SAT语法讲义2(Pronoun Errors)

Some References: ★ A pronoun should be plural when it refers to two nouns joined by and. ★ A pronoun should be singular when it refers to two nouns joined by or or nor. ★ A pronoun should refer to one and only one noun or compound noun. ★ In addition to agreeing with its antecedent in number, a pronoun must agree with its antecedent in person.
注1： 指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指 物，不能指人 Eg. That is my teacher. √ He is going to marry this. ×
this, that, these, those 的用法 1. this（these）一般指时间或空间上较接近的人或物，that（those）常指 时间或空间上较远的人或物 Eg. This is my desk and that is yours. 2. this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物， 有承上的作用 Eg. I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday evening. He hurt his leg yesterday. That`s why he didn`t come.
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TRICK:
If you have a difficult time determining if the I or me is the subject or indirect object, try reading the sentence without the other portion of the compound phrase. Use the word that sounds correct. Eg. Mark brought flowers to the party for Allie and I.
数 人称 格 词义
主格 宾格
单数
一
我 I me
复数
三 一
我 we us
二
你 you you
二
你 you you
三
他她它 they them
他她它 he she it him her it
人称代词的用法
1. 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语 Eg. I am from China. 注1：当几个人称代词同时作主语时，其顺序一般是：单数：you，he， and I；复数：we，you and they Eg. He and I are both college students We and you will play football. 注2：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句 中，名词主语用在主句中 Eg. When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
3. that和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行 词时，只有those可指人 Eg. He admired that which looked beautiful. √ He admired those who looked beautiful. √ He admired that who danced well. He admired those who danced well. × √
5. 用在强调句型中 Eg. It is Mary who is a nurse.
物主代词
表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格 形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词 数 人称 种类 词义
一 我的 my mine 二 你的 your yours
单数
三 他的 她的它 的 his her its his hers its 一 我们 的 our ours 二
Eg. Steve has yet to receive his degree.
A list of the most common pronouns:
The accurate classification
Singular I, me she, her he, him ,it anyone either each, one many a nothing another everything this, that Plural we, us they them these those others both ourselves several many few Both Singular and Plural any none all most more who you what some which his, hers mine
Practice
1. 代替小孩和婴儿 Eg. Look at the poor little child; it has just fallen down.
2. 作形式主语或形式宾语
Eg. It is necessary to buy that dictionary. I consider it important to ask him for advice. 3. 打电话时用于指人 Eg. Hello, it is Mary. 4. 用作主语指时间、距离、天气等 Eg. It is cloudy today.
＊疑问代词 who谁 what什么 which哪个 ＊连接代词 what什么 who谁 that引导宾语从句 ＊关系代词 which……的物 who……的人 that……的人或物 ＊不定代词 some一些 many许多 both两个
人称代词
表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词
Identifying Sentence Errors
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Improving Sentences
Error Classification
Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom
★Using I and me with compound subjects and direct or indirect objects
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Use I in the subject of the sentence Incorrect: Sarah and me went to Las Vegas for vacation. Incorrect: Me and Sarah went to Las Vegas for vacation. Use me in the indirect object of the sentence Incorrect: He gave the gift to Michael and I.
The key point for the use of pronouns is this:
★ Pronouns must agree with their antecedents in both number (singular or plural) and person (1st, 2nd, or 3rd).
2. 人称代词的宾格在句子中作动词或介词的宾语 Eg. I saw her with them yesterday. 3. 人称代词作表语 Eg. -----Who is it? -----It`s me. 注：现代英语口语中作表语的人称代词多用宾格，但在正式文体中 应为人称代词的主格。
人称代词it的特殊用法：
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
Categories of pronouns:
＊人称代词 I我 he他 they他们 ＊物主代词 my我的 his他的 their他们的 ＊反身代词/自身代词 myself我自己 himself他自己 ＊相互代词 ＊指示代词 each other 互相 one another互相 this这 that那 these这些
复数
三 他们的 their theirs
你们 的 your yours
形容词性物主代 词 名词性物主代词
1. 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语 Eg. He put my pen into his pocket. 2. 名词性物主代词的句法功能 a. 作主语 Eg. May I use your pen? Yours works better. b. 作宾语 Eg. I love my motherland as much as you love yours. c. 作介词宾语 Eg. You should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
Sentence Fragments Adjectives/Adverbs Run-on Sentence
Pronoun Errors
What is a pronoun?
A pronoun is a word that stands for a noun, known as the antecedent of the noun.
指示代词
表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词 Eg. this, that, these, those, such, etc. 指示代词的句法功能: a. 作主语 Eg. This is the way to do it. b. 作宾语 Eg. I like this better than that. c. 作介词宾语 Eg. I don't say no to that.