最新中考英语试题真题分类汇编英语阅读理解

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编

1．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Meiyu, born in 1995, is from Turkey （土耳其）. She is the youngest child of her family. After high school, many people learned English or Japanese, but Meiyu decided to learn Chinese in university. She learned Chinese for four years in Ankara University in Turkey, and got her name Meiyu there.

Meiyu fell in love with Chinese after going to university. She became more interested after she knew more about Chinese history. She graduated （毕业） from Ankara University in 2017. Since then, more Chinese have been visiting Turkey. The trade between the two countries also needs Chinese-speaking people. "Speaking Chinese means more job opportunities" said Meiyu.

Now Meiyu has been in Wuhan, China for about two years.Besides going on studying Chinese, she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu as well, so she spends her free time on kung fu training with her coaches. Not only can kung fu help improve （改善） her health, but she is also interested in the history and culture behind it. Meiyu said, "The more I know about China, the luckier I feel to have been here. But the truth is that fun and pain go together in the process of learning."

In the future, Meiyu decides to go back to Turkey to teach more students to learn Chinese.（1）Where did Meiyu learn Chinese at first?

A. In China.

B. In Turkey.

C. In India.

D. In Australia.

（2）How old was Meuyu when she graduated from Ankara University in 2017?

A. 22

B. 25

C. 27

D. 18

（3）What's probably the meaning of the word "opportunities" in this passage?

A. decisions

B. orders

C. meanings

D. chances

（4）Why does Meiyu spend her free time on kung fu training with her coaches?

A. Because she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu.

B. Because she has to learn kung fu to graduate.

C. Because she wants to teach kung fu in Turkey.

D. Because she wants to take part in kung fu competitions.

（5）What can you learn from the passage?

A. Meiyu is the only child of her family.

B. Meiyu is not interested in Chinese now.

C. Chinese culture has greatly influenced Meiyu.

D. Meiyu decides to stay in China in the future.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

（5）C

【解析】【分析】大意：中国文化深深影响了了一位土耳其大学生，美玉。

（1）细节题。根据 She learned Chinese for four years in Ankara University in Turkey, 可知，他最初是在土耳其大学学习汉语，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据 Meiyu, born in 1995,可知，2017年她22岁，故选A。

（3）词义猜测题。根据The trade between the two countries also needs Chinese-speaking people. "Speaking Chinese means more job opportunities" said Meiyu.可知，两国贸易需要会说汉语的人，说汉语意味着有更多就业机会，推出oportunities意思为机会，故选D。（4）细节题。根据 she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu as well, so she spends her free time on kung fu training with her coaches.可知，因为她喜欢中国功夫，所以才和教练用空闲时间学中国功夫，故选A。

（5）主旨题。本文主要讲述一位土耳其大学生，美玉深受中国文化的影响，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题的关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

2．根据短文内容，判断句子正误。

Alice was a student in a secondary school. The school was on the other side of the street from my house. Every day. I watched her play basketball after school from my house. She played very well, much better than any other of her classmates. And she never stopped. She practised over and over again, sometimes until it was very dark.

One day, I asked her, "why do you practise so hard? You are playing very well."

"That's because I want to play in the city basketball team," she looked at me and said proudly. "But I'm still not good enough. I must work hard." I was moved by her great courage.

Another day, I saw her crying on the grass, instead of playing basketball. I walked across the street and sat down by her side.

"Why are you crying, girl?" I asked.

"The coach of the city basketball team told me that I couldn't go on playing basketball because I was too short."

But some days later, I saw her playing basketball again, practising even harder than before. I was curious（好奇的） and asked her the reason. "My father told me if my dream is big enough, nothing can stop me." I was moved again.

（1）Alice's school was not far away from the writer's home.

（2）The writer was touched when he heard what Alice said in the third paragraph.

（3）From the passage we know Alice was a hard-working girl.

（4）Alice's father told her that she was too short to go on playing basketball.

（5）Alice might give up playing basketball according to the last paragraph.

【答案】（1）1

（2）1

（3）1

（4）0

（5）0

【解析】【分析】本文讲述了Alice因为不能继续打篮球，非常难过。

（1）推理题。根据I watched her play basketball after school from my house放学后，我在家看她打篮球，可知爱丽丝的学校离作家的家不远，故正确。

（2）细节题。根据I was moved by her great courage，可知当作者听到爱丽丝所说的话时，他很感动，故正确。

（3）推理题。根据She practised over and over again, sometimes until it was very dark 她一遍又一遍地练习，有时直到天黑，可知从文章中我们知道爱丽丝是一个勤奋的女孩，故正确。

（4）细节题。根据The coach of the city basketball team told me that I couldn't go on playing basketball because I was too short教练告诉我，我不能继续打篮球，因为我太矮了，可知爱丽丝的父亲告诉她，她太矮了，不能继续打篮球是错的，故错误。

（5）推理题。根据nothing can stop m没有什么能阻止我，可知爱丽丝可能会放弃打篮球是错的，故错误。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

3．阅读理解

Are you angry by the noise of your alarm clock every morning? Still feel sleepy after getting up? Now, you can say goodbye to that annoying alarm clock, you needn't hear its unpleasant noise every morning.

The Glow pillow （发光枕）can wake you up with soft LED lights. The lights produce the brightness over 40 minutes just like the sunrise.

The pillow is taking the place of the traditional alarm clock. It was designed （设计）by Eosin McNally and Ian Walton to be against the pressures of a"24 hour "lifestyle.

The pillow uses a kind of LED material below the surface. It wakes the user up with light. The material can also show the time on the pillow's surface, and it is perfect for those who sleep with their heads completely buried（埋）face down into the pillow. 40 minutes before the pre-set （预设）alarm time, the pillow begins to glow and gently brings the user out of sleep. The natural waking process helps to set "body clock" and makes people build a healthy sleep-and-wake habit slowly.

（1）The noise of the alarm clock makes people .

A. angry

B. relaxed

C. happy

D. excited

（2）The pillow wakes people up with .

A. smell

B. sound

C. light

D. touch

（3）The Glow Pillow can take the place of .

A. LED lights

B. the alarm clock

C. the sunrise

D. people

（4）The waking process is helpful to .

A. be against the pressures

B. bury their faces

C. build a healthy habit fast

D. set "body clock"

（5）Which is the best title for this passage?

A. Body clock is useful to people

B. Glow Pillow brings you out of sleep

C. Two men created a new product

D. A new kind of LED lights wakes you up

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

（5）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文介绍了一款新星的枕头：发光枕头，它可以用柔和的LED灯唤醒你。灯光产生的亮度超过40分钟，就像日出一样。它是由伊森·麦克纳利和伊恩·沃尔顿设计的。枕头的表面下面是一种LED材料。它用光唤醒用户。让人们慢慢养成健康的睡眠和觉醒习惯。

（2）细节理解题，根据Are you angry by the noise of your alarm clock every morning?可知，闹钟的响声会让人着急，故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据The Glow pillow （发光枕）can wake you up with soft LED lights.可知，发光枕头利用光线唤醒人们，故答案是C。

（3）细节理解题，根据The pillow is taking the place of the traditional alarm clock.可知，发光枕头正在取代传统的闹钟，故答案是B。

（4）细节理解题，根据The natural waking process helps to set "body clock"可知，这种自然的进程有助于设置生物钟，故答案是D。

（5）标题判断题，根据文章内容可知，文章介绍了发光枕头，它可以将你唤醒，故答案是B。

【点评】考查阅读理解题，本文涉及到了细节理解题和标题判断题两种题型，细节理解题比较简单，一般可以直接在短文中找到答案，标题判断题则需要在从分理解文章的基础上，归纳文章中心，凝练句式得到答案。

4．阅读理解

Do you often listen to music at loud volumes? You should know that this habit is bad for your hearing, according to the World Health Organization （WHO）.

Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss because of listening to loud noise for long periods of time, WHO said. Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing.

The United Nations has standards for safe listening. It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 decibels （dB 分贝） for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB.

Loud noise is harmful to the inner ear （内耳）. Most of us are born with about 16,000 hair cells （听毛细胞） in our inner ears. These cells detect （探测） sounds. However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. This is what causes hearing loss.

Some people might think that their music isn't all that loud. But this can depend on where you

are. For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, you might feel uncomfortable.

WHO said the "safe level" for most sound is below 80 decibels for up to 40 hours a week. A level of 80 decibels is roughly equal to the noise of a subway.

（1）According to the story, WHO suggests that it is NOT safe to _____.

A. listen to music every day

B. watch TV for over an hour

C. listen to loud sounds for a long time

D. go to a rock concert

（2）The sound level of a busy road is about _____.

A. 80 dB

B. 85 dB

C. 100 dB

D. 115 dB

（3）Why can listening to loud music cause hearing problems?

A. Because it puts our brains under great pressure.

B. Because it can cause hair cells in the inner ear to die.

C. Because it prevents our ears from resting.

D. Because it allows people to get used to listening to loud sounds.

（4）What does the fifth paragraph tell us?

A. People love to listen to loud music.

B. It's reasonable to listen to loud music in some places.

C. People are likely to listen to music on the subway.

D. People don't always realize how loud their music is.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文讲述了高分贝音量对人听觉的伤害，许多人失去了听力。告诫人们听音乐，特别是用耳机听音乐时要关小音量。世卫组织说，大多数声音的“安全水平”在80分贝以下，一周可长达40小时。

（1）细节理解题。由The United Nations has standards for safe listening. It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 decibels （dB 分贝） for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes.联合国有安全倾听的标准。听8小时大于85分贝（分贝）或15分钟大于100分贝的声音是不安全的，可知听长时间的噪音是不安全的，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。由第二段最后句The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB.可知繁忙道路的声音约为85分贝，故选B。

（3）细节理解题。由 listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. This is what causes hearing loss.可知噪音导致听力问题是因为长时间听大噪音会使这些细胞工作得太辛苦，导致其中一些细胞死亡，故选B。

（4）细节理解题。由 Some people might think that their music isn't all that loud. 有些人可能认为他们的音乐没有那么响亮。可知也就是人们并不总是意识到他们的音乐有多响亮，故

选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

5．阅读理解

Who were your best friends five years ago? Is there anyone you would really like to see again? In 1999, Julie Pankhurst, a computer programmer from London, was thinking about her past-and especially the people she used to go to school with.

Julie looked on the Internet for a website to help her find her old school friends. But there was nothing. So Julie and her husband, Steve, started their own website. They called it Friends Reunited.

The site grew slowly at first, but soon they received their first "thank you" email. The man wrote, "Thank you so much. Using your website, I found an old friend from thirty years ago！"Julie and Steve were very excited about this and continued to improve their website. By the end of 2000, there were 3,000 members.

The next year was really hard work for the couple.

In January, a national radio station mentioned their website. Their membership doubled in one week! People were talking about the website all over the country, and it became a full-time job for Julie and Steve. In a year, they had four million members!

Now, over fifteen million people in lots of different countries use Friends Reunited to find old school friends, work colleagues and neighbors. Some of the stories which people tell Julie and Steve are amazing. For example, David Webster lost his memory in a car crash. He used the website to find old school friends, and they helped him remember his past.

Julie's simple idea gave us a national obsession（痴迷）-getting in touch with old friends and hearing their news. And it made her and Steve very rich in 2005, they sold Friends Reunited for ￡120 million!

（1）Julie and Steve started the website because .

A. Julie wanted to find some old friends

B. they knew it was an original idea

C. Julie was bored in her job

D. they wanted to make new friends

（2）In 2001, Julie and Steve .

A. both appeared on a radio show

B. got four million new members

C. found all their old school friends

D. worked on the website almost every day

（3）David Webster used Friends Reunited to .

A. organize a school reunion

B. help people injured in car accidents

C. set up a new radio station

D. find people who know about his past

（4）Now Julie and Steve are .

A. no longer the owners of Friends Reunited

B. TV stars in England

C. have over 15 million fans on their micro blog

D. working on a new website

（5）The main topic of the passage is .

A. a woman who met her husband on the Internet

B. a couple who wanted more friends.

C. a website that helps you find old friends

D. a man who needs help in a car accident

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

（5）C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了Julie和Steve建立了帮助找到老朋友的网址。

（1）细节题。根据Julie looked on the Internet for a website to help her find her old school friends.可知建立网址的目的是找到老朋友，故选A。

（2）细节题。根据it became a full-time job for Julie and Steve.可知他们做了全职工作，即几乎每天都在网址上工作，故选D。

（3）细节题。根据Julie looked on the Internet for a website to help her find her old school friends.可知目的是找到老朋友，故选D。

（4）细节题。根据they sold Friends Reunited for ￡120 million!可知他们把网址卖了，即不再拥有这个网址，故选A。

（5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了Julie和Steve建立了帮助找到老朋友的网址。故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

6．阅读理解

When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.

At the age of 9, his father married his stepmother. At that time they lived poorly in the countryside while his stepmother was from a wealthy family.

His father introduced Hill to his stepmother as he said, "Dear, I hope you notice in the entire shire this is the worst boy, who has made me have no other way. Maybe before tomorrow morning he will throw a stone at you, or do a bad thing you will never imagine."

To Hill's surprise, his stepmother went up to him with a smile, held up his head and looked at him carefully. She then turned around to tell her husband, "You're wrong. He is not the worst boy

in the entire shire, but the cleverest and most creative boy. Only he doesn't find a place to show himself."

His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. Then he started building friendship with his stepmother. And this became the drive of his life, making him create 28 successful golden rules, which helped tens of thousands of ordinary people walk on the road to success.

Before his stepmother came, no one praised him smart, and his father and neighbors considered him as a bad boy. However, his stepmother's words changed his life.

When Hill was 14 years old, his stepmother bought him a used typewriter and said to him, "I believe you will become a writer." Hill accepted his stepmother's gift and expectation, and started writing things to a local newspaper. He understood his stepmother's strong feeling of interest in his family while he saw with his own eyes she had changed his family. Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to.

The strength from his stepmother made him a rich man and famous writer in the United States and one of the most important persons in the 20th century.

Praise will never be unnecessary, especially for children. Sincere （真诚的） praise may be better than 10,000 bad words.

（1）What did people think of Hill before the age of nine?

A. lever.

B. Creative.

C. Unfriendly.

D. Stupid.

（2）Which of the following is WRONG about Hill?

A. He accepted his stepmother's typewriter.

B. He failed to do as he was expected.

C. He started writing to a local newspaper.

D. He understood his stepmother.

（3）The writer is most probably an expert of _________.

A. house building

B. diet

C. news writing

D. education

（4）The passage was written mainly to tell us that _________.

A. children should be praised

B. Hill's father married again

C. Hill's stepmother was kind to him

D. Hill's father was cruel to him

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】大意:一个在别人眼里是最坏的男孩的Hill，他继母的来临后，继母几句表扬的话改变了聪明的一生，他继母的力量让他成为一名富人作家和美国最重要的人物，作者以Hill事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性。

（1）推断题。根据When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.可知，他九岁之前，人们认为他是一个出了名的坏小孩，可推出坏小孩一般对他人都是不友好的，故选C。

（2）细节题。根据started writing things to a local newspaper.and famous writer in the United States可知，Hill没有辜负继母的期望，B选项与原文不符，故选B。

（3）推断题。作者以Hill事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性，可推出作者应该是教育方面

的专家，故选D。

（4）主旨题。作者以Hill事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题、推断题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要根据上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

7．阅读理解

In Britain. Boxing Day is usually celebrated on December 26th, which is the following day after Christmas Day. However, strictly speaking, Boxing Day is the first weekday after Christmas. Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday. This means it's a non-working day in the whole of Britain. When Boxing Day falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday is the public holiday.

The exact origin（起源）of the holiday is unclear. One of the thoughts is that during the Middle Ages, when great sailing ships were setting off to discover new land, a Christmas Box was placed by a priest（神父）on each ship. Those sailors who wanted to ensure a safe return would drop money into the box. It was sealed up and kept on board until the ship came home safely. Then the box was handed over to the priest in exchange for the saying of a mass of thanks for the success of the sailing. The priest wouldn't open it to share the contents with the poor until Christmas.

One more thought is about the "Alms Box" placed in every church on Christmas Day. Worshippers（做礼拜的人） put gifts for the poor into it. These boxes were always opened the day after Christmas. That is why that day became known as Boxing Day.

Today, many businesses, organizations and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive by donating（捐赠） their time, services and money to aid Food Banks, providing gifts for the poor, or helping families in need. Besides, spending time with family and shopping are popular Boxing Day activities now.

（1）If Christmas Day is on a Saturday, Boxing Day will be celebrated on____________. A. December 25th B. December 26th C. December 27th D. December 28th （2）Sailors dropped money into the Christmas Box in order to____________.

A. save the poor

B. pay for the priest

C. discover new land

D. pray for sailing safety （3）What does the underlined phrase“sealed up" mean in Chinese?

A. 密封

B. 悬挂

C. 归还

D. 传递（4）The purpose of the passage is____________.

A. to praise the kindness of priests

B. to introduce the origins of Boxing Day

C. to call on people to help the poor

D. to compare Boxing Day with Christmas Day

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：在英国。节礼日通常在12月26日举行，这是圣诞节后的第二天。但是，严格来说，节礼日是圣诞节后的第一个工作日。像圣诞节一样，节礼日也是一个公共假日。这意味着这是整个英国的非工作日。当节礼日是星期六或星期日时，下一个星期一是公共假日。

（1）细节理解题，根据When Boxing Day falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday is the public holiday.可知，如果圣诞节在星期六，节礼日就在星期一，也就是十二月二十七日，故答案是C。

（2）细节理解题，根据Those sailors who wanted to ensure a safe return would drop money into the box.可知水手往节礼箱里方硬币是为了祈求航行安全，故答案是D。

（3）词义猜测题，根据The priest wouldn't open it to share the contents with the poor until Christmas.可知回来之后让神父打开箱子，可知之前箱子被密封了，故答案是A。

（4）主旨大意题，根据文章介绍了节礼日的起源，故答案是B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；词义猜测题，需要根据单词所在的语境，进行合理想象，确定单词的意思；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

8．阅读理解

Why does the sky change colors?

What is the sky? How high is it? What color is it? What birds can live above it? These questions are difficult to answer, aren't they?

In fact, the sky has no color. Then why does the sky look blue?

We know that there is air around the world. When planes fly, they need air to lift their wings. Planes can't fly very high. That is because the air gets thinner when they go higher. The same will happen to us if we go high enough. If we go up about 1, 200 kilometers from the earth, we'll find no air there. Some birds can fly into the sky as high as a plane, but they cannot fly or live without air.

Looking up above us, you will see the blue sky with white clouds. It is usually light blue. The color would be bluer when you see on the top of a high mountain. And you will see fewer clouds in the sky between you and the sun.

Sometimes the sky doesn't look blue. When the sun rises and falls, you will see red, orange, and other colors in the sky. Such are the most beautiful moments of the day.

Who can see the colors of the sky high above the earth? The astronauts! They can see those beautiful colors of the sky from the outer space. However, before flying into outer space, they sit in a spaceship high above the earth, and there is no air at all. The sky would be that dark and its color would be black.

Now you may understand that we see colors because the air scatters（使散射） the sunlight. light travels through the air. Without air, there would be no light or colors.

（1）Planes can't fly as high as possible because_________.

A. the sky is blue

B. the wings are heavier

C. the sky has no color

D. the air becomes thinner

（2）When you stand on the top of a high mountain, you will see_________.

A. more air

B. the bluer sky

C. more colors

D. more clouds

（3）In Ningbo, we might see many colors in the sky at _________during the day.

A. 6: 00 a. m.

B. 10: 00 a. m.

C. 1: 00 p. m.

D. 2: 00 p. m.（4）The sky changes colors because____________.

A. it's colorful itself

B. the world is colorful

C. the sunlight has colors

D. the air scatters the sunlight

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了天空为什么是有颜色的。

（1）细节题。根据Planes can't fly very high. That is because the air gets thinner when they go higher可知，飞机不能飞得尽可能高，因为空气变得稀薄了，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据The color would be bluer when you see on the top of a high mountain可知，当你站在高山的山顶上，你会看到蓝天，故选B。

（3）推理题。根据当太阳升起和落下时，你会看到天空中的红色、橙色和其他颜色。这是一天中最美好的时刻When the sun rises and falls, you will see red, orange, and other colors in the sky. Such are the most beautiful moments of the day可知，在宁波，我们可能会在白天上午的6点看到天空中的许多颜色，故选A。

（4）细节题。根据Now you may understand that we see colors because the air scatters （使散射） the sunlight，可知天空会变色，因为空气散射阳光，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

9．阅读理解

When my brother and I were children, we spent a few weeks each summer in the countryside with our uncle. He was a geologist and loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his collection at the university. More often than not, we followed him.

One day, we left early and this time, our uncle gave us two backpacks. "You can help me carry the samples（样本）," he explained.

Sure, why not? The whole day, we walked around the countryside, and every now and then, our uncle put stones in our bags. We were a bit surprised that sometimes he also took some stones out from our bags, but thought he had just found better samples.

We reached the house in the late afternoon. The backpacks were so heavy that we were really tired out when we put them on the ground. Yet our uncle's backpack was half-empty.

"Why did you give us so many stones?" we asked. "I didn't. You did, "he said, waiting for a while before continuing." You did not know it, but I made you go through a little attitude（态度） test today."

"What do you mean an attitude test?" we wanted to know.

"It is something someone once did to me. You see, I listened to every word you said. And whenever you complained（抱怨） about anyone or anything, I added a stone to your bags. And whenever you talked about something in an attitude of positive thinking, I took out a stone. And now look at your backpacks." We did. They were full. "I hope you remember this little attitude test. You see, your negative（负面的） thoughts are like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones in a backpack. The more negative thoughts you have, the heavier your mind is. So look at those bags and start paying attention to what you say and how you say things."

This little lesson was one of the most important I ever had. And I remember my uncle with great love for teaching us one of the most important lessons in life-the power of attitude.

（1）A geologist is a person who .

A. grows plants

B. studies the earth

C. sells stones

D. draws pictures （2）What did the writer and his brother often do when staying with their uncle in the countryside?

A. They often followed him to collect stones.

B. They often followed him to his university.

C. They often studied the stones with him.

D. They often took long walks to enjoy nature.

（3）When the writer and his brother returned home late in the afternoon, .

A. they were tired but happy that they had helped their uncle

B. they wished they could collect more sample stones

C. they found that their bags were filled with stones

D. they were angry to find their uncle's bag half-empty

（4）How did the uncle explain the attitude test to the author?

A. By giving examples of good stones.

B. By asking questions about the stones.

C. By using famous sayings about stones.

D. By comparing negative thoughts to stones.

（5）This article is mainly written to tell us that .

A. we should do science tests from time to time

B. we should spend more time collecting stories

C. we should be more positive when facing difficulties

D. we should pay more attention to our backpacks

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

（5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了跟叔叔在一起的时候做的一个态度测试，告诉我们一个道理，要用积极的态度去面对我们遇到的困难。不要让消极的思想占领你的大脑。（1）词义猜测题，根据 loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his collection at the university. 可知他叔叔喜欢收集石头，并且放到学校的收藏里面，因此可是他是地质爱好者，应该是地理学家，地理学家就是研究地球的人，故答案是B

（2）细节理解题，根据 He was a geologist and loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his collection at the university. More often than not, we followed him. 可知，作者和他的弟弟喜欢跟着他叔叔捡石头，故答案是A。

（3）细节理解题，根据 We reached the house in the late afternoon. The backpacks were so heavy that we were really tired out 可知背包里装满了石头，故答案是C。

（4）细节理解题，根据 I hope you remember this little attitude test. You see, your negative （负面的）thoughts are like stones. 可知在这个测试中他叔叔把消极的态度比作石头，，故答案是D。

（5）主旨大意题，根据文章的描述可知，不要把消极的态度整天装在脑子里，消极的思想越多你的思想越沉重，应该用积极的态度面对生活，面对遇到的困难，故答案是C。【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到词义猜测题，细节理解题和主旨大意题，词义猜测题可以根据句子的前后文根据合理的想象得出单词的意思，细节理解题则需要细读文章，从文章中直接找到答案，或者答案的依据。而主旨大意题需要早完全理解文章的基础上提炼出文章的中心。

10．阅读理解

Few words are spoken more often every day on the streets of Britain than "I'm sorry". This phrase has become such a common response（反应） that it has taken on a lot of meanings.

Saying "Sorry" means to apologize（道歉）. This is simple and easy to understand. We learn it both as a native speaker and as a student of foreign languages.

But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a cultural expression. Imagine this: a man walks down the street, looking down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, towards the man. She sees him, but she can't get out of the way in time. The man bumps （碰撞） into the woman. Who should say sorry? Naturally, the man should say sorry, because it was

he who wasn't looking where he was going. Yet in Britain, it is common for both to apologize.

It is known that British people, like most people, do not enjoy conflict（冲突）.So to quickly calm the situation, British people will apologize to each other.

Other times it may sound funny to hear "sorry". Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter: "Sorry, but can I order another drink?" It is not to apologize, but just to express that we need the waiter. In Britain, sorry doesn't always mean exactly what you think.（1）According to the passage, "saying sorry" is a cultural expression in .

A. the USA

B. the UK

C. the WWF

D. the UN

（2）What does the underlined phrase "take on" mean in Paragraph 1?

A. 从事

B. 雇佣

C. 呈现

D. 拿起（3）The example in the third paragraph is used to .

A. describe a situation that people should avoid

B. describe how "sorry" has another meaning in Britain

C. explain why people should say sorry to each other

D. show how polite British people are

（4）The restaurant example shows that "sorry" can be used to .

A. apologize

B. calm a situation down

C. explain what you're thinking about

D. ask a waiter to bring something

（5）What might be a good title for this passage?

A. "I'm Sorry" Is More Than just an Apology

B. Traditional British Manners

C. How to Best Catch Others' Attention

D. Finding a Way out of a Difficult Situation

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

（5）A

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了I'm sorry在不同场合下的不同的含义。（1）细节理解题，根据 But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a cultural expression. 可知在英国英语中I'm sorry是一种文化表达，故答案是B。

（2）词义猜测题，文章的2-4自然段在讲述sorry的不同的含义，所以takes on的意思是具有，呈现的意思。故答案是C。

（3）逻辑推理题，根据第三段的例子可知，它在为我们讲述sorry的另一层含义，故答案是B。

（4）细节理解题，根据 it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter: "Sorry, but can I order another drink?" It is not to apologize, but just to express that we need the waiter. 可知在饭店，说sorry 是为了让服务员给我们拿东西。故答案是D。

（5）标题判断题，文章主要讲述了I'm sorry的几层含义，通过文章我们知道，sorry不只是道歉，故答案是A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、逻辑推理题、词义猜测题和标题判断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词义猜测题，要结合具体语境猜测出单词的意思，标题判断题题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想，然后凝练句式，找出最接近的选项。

11．阅读理解

Vaccines should keep people healthy and away from the fear of diseases. However, some problematic vaccines found in China have caused big worries and anger among people recently. Since 2011, 12 types of vaccines, such as vaccines for rabies and the flu, have been sold illegally in 24 provincial-level areas. Together they are worth more than 570 million yuan and were sold by a mother and daughter crime（犯罪）team.

The mother, surnamed Pang, once worked at a hospital in Shandong. After leaving the hospital, Pang began to sell vaccines without a licence. Qualified companies made the vaccines, but Pang did not keep them at a low temperature. As a result, the vaccines could lose their effect.

Pang and some other criminals have already been arrested. Local governments are still tracing （追踪）the problematic vaccines in different areas.

Although the governments are working on the case, it has caused worries in the public. Some parents worry that the problematic vaccines could be toxic（有毒的）and refuse to take their children to get vaccinated in hospitals.

But according to the World Health Organization, there is little risk of these vaccines, and they are seldom toxic. The WHO still encourages parents to protect their children's health through vaccination.

（1）How many types of problematic vaccines have been found in China?

A. 12.

B. 24.

C. 570.

D. Not mentioned.

（2）In Paragraph 3, the phrase "lose their effect" means .

A. 有毒

B. 有害

C. 失效

D. 丢弃（3）Why did the vaccines lose the effect？

A. Because they were made by unqualified companies.

B. Because they were not kept at a low temperature.

C. Because they were sold by people without a licence.

D. Because they were not sold in the hospitals.

（4）What is the best title for the passage?

A. Keeping healthy through vaccination

B. The police and criminals

C. Big worries and anger

D. The problematic vaccines

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：近年来中国的问题疫苗引起人们的担心，2011年山东疫苗案发生后，人们拒绝带孩子去医院注射疫苗，政府追回这些失效疫苗，并且世界健康组织证明了这些疫苗对孩子没有危险，也没有毒。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中第二段Since 2011, 12 types of vaccines, such as vaccines for rabies and the flu, have been sold illegally in 24 provincial-level areas。故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据文中第三段Qualified companies made the vaccines, but Pang did not keep them at a low temperature，可知lose their effect意思是失去它们的影响，就是失效了，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据文中第三段Qualified companies made the vaccines, but Pang did not keep them at a low temperature，故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。根据最后一段there is little risk of these vaccines,and they are seldom toxic.，通过世界健康组织可知，这些疫苗没什么危险，而且没有毒。故选D。

【点评】考察阅读理解题，这是一篇叙述文，讲述了山东疫苗案前后的事情，在理解短文的基础上，联系上下文语境，就能选出正确答案。

12．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

Do you think your school rules are boring? Take a look at these rules.

（1）When did some schools in New Jersey make the rule "no hugging"?

A. In 2008

B. In 2010

C. In 2012

D. In 2014

（2）Where are the students at Michigan school asked to keep their books?

A. In the lockers

B. In the classrooms

C. In the lunchrooms

D. In teachers' offices.（3）Mobile phones are not allowed into class in _________.

A. one Portland school

B. some schools in Florida

C. one Pennsylvania school

D. some schools in Brooklyn

（4）Who is the reason for a Toronto school's "no balls" rule?

A. A teacher

B. A doctor

C. A student

D. A parent

（5）Where is the material probably from?

A. A newspaper

B. A website

C. A speech

D. A diary

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

（5）B

【解析】【分析】本文介绍几个学校的规则。

（1）推理题。根据 Some schools in Portland and Florida started the rule—No hugging in 2010. Two years later some schools in New Jersey and Brooklyn made the same rule波特兰和佛罗里达的一些学校开始了这项规定——2010年禁止拥抱。两年后，新泽西和布鲁克林的一些学校也制定了同样的规则，可知新泽西的一些学校2012年制定了“禁止拥抱”的规则，故选C。

（2）细节题。根据 One high school in Michigan doesn't allow bags into the classroom at all. The school asks students to return to their lockers ，可知密歇根学校的学生被要求把书放在储物柜里，故选A。

（3）推理题。根据 students there aren't allowed to wear their Ugg boots into class. It's to stop them from hiding things like mobile phones in the boots 那里的学生不允许穿ugg靴子上课，为了阻止他们把手机之类的东西藏在靴子里，可知Pennsylvania 不允许上课使用手机，故选C。

（4）细节题。根据A parent was taken to hospital with a concussion（脑震荡）after being hit by a ball一名家长被球击中后因脑震荡被送往医院，可知多伦多学校“不准打球”规则的原因是因为一位家长，故选D。

（5）推理题。根据Interested? Click（点击） here to read more有兴趣吗？点击这里阅读更多，可知文章来自网站，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

13．阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why?

Sometimes we feel we are acting correctly when we do the same as others. The more people follow an idea, the better or truer we think the idea is. It's the social proof （社会认同感） that works.

The scientist Asch carried out an experiment. It shows how social proof can influence us. In a room, a man is shown Line 1, and next to it are three lines （A, B, C）. A is longer, C is shorter and B is as long as Line 1. He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1. When the man is alone, he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other men enter the room, and each of them gives the answer C as they were told to. Now the man changes his idea and gives the answer C. Asch got the same result many times among different subjects （实验对象）.

Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a way to keep from danger. Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting （打猎）with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants （后代） of those who copied others' action. It is so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now.

Social proof has special power. The advertising industry, for example, often makes use of it. So be capful whenever a company says its product is "the most popular".

（1）At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by ________.

A. telling a story

B. giving examples

C. answering questions

D. showing a map （2）According to Paragraph 3, the experiment by Asch shows ________.

A. following others is always right

B. social proof may change people's ideas

C. it's difficult to carry out the experiment

D. people can study better if they are alone

（3）The underlined word "It" in Paragraph g refers to ________.

A. running with others

B. hunting with friends

C. copying others' action

D. doing something different

（4）According to the passage, we can infer （推断） that ________.

A. it's important to run with others anytime

B. products in the advertisement are the best

C. we mustn't copy others' action to keep safe

D. we need to think twice before following others

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文通过几个实例说明了社会认知感对人们的影响。（1）细节理解题。 In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why? 可知作者是通过实例说明了一个论点社会认同感的影响。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。第三段的实验内容主要讲让人们选择一个正确答案，在一个人单独思考的状况下，可以答对；当一群人一起看问题，并告知他们前面的人选择的一个错误答案，他们就都选择认可前人回答的错误答案，由此可知社会认同感会让人改变观点。故选B。

（3）词意猜测题。根据Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting （打猎） with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants （后代） of those who copied others' action. 这种观念深深种在我们的脑海中并且现在我们仍旧在使用。可知it指的是人们抄袭他人的行动。故选C。

（4）推理判断题。根据So be careful whenever a company says its product is "the most popular". 因此无论何时当一个公司说它的产品是对受欢迎的要小心。可知当我们在跟从别人之前要再三考虑。故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。先阅读短文，了解短文大意，然后分析问题，弄清题意，再带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出问题答案。对于推理判断题要根据文章中相关的细节进行推理判断，不要主观臆断，要根据作者的观点确定。

14．阅读理解

Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some ways. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.

In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year from midnight on December 31st to January 1st, People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal（正式的）clothes, and they may drink champagne（香槟）at midnight. During the first minute of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead, But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise. They welcome the new year with the first light of the sunrise.

Many cultures also do special things to get rid of（摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes, The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the

past year are gone and the new year can start afresh（重新）. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.

Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year's Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck he will have in the new year. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck on New Year's Day. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year, you have to eat 365 of them!

（1）The passage is mainly about____________.

A. the meaning of "Happy New Year!

B. several different New Year traditions

C. what to eat on New Year's Day

D. why people dress up nicely on New Year's Day （2）It's clear that____________.

A. some cultures celebrate New Year in the morning

B. the Western people celebrate New Year only on New Year's Day

C. people in Ecuador go to parties from December 31st to January 1st

D. no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year

（3）To have a happy new year, ____________.

A. friends talk to each other in special ways

B. families make big dolls filled with old clothes

C. some people get up early to watch the sunrise

D. Europeans eat 365 grapes on New Year's Day

（4）When eating black- eyed peas on New Year's Day, people think____________.

A. one pea brings one day of luck

B. black- eyed peas are the best medicine

C. the peas are too black and taste bad

D. the peas are helpful to count numbers

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了西方国家不同的庆祝新年的方式，

（1）主旨大意题，通过阅读全文可知，短文主要介绍了不同国家不同的新年庆祝方式，故答案是B。

（2）细节理解题，根据But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise.可知，一些国家喜欢在早晨庆祝新年，故答案是A。

（3）细节理解题，根据But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise. They welcome the new year with the first light of the sunrise.可知，为了过一个快乐的新年，人们要早起看日出，故答案是C。

（4）细节理解题，根据 In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year, you have to eat 365 of them!可知人们认为吃一颗黑豆会带来一天的好运，故答案是A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。细节理解题要可以直接从文