it作形式主语和形式宾语

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it作形式主语和形式宾语

it既可作人称代词,用来表示动物或无生命的物体等,也可以作无人称代词,在句中作主语,表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。它还可以引导强调句,使语气得以加强。此外,it在句中能作引导词,充当句子中的形式上的成分,如形式主语、形式宾语等。

㈠it作形式主语:

it作形式主语时没有具体的意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去,使句子显得平稳一些。it作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式:

不定式、动名词和主语从句。

⒈it代替不定式短语

常用于下列句型中:

It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth.

It + be + 名词+ to do sth.

It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间

It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务

如:

①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.

遵守法律是每个人的义务。

(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law)

②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.

对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的。

(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese)

③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.

把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。

(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps)

④It took them a year to build the bridge.

建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。

(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge)

⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.

瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。

(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to stare at people)

⑥It is up to us to help those in need.

帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。

(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to help those in need)

⑦It is not up to you to tell me how to do my job.

我怎样干我的工作不用你来多嘴。

(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to tell me how to do my job)

◆It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.与It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.:

如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格,在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语,则sb.前应用介词of,否则就用for。

如:

①It’s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.

我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。

②It’s important for us to learn English well.

学好英语对我们来说是重要的。

③It’s kind of you to help me.

感谢你对我的帮助。(= You are kind to help me. )

④It was foolish of him to give up the job.

他放弃那工作是愚蠢的。(= He was foolish to give up the job.)

⒉it代替动名词短语:

动名词作主语用后置形式的情况远不及不定式那么普遍,常限于no good, no use, useless, waste等词的后面。

①It is no good/ use having a car i f you can’t drive.

如果你不会开车,有车也没用。

( it作形式主语,代替动名词短语having a car)

②It is a waste of time watching TV.

看电视是浪费时间。

(it作形式主语,代替动名词短语watching TV)

③It is no use asking him.

问他没有用。

(it作形式主语,代替动名词短语asking him)

④It is no use talking to him about it.

和他谈这事没有用。

(it作形式主语,代替动名词短语talking to him about it)

⒊it代替主语从句:

这个主语从句可以用连词that引导,也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。

如:

①It was clear that they had no desire for peace.

很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。

(it作形式主语,代替主语从句that they had no desire for peace)

②It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.

她能否来还很难说。

(it作形式主语,代替主语从句whether she will be able to come)

③It was clear enough what she meant.

她的意思是够清楚的。

(it作形式主语,代替主语从句what she meant)

④It hasn’t been made clear when the new road is to be opened to t raffic.

还没明确宣布新路什么时候通车。

(it作形式主语,代替主语从句when the new road is to be opened to traffic)

⑤It is a mystery to me how it all happened.

这都是怎么发生的对于我来说还是一个谜。

(it作形式主语,代替主语从句how it all happened)

用it作形式主语,把真正的主语从句移至后面的常见句型有:

◆It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder… that…

如:

①It was a pity that the engineer couldn’t come.

可惜工程师没能够来。

②It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses!

令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。

③(It is)no wonder (that) you were late!

难怪你来晚了。

④It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic.

真可惜,这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。

⑤It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language.

英语被认为是国际语言,这是一个事实。

◆It is + 形容词(如:strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important…)that …

如:

①It is certain that he will win.

他一定会取胜。

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