非谓语作补语

★解题思路

①解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）；

②找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；

③搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；

④将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。★分词、不定式作宾补用法要点

一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语

．．．．．的区别

1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如：

I heard her sing an English song just now.

刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。

2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态”。

①leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）

②leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）

③leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事

④leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。）

如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.

你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）

The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.

客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）

He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.

他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）

We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.

我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）

3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。

①have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如

I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.

此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如

Tom had his leg broken while playing football.

Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.

② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）

get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来

如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.

农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。

如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.

I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.

二、下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语

．．：

advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如：

①An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots.

② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.

③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

三、不定式、现在分词作宾补

．．小窍门

下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：

它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。

如：At that time, I found him crying in the street.

He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept y ou waiting for such a long time.

The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.