设计，或者在发达国家进行标准化的设计。

The order of a classical building is like the mode or key of classical music. It is established by certain modules like the intervals of music, and it raises certain expectations in an audience attuned to its language. The orders are like the grammar or rhetoric of a written composition.

古典建筑的柱式就像是古典音乐的韵律或者音调一样。它由确定的构件组成,类似音乐中的音程，它会提高观众的某种期望使之与它的语言相协调。柱式就像一篇作文中的语法或修辞关于音乐方面的术语就请教张子木吧

A column is divided into a shaft, its base and its capital. In classical buildings the horizontal structure that is supported on the columns like a beam is called an entablature. The entablature is commonly divided into the architrave, the frieze and the cornice. To distinguish between the different Classical orders, the capital is used, having the most distinct characteristics.

一个柱子可以分为柱身，柱基和柱头。在古典建筑的水平结构中，像梁一样起支撑作用的结构叫做柱上楣构。柱上楣构一般分为楣梁，中楣和檐口。通常用柱头来区分不同古典柱式，因为每个柱头有各自明显的特点。