雅思阅读资料汇总
雅思剑6阅读答案
篇一：雅思剑6阅读答案篇二：雅思剑6阅读答案剑桥雅思真题一直是考官和雅思考生的桥梁，对雅思考生来说是非常有价值的参考书。
小编整理了剑桥雅思6真题难点及答题技巧全解析（阅读篇），供烤鸭们参考，还有免费的剑桥雅思资料下载哦！剑桥真题一直是考官和雅思考生的桥梁，对雅思考生来说是非常有价值的参考书。
小编整理了剑桥雅思6真题难点及答题技巧全解析（阅读篇），供烤鸭们参考，还有免费的剑桥雅思资料下载哦！剑桥雅思6阅读部分总体介绍剑桥雅思系列真题vi中的list of headings，段落标题配对题的比例呈明显上升趋势。
cambridge iv v 各有两篇文章有该题型，而且各自只有9道和7道。
而《剑桥雅思6》共有5篇文章包含该题型，一共28道题目。
这对广大考生无疑形成了不小的难度，烤鸭们需要加强对段落主旨的把握能力，下面就是天道小编整理的剑桥雅思6阅读test 3难点解析。
在的主流题型中，是非无判断题(t / f / ng)、小结填空题(summary)、简答题 (short answer)、标题配对题(headings)、其他配对题(matching)和多项选择题(multiple choice)的前三种题型属于技巧题(即使单词量不高也能通过技巧解题)，后两种属于考核语言实力题(单词不认识就无法完成)。
《剑桥雅思6》四套留学类阅读试题的题型分配比例是：雅思阅读判断题45道(28%)，雅思阅读主观题36道(23%)，雅思阅读标题配对题28道(18%)，其他配对题40道(25%)，选择题11道(7%)。
cambridge vi体现出的趋势是判断题仍然属于主流题型，但是其比例较cambridge v略有下降。
剑vi仍然把判断题作为数量最多的一种题型. 而配对题比例已经有所上升，cambridge vi 中的配对题是最多的。
这恰与09年全年的考试趋势吻合，这会对语言功底相对薄弱的考生造成一定的障碍。
在主观题中，summary题型大多数都是针对全篇文章的摘要，而且题量很大，有一定难度。
雅思英语阅读材料
雅思英语阅读材料以下是一篇适合雅思阅读练习的英语材料。
请注意，这只是一部分材料，为了严格控制篇幅，去掉了段落间的连接词，如有需要，请自行添加。
Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals that belong to the family Delphinidae. They are known for their playful behavior, intelligence, and strong social bonds. Dolphins have a streamlined body, a dorsal fin on their back, and a long snout that contains their blowhole, which they use to breathe air.There are many different species of dolphins, including the common bottlenose dolphin, the spinner dolphin, and the killer whale, which is actually the largest member of the dolphin family. Dolphins are found in oceans and seas all over the world, but they are most commonly seen in warm and tropical waters.Dolphins are carnivorous and have a diet that consists mainly of fish and squid. They are known for their hunting skills and use a variety of techniques to catch their prey, including herding fish into tight groups and then taking turns feeding on them. Dolphins are also known to work together in groups to catch larger prey. One of the most fascinating aspects of dolphins is their high level of intelligence. They have been found to have a complex social structure and are known to communicate with each other using a series of clicks, whistles, and body movements. Dolphins are also capable of problem-solving and have been observed using tools, such as sponges, to protect their snouts while foraging for food onthe ocean floor.Dolphins are also known for their playful behavior and are often seen riding the waves created by boats or leaping out of the water in acrobatic displays. They are highly social animals and live in groups called pods that can range in size from a few individuals to several hundred. These pods often work together to protect each other from predators and raise their young.Despite their intelligence and social nature, dolphins face many threats in the wild, including habitat loss, pollution, and hunting. Many species of dolphins are considered endangered or vulnerable, and conservation efforts are underway to protect them and their habitats.In conclusion, dolphins are fascinating creatures known for their intelligence, social behavior, and playful nature. They play an important role in marine ecosystems and are worth protecting to ensure their survival for future generations.。
雅思阅读主题分类整理
雅思阅读主题分类整理雅思阅读考试的题材比较多，文章的主题范围也比较广泛。
今天小编为大家带来的是雅思阅读主题分类总结内容，希望帮助到各位考生在备考中结合有效的练习提升阅读水平，在雅思阅读考试中能拿到一个更高的分数。
雅思阅读主题分类整理雅思阅读主题最新分类1。
自然(14篇)(01) V67-2：英国绿色农业(04) V59-2：圣婴现象(ENSO)「圣婴」一词源自西班牙文，(英文翻译为Christ Child)，意为上帝之子，是100多年前南美洲秘鲁和厄瓜多的渔民用来称呼发生于圣诞节前后，祕鲁附近海域海温异常偏暖的现象。
科学研究显示不仅和祕鲁附近海温的变化有关，也和热带东太平洋和西太平洋之间的海面气压的分布有关，就以 El Nino Southern Oscillation(简称ENSO)来表示热带太平洋大气和海洋之间的变化，也就是一般所谓的圣婴现象。
(07) V35-2：圣婴现象(10) V29-2：减少闪电危害Reduce lightning hazards(13) V25-1：自然周期与生物(02) V66-1：自然周期与生物(05) V38-3：海沙流失Sea Sand loss(08) V35-2：欧洲森林保育European forest conservation(11) V29-3：南非黄金开采(14) V23-2：探索太空生物(03) V63-1：海底热资源Hydrothermal resources(06) V36-1：热带雨林Tropical rain forest(09) V34-1：火山爆发Volcanic eruptions(12) V28-3：全球气候暖化Global warming2。
科技(14篇)(01) V65-3：海底探测船Submarine spacecraft(04) V36-3：摩斯密码Morse code(07) V35-1：桥梁修复Bridge repairment(10) V55-1：计算雅思阅读主题最新分类_文档下载///b-9c8272c2f90f76c661371a8d.html 机化交通系统Computerized traffic system(13) V28-1：人造丝制造The manufacture of rayon(02) V62-2：澳洲医疗与中医Australian medical and TCM(05) V31-2：电信技术发展The development of telecommunications technology (08) V26-1：染料与颜料Dyes and Pigments(11) V54-2：交通工具发展The development of transport(14) V27-1：房屋构造与用途Housing construction and function(03) V43-3：澳洲皮肤癌Skin cancer in Australia(06) V31-3：非洲交通改革计划African transport reform plan(09) V56-2：信息技术与运输Information technology and transport(12) V53-2：城市交通问卷Urban Transport questionnaire3。
雅思2023阅读真题大全宝典二
雅思2023最新阅读真题大全宝典二雅思2023最新阅读真题大全宝典二1〕阅读：Version 311、关于移民2、电信技术的开展3、有关非洲某地的交通情况的改造及过程中遇到的问题感觉：阅读不难，尤其是跟的那本阅读教材比，简单很多！但并不意味我就能一马平川。
但一切问题都出在速度上，时间足够的话都OK。
所以时间是关键！2〕阅读VERSION31第一篇讲移民问题，讲其历史，在各个国家发生的情况及带来的影响许多年份，国家和数字，题目有MATCH和YES、的NO、的NOTGIVEN。
选择，MATCH。
第二篇TELEMUNICATION是讲通讯手段的开展。
从古代的DRUM、的SMOKE、的SIGNAL FIRE到如今的INTER，也不难，有HEADING，填空等。
讲人类最早利用SIGNAL来交流，后来BELL创造PHONE，海底光缆的创造，PUTER应用，INTER冲浪，MODEM，ISDN一大堆专业名词包括选择，答复短问题第三篇讲一个开展中国家施行一个关于改良农村交通的方案〕非洲的一个叫MACKETE的地方的交通改善工程，讲解决非洲TANZANNIA的农村偏远地区的交通难问题！。
HEADING题很难，YES、的NO、的NOTGIVEN也很难。
这次考试中的填空和答复下列问题都很简单。
包括答复短问题。
作文VERSION73。
TASK 1 THE DIVISION OF THE HOUSEHOLD。
TASK 2，PEOPLE CAN GO TO SHOP、的BANK、的WORK WITH PUTER BUT THE DANGER OF THE COPUTER IS PEOPLE ARE GETTING ISOLETED AND LOSING SOME SOCIAL SKILLS。
TO WHAT DEGREE DO YOU AGREE THIS OPINION。
我的口语很糟糕。
第一个问题就答错了，一个叫CHARLES 的老头问我WAHT SHOULD I CALL YOU？我居然答复YOU CAN CALL ME ANNIE。
雅思阅读材料
雅思阅读材料雅思阅读材料是指雅思考试中阅读部分的文章内容。
这些材料通常是短文，涵盖了各个领域的话题，如科学、教育、历史、文化等等。
以下是一个700字的雅思阅读材料示例：The Importance of SleepSleep is an essential part of our daily routines. It is a period of rest and rejuvenation that allows our bodies and minds to recover from the day’s activities. While the exact function of sleep is still not fully understood, research has shown that it plays a critical role in maintaining our overall health and well-being.One of the main benefits of sleep is its effect on our cognitive functions. Numerous studies have demonstrated that getting enough sleep is crucial for optimal brain functioning. During sleep, the brain consolidates memories and processes information, aiding in learning and problem-solving abilities. Lack of sleep, on the other hand, can impair attention, concentration, and decision-making skills. It can also have a negative impact on creativity and innovation.In addition to its cognitive benefits, sleep is also vital for our physical health. When we sleep, our bodies work to repair tissues, build muscle, and strengthen our immune system. Sleep deficiency has been linked to a wide range of health problems, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even a shortened lifespan. It can also increase the risk of accidents and injuries due to impaired motor coordination and reaction time.Furthermore, sleep plays a crucial role in regulating our emotions and mood. Sleep deprivation has been associated with increased levels of anxiety, depression, and irritability. It can also impair our ability to regulate our emotions, leading to heightened emotional responses and decreased empathy. Sleep is therefore essential for maintaining emotional stability and overall mental well-being.Despite the importance of sleep, many people fail to get enough of it. In today’s fast-paced society, sleep is often viewed as a luxury that can be sacrificed for the sake of productivity. However, research has shown that sleep deprivation actually hinders productivity and effectiveness. It leads to reduced concentration, slower reaction times, and poorer decision-making abilities. In contrast, individuals who prioritize sleep are more likely to experience improved memory, creativity, and problem-solving skills.So, how much sleep do we really need? The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adults aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night. However, everyone is different, and some people may need more or less sleep to feel refreshed and energized. It’s important to listen to your body and prioritize sleep as an essential part of your daily routine.To conclude, sleep is a fundamental aspect of our lives that should not be overlooked. It is vital for our cognitive functions, physical health, and emotional well-being. By understanding the importance of sleep and making it a priority, we can optimize our overall health and lead more productive and fulfilling lives.。
剑桥雅思阅读10答案精讲（test1）
剑桥雅思阅读10答案精讲(test1)雅思阅读部分的真题资料，同学们需要进行一些细致的总结，比如说解析其实就是很重要的内容，接下来就是小编给同学们带来的关于剑桥雅思阅读10原文翻译解析(test1)的内容，一起来详细的分析一下吧，希望对你们的备考有所帮助。
剑桥雅思阅读10原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13，which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.StepwellsA millennium ago, stepwells were fundamental to life in the driest parts of India. Richard Cox travelled to north-western India to document these spectacular monuments from a bygone era During the sixth and seventh centuries, the inhabitants of the modern-day states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in north-western India developed a method of gaining access to clean, fresh groundwater during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and irrigation. However, the significance of this invention —the stepwell —goes beyond its utilitarian application.Unique to this region, stepwells are often architecturally complex and vary widely in size and shape. During their heyday, they were places of gathering, of leisure and relaxation and of worship for villagers of all but the lowest classes. Most stepwells are found dotted round the desert areas of Gujarat (where they are called vav) and Rajasthan (where they are called baori), while a few also survive in Delhi. Some were located in or near villages as public spaces for the community; others were positioned beside roads as resting places for travellers.As their name suggests, stepwells comprise a series of stone steps descending from ground level to the water source (normally an underground aquifer) as it recedes following the rains. When the water level was high, the user needed only to descend a few steps to reach it; when it was low, several levels would have to be negotiated.Some wells are vast, open craters with hundreds of steps paving each sloping side, often in tiers. Others are more elaborate, with long stepped passages leading to the water via several storeys. Built from stone and supported by pillars, they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat. But perhaps the most impressive features are the intricate decorative sculptures that embellish many stepwells, showing activities from fighting and dancing to everyday acts such as women combing their hair or churning butter.Down the centuries, thousands of wells were constructed throughout north?western India, but the majority have now fallen into disuse; many are derelict and dry, as groundwater has been diverted for industrial use and the wells no longer reach the water table. Their condition hasn’t been helped by recent dry spells: southern Rajasthan suffered an eight-year drought between 1996 and 2004.However, some important sites in Gujarat have recently undergone major restoration, and the state government announced in June last year that it plans to restore the stepwells throughout the state.In Patan, the state’s ancient capital, the stepwell of Rani Ki Vav (Queen’s Stepwell) is perhaps the finest current example. It was built by Queen Udayamati during the late 11th century, but became silted up following a flood during the 13th century. Butthe Archaeological Survey of India began restoring it in the 1960s, and today it is in pristine condition. At 65 metres long, 20 metres wide and 27 metres deep, Rani Ki Vav features 500 sculptures carved into niches throughout the monument. Incredibly, in January 2001, this ancient structure survived an earthquake that measured 7.6 on the Richter scale.Another example is the Surya Kund in Modhera, northern Gujarat, next to the Sun Temple, built by King Bhima I in 1026 to honour the sun god Surya. It actually resembles a tank (kund means reservoir or pond) rather than a well, but displays the hallmarks of stepwell architecture, including four sides of steps that descend to the bottom in a stunning geometrical formation. The terraces house 108 small, intricately carved shrines between the sets of steps.Rajasthan also has a wealth of wells. The ancient city of Bundi, 200 kilometres south of Jaipur, is renowned for its architecture, including its stepwells.One of the larger examples is Raniji Ki Baori，which was built by the queen of the region, Nathavatji, in 1699. At 46 metres deep, 20 metres wide and 40 metres long, the intricately carved monument is one of 21 baoris commissioned in the Bundi area by Nathavatji.In the old ruined town of Abhaneri, about 95 kilometres east of Jaipur, is Chand Baori, one of India’s oldest and deepest wells; aesthetically it’s perhaps one of the most dramatic. Built in around 850 AD next to the temple of Harshat Mata, the baori comprises hundreds of zigzagging steps that run along three of its sides, steeply descending 11 storeys, resulting in a striking pattern when seen from afar. On the fourth side, verandas which are supported by ornate pillars overlook the steps.Still in public use is Neemrana Ki Baori, located just off the Jaipur-Delhi highway. Constructed in around 1700, it is nine storeys deep, with the last two being underwater. At ground level, there are 86 colonnaded openings from where the visitor descends 170 steps to the deepest water source.Today, following years of neglect, many of these monuments to medieval engineering have been saved by the Archaeological Survey of India, which has recognised the importance of preserving them as part of the country’s rich history. T ourists flock to wells in far-flung corners of north?-western India to gaze in wonder at these architectural marvels from hundreds of years ago, which serve as a reminder of both the ingenuity and artistry of ancient civilisations and of the value of water to human existence.Questions 1-5Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 Examples of ancient stepwells can be found all over the world.2 Stepwells had a range of functions, in addition to those related to water collection.3 The few existing stepwells in Delhi are more attractive than those found elsewhere.4 It took workers many years to build the stone steps characteristic of stepwells.5 The number of steps above the water level in a stepwellaltered during the course of a year.Questions 6-8Answer the questions below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 6-8 on your answer sheet6 Which part of some stepwells provided shade for people?7 What type of serious climatic event, which took place in southern Rajasthan, is mentioned in the article?8 Who are frequent visitors to stepwells nowadays?Questions 9-13Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheetStepwell Date Features Other notesRani Ki Vav Late11thcentury As many as 500 sculptures decorate the monument Restored in the 1960sExcellent condition, despite the 9 _______ of 2001Surya Kund 1026 Steps on the10 ______ produce ageometrical patternCarved shrines Looks more like a 11 _______than a wellRaniji Ki Baori 1699 Intricately carved monument One of 21 baoris in the area commissioned by Queen Nathavatji Chand Baori 850 AD Steps take you down 11 storeys to the bottom Old, deep and very dramaticHas 12 _____ whichprovide a view of the stepsNeemrana Ki Baori 1700 Has two 13 ______levels Used by public todayREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-21Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-E and G-I from the list of headings below.Write the correct number，i-xi, in boxes 14-21 on your answer sheetList of Headingsi A fresh and important long-term goalii Charging for roads and improving other transport methods iii Changes affecting the distances goods may be transportediv Taking all the steps necessary to change transport patterns v The environmental costs of road transportvi The escalating cost of rail transportvii The need to achieve transport rebalanceviii The rapid growth of private transportix Plans to develop major road networksx Restricting road use through charging policies alonexi Transport trends in countries awaiting EU admission14 Paragraph A 19 Paragraph G15 Paragraph B 20 Paragraph H16 Paragraph C 21 Paragraph I17 Paragraph D18 Paragraph EExample AnswerParagraph F viiEUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS1990-2010What have been the trends and what are the prospects for European transport systems?A It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system. Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. There are two key factors behind this trend. For passenger transport, the determining factor is the spectacular growth in car use. The number of cars on European Union (EU) roads saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next decade the EU will see a further substantial increase in its fleet.B As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the European economy and its system of production. In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers have been abolished, the EU has moved from a ‘stock’ economy to a ‘flow’ economy. This phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those which are labour intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users.C The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU will also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic. In 1998, some of these countries already exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five times their 1990 volumes. And although many candidate countries inherited a transport systemwhich encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s. Between 1990 and 1998，road haulage increased by 19.4%, while during the same period rail haulage decreased by 43.5%, although — and this could benefit the enlarged EU — it is still on average at a much higher level than in existing member states.D However, a new imperative — sustainable development —offers an opportunity for adapting the EU’s common transport policy. This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and shifting the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy. The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will ideally be in place in 30 years’ time, that is by 2040.E In 1998，energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of CO2，the leading greenhouse gas. According to the latest estimates, if nothing is done to reverse the traffic growth trend, CO2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by around 50% to 1,113 billion tonnes by 2020，compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded in 1990. Once again, road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the CO2 emissions attributable to transport. Using alternative fuels and improving energy efficiency is thus both an ecological necessity and a technological challenge.F At the same time greater efforts must be made to achieve a modal shift. Such a change cannot be achieved overnight, all the less so after over half a century of constant deterioration infavour of road. This has reached such a pitch that today rail freight services are facing marginalisation, with just 8% of market share, and with international goods trains struggling along at an average speed of 18km/h. Three possible options have emerged.G The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing. This option would not be accompanied by complementary measures in the other modes of transport. In the short term it might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy rates of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport. However, the lack of measures available to revitalise other modes of transport would make it impossible for more sustainable modes of transport to take up the baton.H The second approach also concentrates on road transport pricing but is accompanied by measures to increase the efficiency of the other modes (better quality of services, logistics, technology). However, this approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion. It could help to achieve greater uncoupling than the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion’s share of the market and continue to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the modes. It is therefore not enough to guarantee the necessary shift of the balance.I The third approach, which is not new, comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to revitalising alternative modes of transport and targeting investment in the trans-European network. This integrated approach would allow the market shares of the other modes to return to their 1998 levels and thus makea shift of balance. It is far more ambitious than it looks, bearing in mind the historical imbalance in favour of roads for the last fifty years, but would achieve a marked break in the link between road transport growth and economic growth, without placing restrictions on the mobility of people and goods.Questions 22-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this22 The need for transport is growing, despite technological developments.23 To reduce production costs, some industries have been moved closer to their relevant consumers.24 Cars are prohibitively expensive in some EU candidate countries.25 The Gothenburg European Council was set up 30 years ago.26 By the end of this decade, CO2 emissions from transport are predicted to reach 739 billion tonnes.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The psychology of innovationWhy are so few companies truly innovative?Innovation is key to business survival，and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas. There are, nevertheless, people working in luxurious, state-of-the-art centres designed to stimulate innovation who find that their environment doesn’t make them feel at all creative. And there are those who don’t have a budget, or much space, but who innovate successfully.For Robert B. Cialdini, Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University, one reason that companies don’t succeed as often as they should is that innovation starts with recruitment. Research shows that the fit between an employee’s values and a company’s values makes a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they join, they’re still at the company. Studies at Harvard Business School show that, although some individuals may be more creative than others, almost every individual can be creative in the right circumstances.One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’n’roll emphasises Ciaidini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hi dden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison, a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionise popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.The value fit matters, says Cialdini, because innovation is, in part, a process of change, and under that pressure we, as a species，behave differently, ‘When things change, we are hard-wired to play it safe.’ Managers should therefore adopt an approach that appears counter?intuitive — they should explainwhat stands to be lost if the company fails to seize a particular opportunity. Studies show that we invariably take more gambles when threatened with a loss than when offered a reward.Managing innovation is a delicate art. It’s eas y for a company to be pulled in conflicting directions as the marketing, product development, and finance departments each get different feedback from different sets of people. And without a system which ensures collaborative exchanges within the company, it’s also easy for small ‘pockets of innovation’ to disappear. Innovation is a contact sport. You can’t brief people just by saying, ‘We’re going in this direction and I’m going to take you with me.’Cialdini believes that this ‘follow-the-leader syndrome is dangerous, not least because it encourages bosses to go it alone. ‘It’s been scientifically proven that three people will be better than one at solving problems, even if that one person is the smartest person in the field.’ To prove his point, Cialdini cites an interview with molecular biologist James Watson. Watson, together with Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA, the genetic information carrier of all living organisms. ‘When asked how they had cracked the code ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators, he said something that stunned me. He said he and Crick had succeeded because they were aware that they weren’t the most intelligent of the scientists pursuing the answer. The smartest scientist was called Rosalind Franklin who, Watson said, “was so intelligent she rarely sought advice”.’Teamwork taps into one of the basic drivers of human behaviour. ‘The principle of social proof is so pervasive that we don’t even recognise it,’ says Cialdini. ‘If your project is beingresisted, for example, by a group of veteran employees, ask another old-timer to speak up for it.’ Cialdini is not alone in advocating this strategy. Research shows that peer power, used horizontally not vertically, is much more powerful than any boss’s speec h.Writing, visualising and prototyping can stimulate the flow of new ideas. Cialdini cites scores of research papers and historical events that prove that even something as simple as writing deepens every individual’s engagement in the project. It is, he says, the reason why all those competitions on breakfast cereal packets encouraged us to write in saying, in no more than 10 words: ‘I like Kellogg’s Com Flakes because… .’ The very act of writing makes us more likely to believe it.Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does. The wrong kind of leadership will lead to what Cialdini calls ‘captainitis, the regrettable tendency of team members to opt out of team responsibilities that are properly theirs’. He calls it captainitis because, he says, ‘crew members of multipilot aircraft exhibit a sometimes deadly passivity when the flight captain makes a clearly wrong-headed decision’. This behaviour is not, he says, unique to air travel, but can happen in any workplace where the leader is overbearing.At the other end of the scale is the 1980s Memphis design collective, a group of young designers for whom ‘the only rule was that there were no rules’. This environment encouraged a free interchange of ideas, which led to more creativity with form, function, colour and materials that revolutionised attitudes to furniture design.Many theorists believe the ideal boss should lead from behind, taking pride in collective accomplishment and givingcredit where it is due. Cialdini says: ‘Leaders should en courage everyone to contribute and simultaneously assure all concerned that every recommendation is important to making the right decision and will be given full attention.’ The frustrating thing about innovation is that there are many approaches, but no magic formula. However, a manager who wants to create a truly innovative culture can make their job a lot easier by recognising these psychological realities.Questions 27-30Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point aboutA recognising talent.B working as a team.C having a shared objective.D being an effective leader.28 James Watson suggests that he and Francis Crick won the race to discover the DNA code because theyA were conscious of their own limitations.B brought complementary skills to their partnership.C were determined to outperform their brighter rivals.D encouraged each other to realise their joint ambition.29 The writer mentions competitions on breakfast cereal packets as an example of how toA inspire creative thinking.B generate concise writing.C promote loyalty to a group.D strengthen commitment to an idea.30 In the last paragraph, the writer suggests that it isimportant for employees toA be aware of their company’s goals.B feel that their contributions are valued.C have respect for their co-workers’ achievements.D understand why certain management decisions are made.Questions 31-35Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 31-35 on your answer sheet31 Employees whose values match those of their employers are more likely to32 At times of change, people tend to33 If people are aware of what they might lose, they will often34 People working under a dominant boss are liable to35 Employees working in organisations with few rules are more likely toA take chances.B share their ideas.C become competitive.D get promotion.E avoid risk.F ignore their duties.G remain in their jobs.Questions 36-40Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinksabout this36 The physical surroundings in which a person works play a key role in determining their creativity.37 Most people have the potential to be creative.38 Teams work best when their members are of equally matched intelligence.39 It is easier for smaller companies to be innovative.40 A manager’s approval of an idea is more persuasive than that of a colleague.剑桥雅思阅读10原文参考译文(test1)Passage 1 参考译文：梯水井一千年前，对存活于印度最干旱的地区的生命来说，阶梯水丼是非常重要的。
最新雅思阅读20篇资料讲解
最新雅思阅读20篇济南新航道学校IELTS READING雅思阅读高分必备习题集注：本习题集仅供济南新航道内部学员使用，严禁翻印，传阅。
Contents1.Amateur naturalist 业余自然学家（P3）municating Styles and Conflict 交流的方式与冲突(P6)3.Health in the Wild 野生动物自愈.(p10)4.The Rainmaker 人工造雨(P13)5.Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter 舒梅克彗星撞木星(P16)6. A second look at twin studies 双胞胎研究(P19)7.Transit of Venus 金星凌日(P22)8.Placebo Effect—The Power of Nothing安慰剂效应(P25)9.The origins of Laughter 笑的起源(P29)10.Rainwater Harvesting 雨水收集(P32)11.Serendipity:The Accidental Scientists科学偶然性(P36)12.T erminated! Dinosaur Era! 恐龙时代的终结(P40) ADDICTION 电视上瘾(P43)14.E I nino and Seabirds 厄尔尼诺和水鸟(P46)15.T he extinct grass in Britain 英国灭绝的某种草(P50)16.E ducation philosophy教育的哲学(P53)17.T he secret of Yawn打哈欠的秘密(P57)18.c onsecutive and simultaneous translation交替传译和同声传译(P60)19.N umeracy: can animals tell numbers?动物会数数么？(P63)20.G oing nowhere fast(P66)21.T he seedhunters种子收集者(P69)22.T he conquest of Malaria in Italy意大利征服疟疾(P72)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.文章背景：业余自然学家主要讲述的是有一些人，平时喜欢观察自然界的植物生长，养蜂过程，气候变化，等等与大自然相关的变化并且做记录得到一些数据，这种数据叫做“amateur data”. 本文主要介绍业余自然学家以及一些专业自然学家探讨业余自然学家的数据是否能用，以及应该如何使用这些自然学家的数据，其可信度有多少等问题。
雅思阅读历史类文章——巧克力的历史-智课教育出国考试
智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料雅思阅读历史类文章——巧克力的历史-智课教育出国考试雅思阅读文章都来源于各大著名的报刊杂志和网站，比如经济学人、美国地理杂志、新科学人等等。
所以，小编整理了一些来自于这些网站的文章，仅供参考。
今天分享的就是雅思阅读历史类文章——巧克力的历史。
巧克力的历史文章大意业余作家探讨食物类话题，巧克力的软硬度、发展历史、各个国家对巧克力的不同、历史资料巧克力……英文原文The History of ChocolateThe story of chocolate begins with the discovery of America. Until1492, the Old World knew nothing at all about the delicious and stimulatingflavor that was to become the favorite of millions.The court of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella got its first look atthe principal ingredient of chocolate when Columbus returned in triumph fromAmerica and laid before the Spanish throne a treasure trove of many strange andwonderful things. Among these were a few dark brown beans that looked likealmonds and seemed most unpromising. They were cocoa beans — today’s source ofall our chocolate and cocoa.The King and Queen never dreamed how important cocoa beans could be,and it remained for Hernando Cortez — the great Spanishexplorer, to grasp the commercial possibilities of the new world offerings.1492年，哥伦布从美洲凯旋归来，在西班牙君主面前展示他带回的令人惊奇的财宝，费迪南德国王和伊莎贝拉女皇自此第一次见到了巧克力的主要原料——黑棕色的可可豆——我们所有巧克力和可可的原料。
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雅思阅读资料汇总为了帮助大家在备考雅思阅读的时候能够多多练习一些材料，下面小编给大家带来雅思阅读资料汇总。
雅思阅读材料大集合：美国人整形为了自拍?Plastic surgeons say they're seeing more patients who want facial surgery, and they attribute the rise to social media and the growing "selfie" trend.据CNET报道，整形外科医务人员表示现在越来越多的病人想要进行面部整形，他们认为之所以会出现这种现象，是因为受到当下社交媒体和愈演愈烈的全民自拍风潮的影响。
In response to a survey conducted by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, one in three plastic surgeons reported seeing an increase in requests for facial procedures by patients who wanted to look better online. The doctors reported that between 2012 and 2013, they saw a 10 percent rise in nose jobs, a 7 percent rise in hair transplants, and a 6 percent rise in eyelid surgery.据美国科学院外科整形和再造外科学会发表的报道：接受采访的整形外科医院中，有三分之一的整形医师认为，越来越多的人想要进行整形手术，因为这些人都想在网络上看起来更美丽更英俊。
医生表示，2012至2013年间，隆鼻顾客多出10%，头发移植多出7%，双眼皮手术多出6%。
"Social platforms like Instagram, Snapchat, and the iPhone app Selfie.im, which are solely image based, force patients to hold a microscope up to their own image and often look at it with a more self-critical eye than ever before," Dr. Edward Farrior, president of the academy, said in a news release. "These images are often the first impressions young people put out there to prospective friends, romantic interests, and employers, and ourpatients want to put their best face forward."“Instagram, Snapchat，还有iPhone应用Selfie.im等社交平台，均为图片社交，人们被迫仔细端摩自己的照片，用前所未有的自我批判视角对自己进行审视，”该学会主席爱德华?法里奥博士说道。
“年轻人在网络上发布这些照片是为了结识新朋友，寻找艳遇，同事也能看到，所以前来整容的顾客都希望自己可以更上相。
”In part because of social media, surgeons reported that plastic-surgery patients are getting younger.据报道，整形外科手术顾客呈低龄化趋势，而这或多或少和社交媒体都有些关系。
The annual poll queries a select group of the organization's 2,700 members to get a sense of the latest trends in facial plastic surgery. This year, 58 percent of the doctors surveyed said they saw an increase in patients under 30 coming in for plastic surgery and injections in the last year.这项年度调查询问了这个学会的2700名成员，询问他们对于近来面部整容手术风潮的相关看法。
今年有58%的医生表示，去年一年，越来越多的三十岁以下年轻女性前来接受面部整形手术和面部注射整容。
The study found that bullying is also a factor in young people deciding to get surgery, "but most surgeons surveyed report children and teens are undergoing plastic surgery as a result of being bullied (69 percent) rather than to prevent being bullied (31 percent)."研究发现，受到欺侮也是年轻人决定整容的一个原因，“医患调查结果表明：青少年儿童整容病例中，69%是受到欺凌的结果，预防欺凌占31%。
”Women are still plastic surgery's primary customers, accounting for 81 percent of all procedures and injections, but men are increasingly becoming more interested in plastic surgery.Whereas women more often ask for facelifts and eye lifts, men are more interested in keeping their hair and combating wrinkles.当今，女性仍为整容手术的主要消费群体，在所有疗程、注射等整容项目中占有81%，但男性对整容也越发感兴趣了。
女性整容项目通常为拉皮，割双眼皮，而男性整容项目通常是生发和抗皱。
Meanwhile, in the under-35 category, the nose job remained the most popular elective surgical procedure for both genders, accounting for 90 percent of procedures in women and 86 percent in men.与此同时，35岁以下的整容者不论男女都很中意美鼻，此项目占女性整容病例的90%，男性整容病例的86%。
Have your selfies ever made you feel self-conscious about the way you look?你的自拍照是否曾经也让你对自己的容貌有所思考呢?雅思阅读材料大集合：EQ高也是一把双刃剑如同其他能力一样，情商也是一把双刃剑，既能作为成功的垫脚石，又能成为危害他人和社会的利器。
下面就和我们一同来揭开高情商的阴暗面。
Emotional intelligence, or EQ, is the ability to read and understand emotions in ourselves and others. It is said that emotional intelligence accounts for 80 percent of one’s success.情商也称EQ，是一种读懂自身和他人情绪的能力。
据说一个人的成功80%取决于情商的高低。
That’s almost certainly an exaggeration. But ever since the 1995 publication of US psychologist and science writer Daniel Goleman’s best-seller, Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, EQ has been seen by leaders and educators as the solution to many social problems. In some Western countries such as the US, emotional intelligence is now taught widely in secondary, business and medical schools.这一说法虽然略显夸张。
但是自从1995年美国心理学家兼科学作家丹尼尔?戈尔曼的畅销书《情商:它为什么比智商更重要》出版以来，很多领导者和教育家都将情商视为解决诸多社会问题的关键。
如今，在美国等西方国家，在中学、商学院和医学院中情商教学随处可见。
Anti-social behavior反社会行为EQ is important. But our enthusiasm for it has obscured a dark side, says a recent article in The Atlantic.美国《大西洋月刊》近日刊登文章称，情商固然重要，但是人们的趋之若鹜却掩盖了它的黑暗面。
Weapon of mass emotion操纵大众情绪的武器Recent research and studies show that as people improve their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating others. When someone knows what others are feeling, they can tug at their heartstrings and motivate them to act against their own best interests.最新研究表明，随着人们情商能力的提高，他们会更擅长操纵他人。