amadeus glossary

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心理学专业英文词汇【A】

AM 算术平均数ama 半规管膨隆amacrine cell 无长突细胞amacrine 无长突的amalgamate 合并amalgamation 混合种amaroid 苦味质amasesis 咀嚼不能amathophobia 恐尘埃症amativeness 恋爱嗜好amatory 恋爱的amaurosis fugax 一时性黑蒙amaurosis 黑蒙amaurosis 全盲amaurotic familial idiocy 黑蒙性先天白痴amaurotic idiocy 黑蒙性白痴amaurotic 黑蒙性amaxophobia 乘车恐怖症amazement 惊愕ambidexterity 两手同能ambidextrality 两手同能ambidextrism 两手同利ambidextrous 两手同利ambidextrously 两手同利的ambient conditions 周围情况ambient noise 周围环境噪声ambient pressure 环境压力ambient vision 周围环境视觉ambiequal type 两向型ambiequal 两向的ambiguity cue 模棱线索ambiguity intolerance 难忍的模棱两可ambiguity tolerance 模棱容忍度ambiguity tolerance 易忍的模棱两可ambiguity 模棱两可ambiguous case 两可情况ambiguous figure 两可图形ambiguous perspective 交变透视ambiguous stimulus 模棱刺激ambiguous word 歧义字ambiguous 两可图ambilateral 两侧的ambilerosity 两手不利ambilingual 双语的ambiopia 复视ambisextrous 两性的ambisexual 两性的ambisexuality 两性人ambit 界限ambitendency 矛盾意向ambition 雄心ambitious paranoia 夸大性偏执狂ambivalence of the will 意志矛盾ambivalence 矛盾心态ambivalent depression 矛盾性抑郁症ambivalent personality 矛盾人格ambivalent phase 矛盾期ambivalent word 词义对立词ambivalent 矛盾的ambiversion 两向性格ambivert 两向性格者amblyacousia 听觉迟钝amblyaphia 触觉迟钝amblygeustia 味觉迟钝amblyope 弱视者amblyopia 弱视amblyopiatrics 弱视矫正法amblyscope 立体像融合镜amblyscope 弱视镜amblystomas 蝾螈类ambrosiac 麝香气ambulate 行走ambulatory automatism 觉醒游行症ambulatory psychotherapy 自助式心理治疗ambustion 灼伤amelanotic 不含黑色素的amelioration 褒义化amend 修正amenity 愉快amenorrhoea 闭经ament 白痴ament 精神错乱者amentia 智力缺陷American Educational Research Journal 美国教育研究American Geriatrics Association 美国老年病学协会American Journal of Community Psychology 美国社区心理学杂志American Journal of Mental Retardation 美国智力迟钝杂志American Journal of Psychoanalysis 美国心理分析杂志American Journal of Psychology 美国心理学杂志American Neurological Association 美国神经病学协会American Organizational Psychology Association 美国组织心理学协会American Physiological Association 美国生理学会American Psychiatric Association 美国精神病学会American Psychoanalyst 美国精神分析学家American Psychoanalytic Association 美国精神分析协会American Psychological Association 美国心理学会American Psychologist 美国心理学家美国心理学家American Psychopathological Society 美国精神病理学会American Science Information Institute 美国科学情报学会American Sign Language 美语手语American Society for Genetics 美国遗传学学会amerism 分音节不能Ames demonstration 艾姆斯深度知觉演示Ames demonstration 空间错觉演示Ames illusions 艾姆斯错觉Amesametrometer 屈光不正测量器ametropia 屈光不正amiability 和蔼amicine 生长抑制素amimia 表情缺失amine oxidase inhibitor 胺氧化酶抑制物amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸amino acid autoradiography 氨基酸放射自显术aminoacidopathy 氨基酸缺陷病aminoaciduria 氨基酸尿aminogram 氨基酸谱aminophylline 氨茶碱aminosis 氨基酸过多症ammeter 安培计Ammon samnalgesia 遗忘止痛法amnemomic aphasia 遗忘性失语amnesia amimia 遗忘性表情不能amnesia confabulation 失忆性虚构amnesia optica 视觉缺失amnesia syndrome 遗忘综合症amnesia 健忘症amnesia 失忆症amnesic amimia 遗忘性表情不能amnesic aphasia 遗忘性失语amnesic color blindness 遗忘性色盲amnesic 遗忘的amnestic aphasia 健忘性失语amnestic apraxia 遗忘性失用症amnestic syndrome 失忆综合症amnestic syndrome 遗忘综合症amodal completion 变形的完成amodal perception 变形知觉amoeba 变形虫amoeboid movement 变形运动amok 残暴性狂症among groupsamoral character 非道德品格amoral 非道德的amoralism 非道德论amorality 超道德amorality 非道德amorous 多情的amorpha 无定形病amorphinism 吗啡断瘾状态amorphism 无定形性amorphognosia 形态失认amorphosynthesis 形态综合不能amorphous personality 无定型人格amorphous type 情绪淡漠amort 意气消沉的amotio retinae 视网膜脱落amotio 脱落amotivational syndrome 缺动机综合症amount of change 变动量amount of forgetting 遗忘量amount of information 信息量amount of input information 输入信息量amount of inspection 检验数量amount of reinforcement 强化量amount of sweat 汗量amount of transmitted information 信息传递量amount of variability 变异量amount of work 工作量amount 总数amour propreamour 不正当男女关系amp 安培amphamphoterodiplopia 两眼复视ampheclexis 两性选择amphetamine 安非他明amphibian 两栖类amphiblestritis 视网膜炎amphibolia 不稳定期amphibology 模棱两可amphichroic reaction 两性反应amphichroic 两性的amphichromatic 两性反应的amphicrania 两侧头痛amphicroic 两性的amphigonous inheritance 双亲遗传amphilepsis 双亲遗传amphimixis 两性融合amphineura 双神经网amphoric 空瓮性amphorophony 空瓮性语音amphoteric 两性的amphoterodiplopia 两眼复视amphotony 交感迷走神经过敏ampliate 放大的ampliation 运动因果错觉amplification 放大amplifier stage 放大级amplifier 放大器amplitude distortion 波幅畸变amplitude distribution analysis 振幅分布分析amplitude of accommodation 调节幅度amplitude of convergence 会聚幅度amplitude of cycles 循环幅度amplitude of fluctuation 波动幅度amplitude of variation 幅度变化amplitude of vibration 振幅amplitude of wave 波幅amplitude probability density 振幅概率密度amplitude ratio 振幅比率amplitude velocity 幅速amplitude modulatedamplitude 幅amplitude 幅度ampulla 壶腹ampullitis 壶腹炎amuck 杀人狂症状amulet 护身符amusement motive 游乐性动机amusia 乐歌不能amusia 失音症amyasthenia 肌无力amychophobia 恐抓伤症amyelencephalia 无脑脊髓畸形amyeletrophy 脊髓萎缩amyelia 无脊髓畸形amyelic nerve fiber 无髓神经纤维amyelic 无髓的amyelinic fiber 无髓鞘纤维amyelinic 无髓鞘的amyelonic 无髓的amygdala 扁桃体amygdala 杏仁核amygdaline 扁桃体的amygdaloid body 杏仁体amygdaloid nucleus 杏仁核amylene hydrate 水合戊烯amylenization 戊烯麻醉amylobarbitone 异戊巴比妥amynology 免疫学amyo esthesiaamyocardia 心肌无力amyoesthesia 肌觉缺失amyoplasia 肌发育不全amyostasia 肌震颤amyosthenia 肌无力amyotaxia 肌运动失调amyotaxy 肌共济失调amyotonia 肌弛缓amyotrophia 肌萎缩amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 肌肉萎缩性一侧硬化amyotrophic 肌肉萎缩的amytal interview 阿密妥面谈amytal test 阿密妥测验anabasis 病加重期anabiosis 回生anabolic effect 合成作用anabolic phenomenon 合成代谢现象anabolic 合成代谢anabolism 合成代谢anabolite 合成代谢产物anabology 后加演化anaboly 后加演化anacamptic 折射的anacamptometer 反射计anacatesthesia 彷徨不安感anachoresis 摄菌作用anachoresis 退隐anachronism 时代错乱anaclasimeter 屈光检查仪anaclasis 光折射anaclastic 折射的anaclisis 依附性anaclitic choice 依赖性择配anaclitic depression 依赖性抑郁anaclitic identification 依附性认同anaclitic object choice 依赖对象选择anaclitic object 依附对象anaclitic therapy 依赖治疗法anaclitic 依附的anacmesis 成熟受阻anacousia 全聋anacusia 全聋anadipsia 剧渴anadrenalismus 肾上腺机能缺失anaemia 贫血anaemotrophy 血液滋养不足anaerobic respiration 缺氧呼吸anaerobiosis 厌氧生活anaerosis 呼吸间断anaesthesia 麻木anaesthesia 麻醉anaesthetization by acupuncture 针刺麻醉anaesthetization 麻醉anagenesis 再生anaglyph method 视差图像法anaglyph 视差图像anaglyphoscope 反视镜anaglyphoscope 观立体镜观立体镜anagocytic 抑制细胞再生的anagoge 理想精神anagogic interpretation 潜因释梦anagram 字谜anagram 拚字图anahormone 类激素anakusis 全聋anal character 肛门性格anal erotism 肛原性anal fixation 肛门期滞留作用anal impotence 肛门无能anal masochism 肛门被虐性anal masturbation 肛门手淫anal personality 肛门期性格anal phase 肛门期anal sadism 肛门加虐性anal stage 肛门期anal expulsiveanal expulsiveanal rapeanal retentiveanal retentiveanaleptics 兴奋剂analgesia algera 痛区感觉缺失analgesia 失痛症analgesics 镇痛药analgesimeter 痛觉测量器analog code 模拟编码analog computation 模拟计算analog computer 模拟计算机analog control 模拟控制analog data 模拟数据analog display 模拟显示analog network 模拟网络analog psychology 模拟心理学analog quantity 模拟量analog representation 类比表征analog signal 模拟信号analog simulation 相似模拟analog systems 模拟系统analog 类似analog 模拟analogical change 类推变化analogical extension 类推扩展analogical inference 类比推理analogical method 类推法analogical probation 类推论证analogical reasoning 类比推理analogical 类拟的analogies of experience 经验类比analogies test 类比测验analogism 类比推理analogist 类推者analogous argumentation 类比论证analogous concept 类比概念analogous evolution 平行进化analogous inference 类比推理analogous type 模拟型analogue computer 模拟计算机analogue digital conversion 模拟数字转换analogue display 模拟显示analogue method 模拟法analogue model 模拟模型analogue signal 模拟信号analogue technique 模拟技术analogue transmission 模拟传输analogue type 模拟型analogue 类似物analogue 模拟analogy of attribution 属性类比analogy of proportionality 比例类比analogy test 模拟测验analogy 类比analysand 被分析者analysand 精神分析对象analysator 分析器analysis approach 分析研究analysis by filtering 过滤式分析analysis by synthesis theory 综合分析理论analysis by synthesis 综合分析analysis chart 分析图analysis language 分析型语言analysis of correlation 相关分析analysis of covariance model 协方差分析模型analysis of covariance structures 协方差结构分析analysis of covariance table 协方差分析表analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of data 数据分析analysis of human error 人为失误分析analysis of language 语言分析analysis of Latin Square 拉丁方阵分析analysis of learning potential 学习潜能分析analysis of matter 质料分析analysis of motion 运动分析analysis of network 网络分析Analysis of Readiness Skills 已备技能分析analysis of sensation 感觉分析analysis of variance 方差分析analysis of variance model 方差分析模型analysis of variance of factorial design 析因设计方差分析analysis of variance table 方差分析表analysis situs 拓朴学analysis tolerance 耐力分析analysis generalizationanalysis 分析analysor 分析器analyst programmeranalyst 分析者analytic group psychotherapy 分析团体心理治疗法analytic language 分析性语言analytic mechanics 分析力学analytic method 分析法analytic process 分析过程analytic proposition 分析命题analytic psychology 分析心理学analytic psychotherapy 分析心理治疗analytic reliability 分析信度analytic therapy 分析疗法analytic thinking 分析思维analytic syntheticanalytical activity 分析活动analytical argument 分析的论辩analytical chemistry 分析化学analytical conceptualizing style 分析考量型analytical diagnostic test 分析诊断测验analytical geometry 解析几何analytical judgment 分析判断analytical language 分析性语言analytical method of teaching 分析教学法analytical method 分析法analytical model 解析模型analytical probation 分析的论证analytical psychology 分析心理学analytical psychotherapy 分析心理治疗法analytical rating 分析的评定法analytical realism 分析实在论analytical research 分析性研究Analytical Scale for Judging of Handwriting 评判书法分析量表analytical scale 分析量表analytical social sciences 分析的社会科学analytical structure 分析结构analytical system 分析系统analytical test 分析测验analytical theory 分析论分析论analytical thinking 分析思维analytical type 分析型analyticity 分析性analytics 解析学analyze 分析analyzer 分析器anamnesis reaction 回忆反应anamnesis 回忆anamorphism 渐变anamorphosis 渐进anamorphosis 歪象ananabasia 登高不能ananastasia 起立不能anancasm 强迫性重复行为anancastia 强迫性反应性格anancastic 强迫观念与行为的anandia 运动性失语anandria 男性特征缺乏anankastia 强迫性反应性格anapepsia 胃蛋白酶缺乏anaphia 触觉缺失anaphia 失触觉症anaphoria 上隐斜眼anaphrodisia 性欲缺乏anaphrodisiac 制欲的anaphylactic reaction 心理过敏反应anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anaphylactin 过敏素anaphylactogen 过敏源anaphylactogenesis 过敏反应发生anaphylaxis 过敏性anaphylodiagnosis 过敏性诊断法anapnograph 呼吸速度描记器anaptic 触觉缺失anarchic 反常的anarchism 无政府主义anarchist 无政府主义者anarchy 无政府状态anarithmia 计算不能anarthria 口吃anastral figure 无星图像anastral spindle 无星纺锤体anastral 无星的Anatman 无我anatomia chirurgica 外科解剖学anatomia medica 内科解剖学anatomia pathologica 病理解剖学anatomia topographica 局部解剖学anatomia 解剖学anatomical age 解剖年龄anatomical features 解剖特点anatomical lens 解剖镜anatomical physiology 解剖生理学anatomicomedical 医用解剖学的anatomicopathological 病理解剖学的anatomicophysiological 解剖生理学的anatomicosurgical 外科解剖学的anatomist 解剖学家anatomize 解剖anatomy 解剖学anatomypathology 病理解剖学anatropia 上隐斜眼anatta 无我anaxon 无轴索神经细胞ancestor language 母语ancestor worship 祖先崇拜ancestor 原始现象ancestral features 遗传性状ancestry 祖先anchor point 参照点anchor stimulus 参照刺激anchor test 参照测验anchorage effect 参照效应anchored scaleanchoring approach 参照法anchoring effect 参照效应anchoring group 参照组anchoring of ego 自我安妥anchoring points 参照点anchylosis 关节僵硬ancient civilization 古代文明ancient psychological thought 古代的心理学思想ancient 古代的ancillary estimator 辅助估计量Andersch sandrocentric theory 男性本位说androcentric 以男性为中心的androgamone 雄配素androgen 男性荷尔蒙androgen 雄性激素androgenization 雄激素化作用androglossia 女性男声androgyne 两性体androgyneity 两性畸形androgynism 两性现象androgynoid 女化男性androgynous personality 双性人性androgynus 男化女性androgyny 双性性格andromania 慕男狂androphobia 恐男人症androphobia 男子恐怖症androsterone 雄酮anecdotage 轶事集anecdotal evidence 轶事证据anecdotal method 轶事法anecdotal record 轶事记录anecdote 轶事anecdotist 轶事收集者anechoic chamber 消声室anechoic 无回声的anemic anoxia 贫血性缺氧anemophobia 恐风症anemophobia 通风恐怖症anemotaxis 向风性anemotropism 趋风性anepithymia 食欲不振anerethisia 兴奋缺失anergasia 活动力缺失anergastic reaction 活动力缺乏性反应anergastic 器质性精神病的anergia 无力anergic 无变应性的anergy 无力anerythropsia 红色盲anesthecinesia 感觉与运动能力缺失anesthesia functional 机能性感觉缺失anesthesia 感觉缺失anesthetic resistance memory 抗麻醉性记忆anesthetic 麻醉的anesthetization 麻醉法anesthetized animal 麻醉动物anesthetospasm 麻醉期痉挛anestrus 不动情期anethopathy 病态性悖德anetiological 非病原学的anetoderma 皮肤松垂anfractuosity 纡曲Angelucci sanger 愤怒angiectomy 血管切除术angina 咽痛angioedema 血管性水肿angiography 血管造影法angiology 血管学angiometer 血管运动描记器angioneuralgia 血管神经痛angioneurosis 血管神经病angiospastic anesthesia 血管痉挛性感觉缺失angiosthenia 动脉张力angiotensin 血管紧缩素angiotensinogen 血管紧缩素原angle illusion 角度错觉angle of contact 接触角angle of convergence 辐合角angle of incidence 入射角angle of iris 虹膜角angle of reflection 反射角angle of repose 隐角angle range 角范围angle tolerance 角耐性angle transformation 角变换angle visualAnglomania 英国狂Anglophobia 英国恐怖症angophrasia 言语涩滞angry aggression 愤怒性攻击angry womanangry 愤怒angst 焦虑angstrom 埃Angstrom sanguish 苦恼angular curve 角曲线angular displacement 角曲移置angular gyrus 角回angular mandibula 下颔角angulus anterior 前角angusty 狭窄anheaphia 触觉缺失anhedonia 快感缺乏anhelation 气促anhidrosis 无汗症anhistic 无构造的anhormonia 激素缺乏anhydraemia 缺水血症anhydromyelia 脊髓液缺乏anhydrous alcohol 无水酒精aniconia 无映象anility 老年型痴愚anility 衰老anima 女性意像anima 阴性基质animal aggression 动物攻击行为animal anatomy 动物解剖学animal behavior 动物行为animal biological rhythm 动物生物节律animal breeding 动物育种animal clinical psychology 动物临床心理学animal communication 动物通信animal community 动物群落animal courtship behavior 动物求偶行为animal cult 动物崇拜animal dispersal 动物传播animal distress call 动物危难叫喊animal ecology 动物生态学animal ethology 动物生态学animal ethology 动物习性学animal experiment 动物试验animal genetics 动物遗传学animal geography 动物地理学animal gregarious behavior 动物合群行为animal hemisphere 动物性半球animal host 动物寄主animal house 动物屋animal hypnosis 动物催眠animal inoculation 动物接种animal instinct 动物本能animal instinctive behavior 动物本能行为animal intelligence 动物的智能Animal Learning and Behavior 动物学习与行为animal learning 动物学习animal magnetism 动物磁性说animal mating behavior 动物配偶行为animal migration 动物迁移animal navigation behavior 动物导航行为animal parental behavior 动物的父母行为animal physiology 动物生理学animal population 动物种群animal protection 动物保护animal psychology 动物心理学animal psychophysics 动物心理物理学animal sexual behavior 动物性行为animal society 动物社会animal sociology 动物社会学animal spirit 动物的元气animal unit 动物单位animal vocalization 动物发声animal spiritanimal 动物animalism 动物性animalization 动物化animate 动物名词animation 活跃animatism 物活论animism 泛灵论animistic materialism 物活论唯物主义animosity 仇恨animus 男性意向animus 阳性基质anincretinosis 内分泌缺乏anion 阴离子aniseikonia 网膜异象症aniso accommodationanisochromasia 色素不均anisocoria 瞳孔不均anisogeny 雌雄异型遗传anisomerism 不对称性anisometrope 屈光参差者anisometropia 屈光不等anisophoria 垂直向隐斜视anisopia 两眼视力不等anisotropic distribution 异向异性分布anisotropic 各向异性的anisotropism 各向异性anisotropy of space 空间方向错误anisotropy of visual space 视觉空间方向错误anisotropy of visual space 视野异形anisotropy 方向错误ankle clonus 踝阵挛ankle jerk 足踝反射ankle joint 踝关节ankle reflexankyloglossia 结舌ankylophobia 关节强硬恐怖症ankylosis 关节强硬anlage 基础annals 年鉴annex 附加annihilate 消灭annihilation anxiety 毁灭焦虑anniversary hypothesis 周年假说anniversary reaction 周年反应Anno Domini 公元annotation 注释announce 宣布annoyance of noise 噪声烦扰度annoyance threshold 烦恼阈限annoyance 烦恼annoyer 烦恼物annual data 年度资料annual death rate 年死亡率annual gradient 年度化率annual improvement factor 年增长因素annual rate of growth 年增长率annual returns 年报Annual Review of Psychology 心理学年鉴annual seasons 年季度annual succession 年演替annual 一年生的annuity 年金annul 取消annulospiral ending 环螺形末梢annulus 环anodal depression 阴极性阻抑anodal dosing contraction 阴极通电收缩anodal opening contraction 阴极断电收缩anodmia 失嗅症anodyne 止痛的anodynia 无痛anoesis 无意识anoia 白痴anomalies 异常的因果情况anomalism 反常现象anomalopia 色觉异常anomaloscope 色觉鉴别器anomalotrophy 营养异常anomalous contour 不规则轮廓anomalous differences 异常误差anomalous personality 异常人格anomalous retinal correspondence 视网膜异常对应anomalous structure 异常结构anomalous substitution 反常取代anomalous succession 不规则演替anomalous trichromatism 三色觉异常anomaly of visual perception 视知觉异常anomaly 反常anomia 称名不能anomic aphasia 命名性失语anomic suicide 失范型自杀anomic 反常状态anomie 规范缺失anomie 失范anomy theory 反常状态理论anonym 匿名者anonymous 匿名的anophoria 上隐斜视anopia 上斜视anopsia 废用性弱视anorchus 无睾者anorexia nervosa 神经性厌食症anorexia 厌食症anorgasmy 性快感缺乏anorthography 运动性失写症anorthopia 眼偏视anorthoscope 动景镜anorthoscope 弱视镜anorthosis 直立不能anosmatic 嗅觉缺乏的anosmia 失嗅症anosmia 嗅觉缺失anosmic aphasia 嗅觉性失语anosodiaphoria 疾病漠视anosognosia 疾病失认症anosphrasia 嗅觉丧失anostosis 骨发育不全another world 另一世界anotropia 上显斜视ANOVA 方差分析anovulation 排卵停止anovulia 排卵停止anoxemia 缺氧血症anoxia 缺氧症anoxic 缺氧的ANS 自主神经系统ansa 脊神经Anstie sanswer key 答案answer up 对应迅速answer 回答answering model 回答模式antagonism 颉抗作用antagonist reflex 颉抗反射antagonist 颉抗性antagonistic action 颉抗作用antagonistic behavior 斗争性行为antagonistic color 对抗色antagonistic contradiction 对抗性矛盾antagonistic cooperation 对抗合作antagonistic muscle 颉抗肌antagonistic process 对抗过程antagonistic reflex 颉抗反射antagonistic substance 对抗物质antagonistic symbiosis 对抗共生antagonistic 敌对的antagonistic 颉抗的antagonize 起反作用antalgic reaction 防痛反应antalgic 防痛的antapoplectic 防止中风的antasthenic 恢复体力的ante mortem 死前antecardium 腹上部antecedent circumstance 先行情况antecedent condition 先行条件antecedent ground 先行根据antecedent consequent前件后因antecedent 前因antecedents of interpersonal attraction 人际吸引条件antecessor 先行者antecurvature 前弯antedating reaction 提前反应antedating response 提前反应anteflection 前屈antenatal training 胎教antenatal 胎儿的antenna 触角antennae nerve 触角神经antennal nerve 触觉神经antennal neuromere 触角神经元节antennal organ 触觉器antennal process 触角突antennal receptor 触角感受器antennal segment 触觉节antennal sensilla 触角感器antennal 触觉的antenniferous tubercle 触角突antenniferous 触角的antennulary ganglion 触角神经节antennulary 触角的antenuptial 婚前的antephialtic 抗梦魇的antergic 对抗作用的antergic 拮抗的anterior basal membrane 前基膜anterior blastomere 前裂球anterior centrosome 前中心体anterior chamber 前房anterior coelom 前体腔anterior column 前柱anterior commissure 前连合anterior cornu 前角突anterior gray commissure 前灰质连合anterior horn 前角anterior lobe hormones 脑垂体前叶激素anterior lobe of hypophysis 脑下垂体前叶anterior lobe 前叶anterior nerve root 前神经根anterior neuropore 前神经孔anterior nucleus 前核anterior orbit 前眶anterior palate 前腭anterior pituitary gland 脑垂腺前叶anterior pituitary hormones 脑垂体前叶激素anterior pituitary likeanterior pituitary 脑垂体前叶anterior pyramidal tract 前锥体束anterior radicle cell 前根细胞anterior root 前根anterograde amnesia 顺行性遗忘anterograde amnesia 远事遗忘anterograde degeneration 顺行性变性anterograde 顺行的anteromedian 前中裂anterotic 制欲的antetype 前型antetype 先型anthophilous 喜花的anthophobia 花恐怖症anthracometer 二氧化碳测量器anthropic factor 人为因素anthropic 人为的anthropobiology 人类生物学anthropocentric theory 人类中心说anthropocentrism 人类中心论anthropochorous 人传播的anthropochory 人为传播anthropogenesis 人类起源anthropogenetic sere 人为演替系列anthropogenetic succession 人为演替anthropogenetic 人类起源的anthropogenetic 人为的anthropogenic succession 人为演替anthropogenic 人为的anthropogeny 人类起源anthropogeography 人类地理学anthropography 人类分布学anthropography 人类志anthropoid 类人猿Anthropoidea 类人猿亚目Anthropoids 类人目anthropokinetics 人类活动学anthropological linguistics 人类语言学anthropological materialism 人类学唯物主义anthropological studies 人类学研究anthropological viewpoint 人类学观点anthropologism 人类主义anthropologist 人类学家anthropology 人类学anthropometer 人体测量器anthropometric test 人体测验anthropometrist 人体测量学家anthropometry 人体测量学anthropomorphic dummy 人体模型anthropomorphic system 拟人系统anthropomorphic thinking 拟人化思维anthropomorphism 拟人论anthropomorphology 人类形态学anthroponomy 人类行为学anthroponomy 人体进化论anthropopathy 情感拟人说anthropophagy 嗜食人肉anthropophobia 恐见人症anthroposociology 人类社会学anthroposophy 人性论anthroposophy 人智学anthropotomy 人体解剖学anthysteric 抗癔病的anti symmetric law 反对称律anti symmetry 反对称性anti temptation 抗拒诱惑anti cathexisanti coincidenceanti competitionanti Ganti illiteracyanti instinctanti insulinanti intellectualism反智主义anti interferenceanti intraceptionanti introspectionanti logyanti maniacalanti mentalismanti Oedipusanti pollutionanti predatoranti rationalismanti rationalityanti socialanti temptationanti traitantiadrenergic 抗肾上腺素能的antiamboceptor 抗介体antianaphylactin 抗过敏素antianaphylaxis 抗过敏antiandrogen 抗雄激素antianxiety drug 抗焦虑剂antianxiety 抗焦虑的antiarrhythmic 抗心律失常的antibacterial 抗细菌的antibiosis 抗菌antibiotics 抗菌素antibody like receptor 抗体样受体antic 滑稽动作anticathexis 反感情投注anticathexis 反精神宣泄anticephalalgic 抗头痛的anticholinergic drug 抗胆碱能药anticholinesterase 抗胆碱脂酶anticipation adaptation 前发适应anticipation anxiety 预期焦虑anticipation error 期望误差anticipation judgment 预期判断anticipation method 提示法anticipation method 预期法anticipation invigorationanticipation 预期anticipative anxiety 预期焦虑anticipator 期望者anticipatory aggression 防卫性攻击anticipatory anxiety 预期焦虑anticipatory assimilation 先行同化anticipatory behavior 预期行为anticipatory conditioned response 先期条件反应anticipatory control 先期控制anticipatory dissimilation 先行异化anticipatory error 预期错误anticipatory goal reaction 预期目标反应anticipatory goal response 预期目标反应anticipatory guidance 先期辅导anticipatory image 预期表象anticipatory imagination 预期想象anticipatory insanity 先发性精神病anticipatory method 预期法anticipatory of experience 经验的预测anticipatory reaction 预先反应anticipatory response 预先反应anticipatory schema 预期图式anticipatory socialization 预期社会化anticipatory survey 前景调查anticipatory symbol 预期症候anticipatory timing 预期计时anticlinal 对外倾斜的anticonformity behavior 反从众行为anticonformity 反从众性anticonvulsant 抗惊厥的anticonvulsant 镇痉剂anticonvulsive drug 镇痉挛剂anticonvulsive 镇痉的anticultural group 反文化集团anticultural 反文化的anticyclone 反气旋antidemocratic personality 反民主的人格antidepressant drug 抗抑郁剂antidinic 防眩晕的antidipsetic 止渴的antidiuresis 抑制尿分泌antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素antidromic conduction 逆向传导antidromic impulse 逆向冲动antidromic nerve impulse 逆向神经冲动antidromic 逆向的antidumping laws 反倾销法antidumping 反倾销antiepileptic 抗癫痫的antierotica 制性欲剂antiestrogenic 抗雌激素的antievolution 反进化论antievolutionist 反进化论者antigonadotrophic 抗促性腺激素的Antigone complex 安提戈涅情结Antigone complex 纯爱情结antigrowth hormone 抗生长激素antigrowth 抗生长的antihallucinatory 抗幻觉的antihistamines 抗组胺antihormone 抗激素antihypertensive 抗高血压的antihypnotic 抗眠的antihysteric 抗癔病的antijamming 抗干扰antikantism 反康德派antiketogenesis 抗生酮作用antikinesis 抗动态antikinesis 逆向运行antilethargic 抗嗜眠的antilogical 反逻辑antimaniacal drugs 抗躁狂剂antimaniacal 抗躁狂的antimanic agents 抗躁狂药物antimatter 反物质antimere 对称部antimetabolite 抗代谢物antimetropia 远近视antimicrobial 抗菌的antimongolism 反相先天愚型antimongoloid 反相先天愚型样的antinarcotic 抗麻醉的antinauseant 止恶心的antineuralgic 止神经痛的antineuritic 抗神经炎的antineurotoxin 抗神经毒素antinomian 唯信仰论者antinomianism 唯信仰论antinomy of distance 距离的矛盾antinomy of reason 理性的矛盾antinomy of Russell 罗素悖论antinomy 二律背反antinomy 自相矛盾antiparalytic 抗麻醉的antiparasympathomimetic 拟抗副交感的antipathy 反感antiphrases 反语antiphrasis 反语法antipode 对映体antiposia 厌饮antipositivism 反实证主义antipredatory aggression 反掠夺攻击antiproperty 对立的性质antipsychiatry 反精神病学antipsychologism 反心理主义antipsychotic drug 抗精神病药物antipsychotic 抗精神病的antipsychotics 抗精神病药antiquarian 喜爱古物的antiquity 古代风习antiracism 反种族主义antiscience 反科学antisensibilisin 抗致敏素antiskeptical 反怀疑论antisocial aggression 反社会性攻击antisocial behavior 反社会行为antisocial child 反社会儿童antisocial group 反社会群体antisocial personality disorder 反社会性人格障碍antisocial personality 反社会型人格antisocial reaction 反社会反应antisocial socialization 反社会社会化antisocial violence 反社会的暴力行为antisocial 不爱社交的antisocial 反社会的antisociality 反社会性antispasmodic 镇痉的antisymmetric relation 反对称关系antisymmetrical state 反对称态antisympathetic 抗交感神经的antithesis concept 对偶概念antithesis 对立antithetical ideas 对立思想antithing 对立物antithyrotropic hormone 抗促甲状腺激素antitrinitarianism 非三位一体论antitrismus 张口痉挛antitrope 对称体antitropic 相似对称的antiverbalism 反语词主义antivivisection 反活体解剖antiworld 反物质世界Anton sAnton Babinskiantonym test 反义字测验antonym 反义字antonymy 反义现象antorphine 丙烯去甲吗啡antrophose 中枢性光幻觉anxietas 焦虑anxiety attack 焦虑发作anxiety battery 焦虑成套测验anxiety complex 焦虑情结anxiety conservation 焦虑保存anxiety disorder 焦虑性障碍anxiety dream 恶梦anxiety hierarchy 焦虑层序anxiety hysteria 焦虑癔症anxiety melancholia 焦虑忧郁症anxiety neurosis 焦虑神经症anxiety psychosis 焦虑精神病anxiety reaction 焦虑反应anxiety reduction theory 焦虑消灭论anxiety scale 焦虑量表anxiety state 焦虑状态anxiety test 焦虑测验anxiety tolerance 焦虑耐量anxiety 焦虑anxiolytic drugs 抗焦虑药物anxiolytic 抗焦虑的anxiolytics 抗焦虑药anxious expectation 焦躁的期待anxiousness 焦急AP 动作电位APA Monitor 美国心理学会通讯apagoge 反证法apallesthesia 振动觉缺失apandria 远男症apanthropia 远人症aparalytic 无麻痹的aparathyrosis 甲状旁腺机能缺失apareunia 性交不能apastia 拒食apathetic dementia 冷漠性痴呆apathetic type 冷漠型apathia 无情感的apathism 冷淡病apathy syndrome 冷漠综合症apathy 冷漠apathy 情感淡漠APC 自动程序控制ape 类人猿apeidosis 形态渐失apeirophobia 无限恐怖apeman 猿人aperiodic reinforcement 不定期强化aperiodic tracking signals 非周期性追踪信号aperiodic 非周期性aperiodicity 非周期性aperture color 孔隙色apery 仿效apex beat 心尖博动apex cordis 心尖apex linguae 舌尖apexcardiogram 心尖心动图apexcardiography 心尖心动描记法Apgar Scale 阿普加量表Apgar score 阿普加新生儿评分APH 脑垂体前叶激素aphagia 不食症aphagia 吞咽不能aphasia area 失语症关连中枢aphasia zone 失语症关连区aphasia 失语症aphasiac 失语的aphasiac 失语者aphasiologist 失语症学家Aphasiology 失语症学aphasiology 失语症学aphemesthesia 听读不能aphemia 运动性失语症aphephobia 恐接触症。

gre单词范围和专八单词

gre单词范围和专八单词GRE（Graduate Record Examination）是全球公认的研究生入学考试，包括GRE词汇范围广泛，需要掌握大量单词。

下面是GRE常见的词汇范围：1. 动词：abate（减弱），acclaim（称赞），acquire（获得），adhere（坚持），adorn（装饰），advance（前进），advocate（倡导），alter（改变），amplify（放大），analyze（分析），anticipate（预期），ascend（上升）等。

2. 形容词：abundant（丰富的），adept（熟练的），adroit（灵巧的），agile（敏捷的），ambiguous（模棱两可的），animated（有活力的），anxious（焦虑的），arrogant（傲慢的），astonishing （令人惊讶的），audacious（大胆的）等。

3. 名词：abundance（丰富），acumen（敏锐），admiration（钦佩），affection（喜爱），aggression（侵略），amplification（扩大），anxiety（焦虑），apprehension（忧虑），assumption（假设），audacity（大胆）等。

4. 副词：accordingly（相应地），adequately（足够地），amazingly（令人惊讶地），assuredly（确信地），astonishingly（令人惊讶地），boldly（大胆地），briskly（轻快地），curiously（好奇地），dramatically（戏剧性地），eloquently（雄辩地）等。

专八（CET-8）是中国教育部主管的全国性英语应试考试，以下是专八词汇的常见范围：1. 动词：accumulate（积累），administer（管理），aggravate （加重），allocate（分配），altogether（完全），articulate （清晰表达），assimilate（吸收），attribute（归因于），authorize（授权），benefit（获益）等。

地理相关英语词汇

地理相关英语词汇--------------------------------------------------------- abandoned land 弃耕地abiltic factor 非生物因素；非生命因素abiotic environment 非生物环境；非生命环境ablation 消融〔作用〕Abney level 手水准仪aborigine 土著abrasion (corrasion) 磨蚀〔作用〕刻蚀〔作用〕abrasion (wave-cut) platform 海蚀平台absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute instability 绝对不稳定〔状态〕absolute stability 绝对稳定〔状态〕absolute temperature 绝对温度absorption 吸收〔作用〕abyssal region 深海区acacia 合欢树Acacia confusa 台湾相思accelerated erosion 加速侵蚀accessibility 可达度；能达度acclimatization 气候适应accordant drainage 协调水系；调和水系accretion 加积〔作用〕accumulated temperature 积温acid lava 酸性熔岩acid rain 酸雨acid soil 酸性土壤acidic rock 酸性岩acidity (1) 酸度，(2) 酸性activated sludge 活性污泥active layer 活动层；活土层active recreation 主动性康乐active volcano 活火山activity space 活动空间actual evapotranspiration 实际蒸散〔量〕adiabatic cooling 绝对冷却；绝热降温adiabatic heating 绝对增温adiabatic lapse rate 绝热递减率；绝热直减率adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic temperature change 绝热温度变化adit mining 棋坑开采法advection 平流advection fog 平流雾aeolian deposit (sediment) 风积物aeration (1)通气[性]，(2)曝气aeration tank 曝气池aerial photograph 航空照片；空中照片aerobic 需氧aerobic treatment 需氧处理aerosol 气溶胶；雾体；大气微粒aesthetic pollution 美感污染aesthetic quality 美感质素afforestation 造林；植林aftershock 余震age composition 年龄构成age group 年龄组别age structure 年龄结构aged-dependency ratio 老年人抚养〔比〕率agents of erosion 侵蚀作用力；侵蚀营力age-sex pyramid 年龄性别金字塔age-specific fertility rate 年龄别生育率age-specific marriage rate 年龄别结婚率age-specific mortality rate 年龄别死亡率agglomerate 集块岩agglomerated settlement 集居聚落agglomeration (1)结集；聚结，(2)聚居点agglomeration economies 集聚经济效益aggradated plain (aggradation plain) 加积平原；填积平原aggradation 右积作用；填积作用aggradation plain (aggradated plain) 加积平原；填积平原aggregate 团聚体；集合体aging of population 人口老化agrarian reform 土地改革agricultural location theory 农业区位理论agricultural waste 农业废料agriculture 农业agro-ecosystem 农业生态系统agrosystem 农业系统A-horizon A层；淋溶层air circulation 空气环流；空气循环air composition 空气成分；空气组成air control zone 空气管制区air mass 气团air mass modification 气团变性air parcel 气块air pollutant 空气污染物air pollution 空气污染；大气污染air pollution source 空气污染〔来〕源air pressure 气压air quality monitoring network 空气质素监察网albedo 反射率alfalfa 苜蓿alfisol 淋溶土algae 藻类algal bloom 藻类过量繁殖alkaline soil 碱性土alkalinity (1)碱度，(2)碱性alkalization 碱化〔作用〕allogenic river 外源河alluvial cone 冲积锥alluvial deposit 冲积物alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluviation 冲积作用alluvium 冲积物；冲积层alpine 高山alpine meadow soil 高山草甸土Alpine mountain-building movement 阿尔卑斯造山运动alpine vegetation 高山植物Alpine-Himalayan Belt 阿尔卑斯－－喜马拉雅山带altimeter 高度计altiplano 高原（玻利维亚）altitude 高度altocumulus 高积云altostratus 高层云aluminium sesquioxide 三氧化二铝amenities 市容ammonia 氨ammophilous 喜砂amorphous 无定形amplitude (1)幅度，(2)振幅anabatic wind 上坡风anaerobic 厌氧anaerobic treatment 厌氧处理；缺氧处理ancillary service 辅助性服务〔行业〕anemometer 风速计aneroid barometer 空盒气压计angle of depression 俯角angle of elevation 仰角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 倾角angle of repose 休止角angular (compass, whole circle) bearing 方位角angulate drainage 角状水系animal husbandry 畜牧〔业〕anion 阴离子；负离子annotated map 注释图annual flood 年最大流量；年最大洪水annual mean temperature 年平均温annual rainfall 年雨量annual range of temperature 年温差annual runoff 年径流；年径流量annular drainage 环状水系Antarctic Circle 南极圈antecedent drainage 先成水系anthracite 无烟煤anthropogenic factor 人为因素anticline 背斜anticyclone 反气旋anticyclonic circulation 反气旋式环流anvil cloud 砧状云apartment building 住宅大厦apex (1)冲积扇顶，(2)顶点aquaculture 水产养殖aquatic plant 水生植物aqueduct 引水槽aquifer 畜水层arable farming 耕作农业arable land 〔可〕耕地arch (1)背斜，(2)拱顶，(3)穹窿Archimedes' screw 〔阿基米得式〕螺旋水斗archipelago 群岛Arctic air mass 北极气团Arctic Circle 北极圈Arctic climate 北极气候arctic front 北极锋arcuate delta 弓形三角洲；扇形三角洲area sampling 区域抽样；地区抽样areal association 地区联系；地域联系areal differentiation 地域分异areal distribution 地区分布；地域分布areal specialization 地区专门化；地域专门化areal variation 地区差异；地域差异arete 刃脊；冰脊arid 干旱arid {dry} climate 干旱气候arid land 旱地aridisol 旱成土aridity 干燥〔度〕干旱〔度〕arithmetic mean 算术平均；等差中项；算术中项arithmetic progression 等差级数；算术级数arterial highway 干线公路artesian basin 自流水盆地artesian water 自流水artesian well 自流井artificial climate 人造气候asbestosis 石棉沉着病ash and cinder cone 凝灰火山渣锥ash cone 凝灰火山锥ash lagoon 煤灰湖asker 蛇〔形〕丘aspect 坡向assembly industry 装配工业assembly line 装配线assimilation 同化〔作用〕association 联系assumed mean 假定平均数asthenosphere 软流圈；岩流圈asymmetrical fold 不对称折曲atlas 地图集atmosphere 大气；大气圈atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric circulation 大气环流atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动atmospheric heat balance 大气热平衡atmospheric heat source 大气热源atmospheric motion 大气流动atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物atmospheric pollution 大气污染atmospheric pressure 大气压力；气压atmospheric radiation 大气辐射atmospheric refraction 大气折射atoll 环礁attrition 磨耗〔作用〕自磨〔作用〕aureole 〔接触〕变质带autotroph 自养生物autotrophic nutrition 自养营养autumnal equinox 秋分available relief (relative relief) 有效地势；相对地势avalanche 雪崩；山崩average cost 平均成本axial growth 轴向增长axial plane 轴面axial stream 山谷主要河流azimuth 方位角azonal soil 泛域土baby boom 生育高峰back bearing 倒后方位backshore 后滩；滨后〔滩〕backwall 后壁；后坡backwash 回流badland 劣地bajada (bahada) 山麓冲积扇带balanced community 均衡社区balanced ecosystem 平衡生态系统Baltic-Danish farming 波罗的－－丹麦农业bank deposit 河岸沉积〔物〕bank erosion 河岸侵蚀bank failure 塌岸bank full stage 满岸水位bank protection 护岸bankfull discharge 满岸流量bar 沙洲；沙坝bar chart (graph) 条形图；棒形图barbed drainage 倒状水系barchan 新月形沙丘barogram 自记气压曲线图barograph 自记气压计barometer 气压计barometric gradient 气压梯度barren land 荒地；瘠地barrier reef 堡礁；堤礁barrier to migration 迁徙障碍barysphere 重圈basal sapping 基部掏蚀basalt 玄武岩base flow 基本径流；底流base level 基准面base map 底图；基本图basic industry 基础工业basic lava 基性熔岩basic rock 基性岩basic sector 基础部门basin 盆地basin irrigation 淹灌basin perimeter 流域周长；流域周界basin planning 流域规划basin-and-range terrain 盆山相间地形batholith 岩基bauxite 铝土矿bayhead beach 湾头滩bazaar-type economy 摊贩经济beach 海滩beaded stream 串珠〔状〕河流Beaufort scale 蒲福风级bed load 推移质；底沙bed scour 河床冲刷bedding 层理bedding plane 层面bed-load discharge 推移质输送量；底沙输送量bed-load transport 推移质输送；推移质搬运bedrock 基岩；底岩beef cattle 肉用牛behavioral adjustment 行为适应beheaded river (stream) 断头河bell-shaped curve 钟形曲线belt transect 样带bench 阶地bench mark (BM) 水准点beneficiation 矿物增效处理；富集bergschrund 冰后隙；冰斗隙best fit line 最优拟合线B-horizon B层；淀积层bias 偏误；偏差bidder 投标人；出价人bid-rent 出价地租bid-rent curve 出价地租曲线bifurcation ratio 分叉比；分叉率bimodal 集峰binomial curve 二项曲线biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) 生化需氧量biocycle 生物循环biodegradation 生物降解biogeochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环biogeography 生物地理学biological concentration 生物密集biological control 生物防治biological indicator 指示生物biological monitor 生物调节者biological productivity 生物生产力biological purification 生物净化biological weathering 生物风化biomass 生物量biome 生物群落biosphere 生物圈biota (biotic community) 生物群biotic balance (equilibrium) 生物平衡biotic barrier 生物阻限biotic climax 生物顶极〔群落〕biotic community (biota) 生物群biotic component 生物组元biotic condition 生物条件biotic environment 生物环境；生命环境biotic equilibrium (balance) 生物平衡biotic factor 生物因素；生命因素biotite 黑云母biotype 生物〔类〕型bird's foot delta 鸟足状三角洲birth control 节育；计划生育birth rate 出生率birth-death ratio 生死比率bituminous coal 烟煤black alkali soil 黑碱土black earth 黑土blast furnace 鼓风炉bleached horizon 漂白层blighted area (1)萎缩地区，(2)枯萎区blizzard 暴风雪；雪暴block diagram 立体图block disintegration 块状崩解；块状分裂block mountain 断块山blood rain 血雨blood worm 红虫；颤虫blow-hole 吹穴blowout (deflation hollow) 吹蚀穴；风蚀洼地bluff 陡坡；陡崖body wave 体波bog 藓沼；沼泽bog peat 沼泽泥炭bora 布拉风（地中海北岸）boreal climate 北部〔森林〕气候boreal forest 北部针叶林borehole 钻孔；探孔boulder 巨砾；石砾boulder clay 泥砾boulder fan 巨砾扇boulder-controlled slope 砾块控制坡boundary (1)界限，(2)边界boundary layer 边界层brackish water 微咸水brackish water habitat 微咸水生境braided stream 分汊河道branching channel 辫状河breaching of dyke 决堤break8ing point 市场分界点breaker zone 碎波区；破波区break-of-bulk-point 转运点breakwater 防波堤breccia 角砾岩breeder reactor 增殖反应堆breeze 微风bridging point 架桥点broad-leaved forest 阔叶林bromine 溴bronchial ailment 支气管失调brown desert steppe soil 棕色荒漠草原土；棕钙土brown earth 棕壤brown forest soil 棕色森林土brown podzolic soil 灰化棕色土；灰化棕壤browsing stock 放牧牲畜buckling (1)弯曲，(2)地壳弯曲buffer 缓冲built-up area 已建区bulk carrier 散装货轮bund 堤Burgess's Concentric Model 伯吉斯同心区模式burrowing animal 穴居动物；钻洞动bush fallowing 灌丛休耕法bush veld 灌丛草原（南非）bushfire 林火business turnover 营业额butte 小方丘；孤丘buttress root 板根by-census 中期人口普查；中期户口统计cactus 仙人掌cadmium 镉Cainozoic (Cenozoic) era 新生calcareous crust 代钙质地表层；石灰结皮；石灰结壳calcareous rock 钙质岩calcareous soil 钙质土；石灰性土壤calcic horizon 钙质层calcification 钙化作用calcimorphic soil 钙成土calciphilous plant 适钙植物；喜钙植物calcite 方解石calcium carbonate 碳酸钙caldera 破火山口Caledonian mountain-building movement 加里东造山运动caliche 钙质层calm (1)无风，(2)静calorie 卡路里；卡Cambrian period 寒武纪camouflage 保护色作用canopy 冠层canyon 峡谷cape 岬〔角〕capillary action 毛〔细〕管作用capital (1)资金；资本，(2)首都capital accumulation 资本累积capital city 首都capital goods 资本货物capital investment 资本投资capital-intensive industry 资本密集工业cap-rock 冠岩；覆盖石caravan 商队(北非)carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon cycle 碳循环carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonaceous rock 炭质岩carbonation 碳化作用carbonic acid 碳酸Carboniferous period 石炭纪carcinogen 致癌物cardinal points 方位基点caribou 驯鹿carnivore 食肉动物；食肉生物carrying capacity 负载能力cartographic technique 绘图技巧cartography 绘图学cascade 小瀑布case study 个案研究；学习事例cash crop 经济作物；现金作物cash tenancy 现金租用耕地制cassava 木薯cast iron 铸铁cataract 急流catastrophic effect 灾难性后果catch crop 填闲作物catchment area (1)集水区，(2)从属区catchwater 引水道category 类型；类别catena (soil catena) 土链cation 阳离子；正离子cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换能力；正离子交换能力cattle rearing 牧牛业cavern 岩洞cavitation 空化〔作用〕cellular circulation 环型环流Celsius scale 摄氏温度表cementation 胶结〔作用〕Cenozoic (Cainozoic) era 新生代census 代人口普查；户口统计central business district (CBD) 商业中心区central city 中心城central place 中地；中心地central tendency 集中趋势centrality 中心性centralization 集中centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济centre of gravity 重心centrifugal drainage 离心水系centrifugal force 离心力centripetal drainage 向心水系centripetal force 向心力cereal 谷类cesspool 污水池；粪池chain island 列岛chain shop 连锁店chalk 白垩chance factor 机遇因素channel (1)海峡，(2)水道，(3)河槽；河床channel capacity 河道容量channel cutting 河道割切channel density 河网密度channel equilibrium 河道平衡channel erosion 河道侵蚀channel filling 河道淤塞channel flow 河道径流；河槽径流channel frequency 河道频数channel gradient (slope) 河道坡度；河床坡度channel improvement 河道整治channel length 河道长度channel realignment 河道改道channel roughness 河床糙度channel slope (gradient) 河道坡度；河床坡度channel width 河道宽度channelled runoff 河道径流channelling 开渠；开新槽chaparral 浓密常绿阔叶灌丛(美国加利福尼亚和墨西哥) chart 图；图表chemical industry 化学工业chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量chemical waste 化学废物chemical weathering 化学风化chemically formed sedimentary rock 化学作用形成的沉积岩chemosynthesis 化合作用；化学合成chernozem 黑钙土chestnut brown soil 栗钙褐土chestnut soil 栗钙土child-bearing age group 生育年龄组chili 奇利风（突尼斯的干热风）chinook 钦诺克风（北美）chi-square 卡方chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) 氯氟碳chlorophyll 叶绿素C-horizon C层；母质层choropleth map 等值域图Christaller's Central Place Theory 克里斯泰勒中地学说chute (1)奔流；瀑流，(2)流槽cinder cone 火山渣锥circular causation 循环因果circum-Pacific belt 环太平洋带circumpolar westerlies 环极西风cirque (corrie, cwm) 冰斗cirrocumulus 卷积云cirrostratus 卷层云cirrus 卷云city 城市city (urban) planner 城市规划师city (urban) planning 城市规划city centre 市中心city plan 城市平面图city proper 城市市区部分class 区；组；类class boundary 组界class interval 组区间；组距class limit 组限；区限class mark (class mid-point) 组中点；组中点class mid-point (class mark) 组中点；区中点clastic deposit 碎屑沉积clay 黏土clay loam 黏质壤土clay pan 黏盘clay particle 黏土颗粒clayey 黏质clay-humus complex 黏粒腐殖质复合体cliff 悬崖；峭壁climate 气候climate modification 〔人工〕改变气候climatic amelioration 气候改良climatic anomaly 气候异常climatic barrier 气候障壁climatic change 气候变化；气候变迁climatic classification 气候分类climatic climax 气候顶极〔群落〕climatic deterioration 气候恶化climatic element 气候要素climatic factor 气候因子climatic graph 气候图〔表〕climatic map 气候图climatic oscillation 气候变化；气候变动climatic prediction 气候预报climatic region 气候区climatic regulation 气候调节〔作用〕climatology 气候学climax 顶极〔群落〕climax community 顶极群落climax vegetation 顶极植物climber 攀绿植物climbing plant 攀绿植物climograph 气候图clinometer 倾角仪；测斜仪clint 石灰岩岩脊；石芽closed system 密闭系统clothing industry 制衣业cloud 云cloud cover (cloudiness) 云量cloud reflection 云盖反射cloud seeding 播云；云的催化cloud type 云型cloudiness (cloud cover) 云量cluster sampling 类集抽样coagulation 混凝coal seam 煤层coalfield 煤田coarse texture soil 粗质地土壤coarse tuff 粗粒凝灰岩coarse-grained rock 粗粒岩石coastal landform 海岸地貌；海岸地形coastal plain 海岸平原coastline 海岸线cobble 中砾coding 编码cohesion 内聚力；凝聚力cohort 同期组群coking coal 〔炼〕焦煤col 山口；山坳cold current 寒流cold desert 寒〔带荒〕漠cold front 冷锋cold resistance 耐寒性cold temperate climate 寒温带气候cold wave 寒潮collective farming 集体农业collectivization 集体化colloid 胶体colluvium 崩积物；崩积层；坡积物colonization (1)殖民；拓殖，(2)集群；定殖；占据colony 集群；群体columnar jointing 柱状节理columnar structure 柱状结构combine harvester 联合收割机；多用途收割机commercial centre 商业中心commercial farming 商业性农业commercial zone 商业区commercialization 商业化commune 公社communication (1)交通，(2)通讯community (1)社区，(2)群落community facility 社区设施community organization 社区组织community shopping centre 社区购物中心commuter 通勤者；往返市区工作地点及郊区住所的人commuter zone 通勤带compact texture 致密结构comparative advantage 相对优势comparison goods 需比较商品compass 罗盘；指南针compass (angular, whole circle) bearing 方位角compass points 罗盘指标；罗盘方位competence of stream 河流搬运最大颗粒能力competition for location 区位竞争competition for space 空间竞争component 组元composite cone 复合火山锥composting 堆肥comprehensive redevelopment area 综合性重建区compressional force 挤压力computation 计算concave bank 凹岸concave slope 凹坡concentration 集结concentric zone theory 同心圆地带论concordant (longitudinal) coast 顺向海岸；纵式海岸concretion 结核〔作用〕condensation 凝结condensation level 凝结高度condensation nuclei 凝结核心conduction of heat 热传导conelet 小型火山锥confluence 汇流点congelifraction 融冻〔崩解〕作用conglomerate 砾岩conical hill 锥形山conifer 针叶树coniferous forest 针叶林connectivity 连接程度consequent drainage 顺向水系conservation 养护；保养；保护；保存；节约conservation of resources 资源保养constant slope 直坡constructive plate boundary 建设性皮块边界constructive wave 建设性波浪；堆积浪consumer 消费者consumer behaviour 消费行为；消费者行为container 集装箱；货柜container terminal 集装箱码头；货柜码头containerization 集装箱化；货柜化continent 洲；大陆continental air mass 大陆气团continental apron (rise) 大陆隆continental climate 大陆〔性〕气候continental collision 大陆碰撞continental crust 大陆地壳；陆壳continental drift 大陆漂移continental edge (fringe, margin) 大陆边缘continental fringe (edge, margin) 大陆边缘continental glacier 大陆冰川continental island 大陆岛continental margin (edge, fringe) 大陆边缘continental nucleus 陆核continental plate 大陆板块continental plate boundary 大陆板块边界continental rise (apron) 大陆隆continental rupture 大陆破裂continental shelf 大陆〔棚〕架continental shield 地盾continental slope 〔大〕陆〔斜〕坡continental suturing 大陆缝合作用continentality 大陆性；大陆度contour farming (ploughing) 等高耕作〔法〕contour line 等高线contour map 等高线图contour mapping 等高线绘图contour method 等高线法contour ploughing (farming) 等高耕作〔法〕contraception 避孕contract farming 合约式农业controlled flooding 控制漫灌〔法〕controlled tip 废物堆填区controlled tipping 废物堆填法conurbation 联都；集合城市〔区〕convection (convectional) rain 对流雨convection (convective) current (1)对流，(2)对流气流convection of heat 热对流convective (convection) current (1)对流，(2)对流气流convenience goods 日用品；常用商品conventional sign 图例；沿用图例；惯用符号convergence (1)辐合，(2)聚合convex bank 凸岸convex slope 凸坡cool temperate climate 凉温带气候co-operative farming 合作社式农业coordinate 坐标coral reef 珊瑚礁cordillera 雁列山(美洲 )core (1) 地核；地心，(2)核心core area 核心区corestone 核心石；岩心Coriolis effect 科里奥效应Coriolis force 科里奥利力；地球自转偏向力Corn Belt 玉米带（美）corrasion (abrasion) 磨蚀〔作用〕刻蚀〔作用〕corrective measure 改善措施correlation 相关corrie (cirque, cwm) 冰斗corrosion 溶蚀〔作用〕cosmic ray 宇宙射线cost minimization 生产成本最低化；成本的极少化cost of living 生活费cost-benefit analysis 损益分析；成本收益分析cottage industry 家庭式工业counter radiation 逆辐射counter-urbanization 逆城市化country park 郊野公园country rock 围岩crag and tail 鼻尾丘crater 火山口crest 山脊Cretaceous period 白垩纪crevasse 冰隙；裂隙critical discharge 临界流量critical isodapane 临界等总运费线crop and livestock farming 耕牧混合农业crop breeding 作物育种crop failure 作物失收；作物减产crop rotation 轮植；轮作；轮耕cropping pattern 作物生产型式cropping region 作物区cropping system 耕作制度；农作制度cross breeding 杂交育种；杂交繁育cross section 横剖面；横切面cross-bedding 交错层crown 树冠crude birth rate 粗出生率；毛出生率crude death rate 粗死亡率；毛死亡率crumb structure 屑粒结构crust (earth's crust) 地壳crystal 晶体crystalline rock 结晶岩crystallization 结晶〔作用〕cuesta 单斜脊；单面山cuesta scarp 单斜脊崖（前坡）；鬣崖cultural landscape 文化景观cumulative causation 累积因果cumulative frequency 累积频数；累积频率cumulative frequency curve 累积频数曲线；穹形线cumulonimbus 积雨云cumulus 积云cup anemometer 转杯风速计curde oil 原油current meter 流速计current speed 流速cuspate delta 尖头三角洲cut off slope 削蚀坡cut-and-fill (1)边冲边淤(曲流) (2)先冲后淤(河床) cuticle 角质层cut-off (1)截流；断流，(2)裁湾〔作用〕cut-off lake (oxbow lake) 牛轭湖cutting 〔削〕切面cwm (cirque, corrie) 冰斗cycle of erosion 侵蚀循环cycle of poverty 贫穷循环cyclone 气旋cyclone track 气旋路线cyclonic circulation 气旋环流cyclonic flow 气旋流动cyclonic rain 气旋雨daily (diurnal) range of temperature 日温差dairy cattle 乳牛；乳用牛dairy farming 乳牛畜牧业Dalmatian coast 达尔马提亚型海岸；顺向海岸dam 水坝dam-failure 溃坝；垮坝data analysis 数据分析；资料分析data collection 数据搜集；资料搜集data interpretation 数据阐释；资料阐释data processing 数据处理；数据处理data representation 数据表达；资料表达de facto population 现住人口de jure population 常住人口death rate 死亡率debris avalanche 岩屑崩落debris flow 泥石流debris slope 岩屑坡decalcification 脱钙作用decay 腐烂；分解decentralization 分散；离心decibel (dB) 分贝deciduous forest 落叶林decision maker 决策者declining region 衰落区decomposer 分解者decomposing organism 分解生物decomposition 分解〔作用〕deep-focus earthquake 深源地震deferred junction 延长汇点deferred stream 延长河deflation 吹蚀〔作用〕deflation hollow (blowout) 吹蚀穴；风蚀洼地deflation varnish 吹蚀漆皮deflection 偏向deflection (deflective, deviating) force 偏向力；偏转力deflective (deflecting, deviating) force 偏向力；偏转力defoliation 去叶；落叶；脱叶deforestation 伐林deformation 变形；变态deglomeration 反聚集力degradable plastics 可降解塑料degradation 陵削〔作用〕减坡degrading stream 夷低河；削蚀河；下切河流dehydration 脱水〔作用〕deionized water 去离子水delta 三角洲demand potential 需求潜在力demographic data 人口数据；人口资料demographic structure 人口结构demographic transition 人口过渡；人口转变demographic transition theory 人口过渡论demography 人口统计学；人口学dendritic drainage 〔树〕枝状水系denitrification 反硝化作用densely populated 人口稠密density 密度density map 密度图denudation 剥蚀〔作用〕denudation chronology 剥蚀年代dependency population 依赖人口；受抚养人口dependency ratio 依赖比率；抚养比率dependent variable 应变量；应变数depopulation 人口减少；人口下降deposit 沉积物deposition 沉积〔作用〕depreciation (1)折旧，(2)贬值；货币贬值depressed region 葨落区域depression (1)低气压，(2)洼地deranged drainage 冰碛平原水系；扰乱水系desalinization 脱盐作用descriptive statistics 描述统计学desert 荒漠；沙漠desert climate 荒漠气候；沙漠气候desert encroachment 荒漠扩展；沙漠扩侵desert pavement 荒漠〔卵石〕覆盖层；沙漠〔卵石〕覆盖层desert plateau 荒漠高原；沙漠高原desert varnish 荒漠漆皮desertification 荒漠化；沙漠化desiccation 干燥作用；变旱desilication 脱硅作用destructive plate boundary 破坏性板块边界destructive wave 破坏性〔波〕浪detached building 独立式楼宇detritus (1)碎屑；岩屑，(2)腐屑developed country 已发展国家developing country 发展中国家development level 发展水平deviating (deflecting, deflective) force 偏向力；偏转力deviation 偏差Devonian period 泥盆纪dew 露dew point 露点D-horizon D层；基岩层diagenesis 成岩作用diagonal linkage 对角联系diastrophism 地壳运动differential erosion 差别侵蚀differential weathering 差别风化diffuse radiation 扩散辐射diffusion 漫射；扩散dike (dyke) (1)岩墙；岩脉，(2)堤dilution 稀释diminishing return 收益递减dip 倾斜dip angle 倾角dip direction 倾向dip slope 倾向坡direct proportion 正比例disaster relief 救灾discharge 流量disclimax 亚演替顶极discordant coast 横或海岸discordant drainage 不协调水系discrete data 不连续数据disease control 疾病控制diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disintegration 崩解；分解dismembered drainage 解体水系dispersed settlement 分散聚落dispersion (1)离〔中〕趋势；离〔中〕差，(2)离散displacement 位移disposal 处置；处理dissected plateau 切割高原dissection 切割〔作用〕分割〔作用〕dissipation 消散〔作用〕dissolved load 溶解〔搬运〕质dissolved oxygen (DO) 溶解氧distance decay 随距递减；随距衰减distributary 分流distribution 分布distributional pattern 分布形态diurnal (daily) range of temperature 日温差divergence (1)辐散，(2)分向diversification 多元化divided circle (pie graph) 圆瓣图division of labour 分工doldrums 赤道无风带dolerite 粗玄岩doline 溶斗；〔漏斗形〕灰岩坑domain 领域dome 穹丘，圆丘domesti refuse 家庭废物domestic sewage 生活污水；家庭污水domesticated animal 驯养家畜domestication 驯化；驯养dominant animal 优势动物dominant plant 优势植物dominant species 优势种dormancy 休眠dormant volcano 睡火山dormitory suburb 郊外居住区；郊外住宅区dormitory town 居住城镇dot map 点示图double cropping 雨造耕作；双作downcutting 下蚀〔作用〕下切侵蚀downdraft (downdraught) 下沉气流downfold 向斜downstream 下游downthrow 下盘downtown 市中心；城市商业区（美）downward filtering process 下滤过程downwelling 沉降流downwind effect 下沉风效应drag velocity 摩阻流速drainage (1)水系，(2)排水drainage area (1)流域，(2)排水区drainage basin 河盆；河域drainage density 河网密度;排水密度drainage network (1)河网，(2)排水网drainage pattern 水系型〔式〕drainage system 水系draught animal 役畜dredging 清淤；疏浚dreikanter 三棱石；风棱石drift (adlt) mining 横坑开采法drift material 飘流物；漂流物drill rig 钻油台；钻塔drip-tip 滴水叶尖drizzle 微雨；毛毛雨drought 干旱drought-resistant plant 抗旱性植物drowned river valley (rai) 溺谷；溺河drumlin 脊背丘；鼓丘dry (arid) climate 干旱气候dry (wind) gap 旱峡；风口dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热〔温度〕递减率；干绝热〔温度〕直减率dry crop 旱田作物dry farming 旱耕〔法〕dry rice 旱稻dry valley 干谷；涸谷dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度计drying agent 干燥剂duckweed 浮萍；青萍dumping area 倾卸区dune 沙丘dune encroachment 沙丘扩侵duplex house 复式房屋durable goods 耐用品duricrust 铝铁硅钙壳duripan 硬盘Dust Bowl 尘暴区（美）dust storm 尘暴dwelling unit 居住单位dyke rock 脉岩dyke(dike) (1)岩墙；岩脉，(2)堤dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡earth movement 地壳运动earth pillar 土柱earth revolution 地球公转earth rotation 地球自转earth-flow 泥流earthquake 地震earthquake focus 震源earthquake intensity 地震强度earthquake origin 震源earthquake period 地震期earthquake prediction 地震预报earthquake scale 地震震级earthquake wave 地震波earthquake zone 地震带earthquake-prooff design 抗震设计earth's axis 地轴earth's crust (crust) 地壳earthy 土状easterlies (1)东风，(2)东风带easting 东行线ecocline 生态变异；生态差型ecological balance 生态平衡ecological community 生态群落ecological crisis 生态危机ecological damage 生态破坏ecological efficiency 生态效率ecological niche 生态位；小生境ecological pyramid 生态塔ecological succession 生态演替ecology 生态学economic base 经济基础economic bloc 经济集团economic depression 经济萧条economic development 经济发展economic growth 经济增长economic man 经济人economic recession 经济衰退economic recovery 经济复苏economic region 经济区economic rent 经济租值economic take-off 经济起飞economic utility 经济效用economically active population 经济活动人口economically inactive population 非经济活动人口economies of scale 规模经济效益ecosphere 生态圈ecosystem 生态系统ecotone 群落过渡带；群落交错区ecotype 生态型edaphic climax 土壤演替顶极〔群落〕edaphic factor 土壤因素eddy 旋涡effciency of energy transfer 能量变换效率；能量转换效率effective precipitation 有效降水〔量〕effluent (1)污水；废水，(2)湖源河eight point compass 八方位罗盘elasticity of demand 需求弹性elasticity of supply 供给弹性elbow of capture 袭夺〔河〕弯electrical conductivity 导电性；导电率electromagnetic wave 电磁波electronics industry 电子业elevated peneplain 上升准平原elevation (1)海拔；高度，(2)仰角eluvial deposit (1)残积物，(2)淋溶沉积物eluvial horizon 淋溶层eluviation 淋溶〔作用〕淋失〔作用〕embankment 堤基emergence 上升emergent (1)露生植物，(2)挺水植物emergent coast 上升海岸emigrant 移民emigration 移居国外empirical data 实验数据employment structure 就业结构end (terminal) moraine 终〔冰〕endangered species 濒临灭绝的生物品种；濒危物种endogenic process 内力作用；内成作用energy balance 能量平衡energy budget 能量收支energy conservation 能源节约energy crisis 能源危机energy deficit 能量亏损energy efficiency 能量效率；能源效率energy flow 能〔量〕流energy level 能量级energy ratio 能量比率energy reserve 能源蕴藏energy resources 能源〔资源〕energy source 能源energy subsidy 能源补助energy surplus 能量过剩energy transfer 能量转移engineering industry 机械工业englacial moraine 内〔冰〕碛entisol 新成土entrenched meander 嵌入曲流；深切曲流entrenched stream 嵌入河；深切河entrenched valley 嵌入〔河〕谷；深切〔河〕谷entrepot 转口港entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurial factor 企业管理因素environmental capacity 环境容量environmental conservation 环境保护environmental constraint 环境限制environmental degradation 环境退化environmental education 环境教育environmental gradient 环境梯度environmental hazard 环境灾害；环境危害environmental impact 环境影响environmental impact statment 环境影响报告environmental improvement 环境改善environmental lapse rate 环境〔温度〕递减率；环境〔温度〕直减率environmental perception 环境感观environmental planning 环境规则environmental pollution 环境污染environmental quality 环境质素environmental resources 环境资源environmental risk 环境风险Eocene epoch 始新世epeirogenic movement 造陆运动ephermeral (1)短生植物，(2)短生ephermeral stream 季节性河流；间歇〔性〕河〔流〕epicdermis 表皮epicentre 震央；震中epiphyte 附生植物Equator 赤道equatorial air mass 赤道气团equatorial climate 赤道气候equatorial low 赤道低〔气〕压equatorial rain forest 赤道雨林equatorial trough 赤道低压槽eradication of disease 消除疾病erg (sandy desert) 砂质荒漠；砂质沙漠erodibility 可侵蚀性erosion 侵蚀erosion cycle 侵蚀循环erratic 漂石eruption 爆发escarpment 单斜山；马头丘estancia 大牧场(南美)estate (1)大农场，(2)estuarine delta 河口三角洲estuary 河口湾ethnic area 种族区ethnic group 种族群ethnic minority 少数种族ethnic segregation 种族隔离Eurasia 欧亚大洲eustasy 海面升降；海面进退eustatic movement 海面升降运动eutrophic 富养分eutrophication 富养化〔作用〕evaporation 蒸发〔作用〕evapotranspiration 蒸发蒸腾作用even (regular) slope 均匀坡evergreen forest 常绿林evolution 演化；进化excavation (1)掘蚀，(2)挖掘excessive urbanization 过度城市化exchange capacity 交换量exchangeable cation 交换性阳离子；交换性正离子exfoliation 剥离〔作用〕；页状剥落〔作用〕exhaust gas 废气；排气exhumation 剥露〔作用〕exogenic process 外力作用；外成作用exotic river 外源河exponential curve 指数曲线export 出口export-oriented industry 出口导向工业exposed coast 裸露海岸；暴露海岸extended family 大家庭extensive farming 粗放式农业；广耕法external economies 外部经济效益external force 外〔营〕力external migration 国外迁移；境外迁移extinct species 已灭绝生物品种extinct volcano 死火山extinction of species 品种灭绝extrapolation 外推法；外插法extreme climate 极端气候extreme environment 极端环境extreme event 极端事件extreme value 极值extrusion 喷出；挤出extrusive rock 喷出岩extrusive vulcanicity 喷出火山作用eye of tropical cyclone 〔热带气旋〕风眼fabricating industry 装配工业factor of location 区位因素；布局因素factor of production 生产因素。

管理英语专业词汇

管理学英语专业词汇Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视action research 动作研究adjourning 解散adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualificationѕ善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性 bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准 bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam)计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论chariѕmatic leaders 魅力型领导者charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化chariѕmatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(edp) 电子数据处理employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业丨务区key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格least preferred co-worker(lpc)最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力liability 负债liaison 联络者line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性 liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosseѕ矩阵主管management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司moral rules 道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nnaïve relativism 朴素相对主义need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化 norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统organizational development(OD) 组织发展orientation 定位outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者ortfolio framework 业丨务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式 personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术retention 保留rational approach 理性方法rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统subunits 子单位synergy 协同system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻 unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子variety 变量valence 效价variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)目标 mission/ objective内部环境 internal environment外部环境 external environment集体目标 group objective计划 planning组织 organizing人事 staffing领导 leading控制 controlling步骤 process原理 principle方法 technique经理 manager总经理 general manager行政人员 administrator主管人员 supervisor企业 enterprise商业 business产业 industry公司 company效果 effectiveness效率efficiency企业家 entrepreneur权利 power职权 authority职责 responsibility科学管理 scientific management现代经营管理 modern operational management 行为科学 behavior science生产率 productivity激励 motivate动机 motive法律 law法规 regulation经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function产品 product服务 service利润 profit满意 satisfaction归属 affiliation尊敬 esteem自我实现 self-actualization人力投入 human input盈余 surplus收入 income成本 cost资本货物 capital goodѕ机器 machinery设备 equipment建筑 building存货 inventory经验法 the empirical approach人际行为法 the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法 the group behavior approach协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法 the mathematical approach系统法 the systems approach随机制宜法 the contingency approach管理任务法 the managerial roles approach经营法 the operational approach人际关系 human relation心理学 psychology态度 attitude压力 pressure冲突 conflict招聘 recruit鉴定 appraisal选拔 select培训 train报酬 compensation授权 delegation of authority协调 coordinate业绩 performance考绩制度 merit system表现 behavior下级 subordinate偏差 deviation检验记录 inspection record误工记录 record of labor-hours lost 销售量 sales volume产品质量 quality of products先进技术 advanced technology顾客服务 customer service策略 strategy结构 structure领先性 primacy普遍性 pervasiveness忧虑 fear忿恨 resentment士气 morale解雇 layoff批发 wholesale零售 retail程序 procedure规则 rule规划 program预算 budget共同作用 synergy大型联合企业 conglomerate资源 resource购买 acquisition增长目标 growth goal专利产品 proprietary product竞争对手 rival晋升 promotion管理决策 managerial decision商业道德 business ethics有竞争力的价格 competitive price .供货商 supplier小贩 vendor利益冲突 conflict of interests派生政策 derivative policy开支帐户 expense account批准程序 approval procedure病假 sick leave休假 vacation工时 labor-hour机时 machine-hour资本支出 capital outlay现金流量 cash flow工资率 wage rate税收率 tax rate股息 dividend现金状况 cash position资金短缺 capital shortage总预算 overall budget资产负债表 balance sheet可行性 feasibility投入原则 the commitment principle 投资回报 return on investment生产能力 capacity to produce实际工作者 practitioner最终结果 end result业绩 performance个人利益 personal interest福利 welfare市场占有率 market share创新 innovation生产率 productivity利润率 profitability社会责任 public responsibility董事会 board of director组织规模 size of the organization 组织文化 organizational culture 目标管理 management by objectives 评价工具 appraisal tool激励方法 motivational techniques 控制手段 control device个人价值 personal worth优势 strength弱点 weakness机会 opportunity威胁 threat个人责任 personal responsibility 顾问 counselor定量目标 quantitative objective 定性目标 qualitative objective可考核目标 verifiable objective 优先 priority工资表 payroll策略 strategy政策 policy灵活性 discretion多种经营 diversification评估 assesѕment一致性 consistency应变策略 consistency strategy公共关系 public relation价值 value抱负 aspiration偏见 prejudice审查 review批准 approval主要决定 major decision分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfolio matrix明星 star 问号 question mark现金牛 cash cow赖狗 dog采购 procurement人口因素 demographic factor地理因素 geographic factor公司形象 company image产品系列 product line合资企业 joint venture破产政策 liquidation strategy 紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy 战术 tactics追随 followership个性 individuality性格 personality安全 safety自主权 latitude .悲观的 pessimistic静止的 static乐观的 optimistic动态的 dynamic灵活的 flexible抵制 resistance敌对 antagoniѕm折中 eclectic激励 motivation潜意识 subconscious地位 status情感 affection欲望 desire压力 pressure满足 satisfaction自我实现的需要 needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要 esteem needs归属的需要 affiliation needs安全的需要 security needs生理的需要 physiological needѕ维持 maintenance保健 hygiene激励因素 motivator概率 probability强化理论 reinforcement theory反馈 feedback奖金 bonus股票期权 stock option劳资纠纷 labor dispute缺勤率 absenteeiѕm人员流动 turnover奖励 reward特许经营 franchise热诚 zeal信心 confidence鼓舞 inspire要素 ingredient忠诚 loyalty奉献 devotion作风 style品质 trait适应性 adaptability进取性 aggressiveness热情 enthusiaѕm毅力 persistence人际交往能力 interpersonal skills 行政管理能力 administrative ability 智力 intelligence专制式领导 autocratic leader民主式领导 democratic leader自由放任式领导 free-rein leader管理方格图 the managerial grid工作效率 work efficiency服从 obedience领导行为 leader behavior支持型领导 supportive leadership参与型领导 participative leadership 指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction (HCI)人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledge engineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing procesѕ制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research，development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业丨务主任Businesѕ Manager 业丨务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教丨师Export Saleѕ Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relationѕ公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教丨师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业丨务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research＆.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Saleѕ Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯（电信）员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员。

语料库语言学术语汇编Aglossaryofcorpuslinguistics.docx

语料库语言学术语汇编 ( V2.0 )Last updated 2012-10-08 by许家金Aboutness所言之事Absolute frequency绝对频数Alignment (of parallel texts)（平行或对应）语料的对齐Alphanumeric字母数字构成的Annotate标注（动词）Annotated text/corpus标注文本 /语料库、赋码文本/语料库Annotation标注（名词）Annotation scheme标注方案ANSI/American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会ASCII/American Standard Code for Information美国信息交换标准码ExchangeAssociates (of keywords)（主题词的）联想词AWL/academic word list学术词表Balanced corpus平衡语料库Base list/baselist底表、基础词表Bigram二元组、二元序列、二元结构Bi-text/bitext双语合并文本、双语分行对齐文本（一句源语一句目标语对齐后的文本）Bi-hapax两次词Bilingual corpus双语语料库Bootcamp debate/discourse/discussion（新手）训练营大辩论 /话语 /大探讨CA/Contrastive Analysis对比分析Case-sensitive/case sensitivity大小写敏感、区分大小写Category-based approach基于类（范畴）的方法Chi-square test/ 2χ卡方检验Chunk词块CIA/Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis中介语对比分析CLAWS/Constituent Likelihood Automatic Word-CLAWS 词性赋码系统tagging SystemClean text policy干净文本原则Cluster词簇、词丛Colligation类联接、类连接、类联结Collocate n./v.搭配词；搭配Collocability搭配强度、搭配力Collocation搭配、词语搭配Collocational strength搭配强度Collocational framework/frame搭配框架Collocational profile搭配概貌Collocational network搭配网络Comparable corpora类比语料库、可比语料库Computational Linguistics计算语言学ConcGram/concgram同现词列、框合结构Concord索引（行）（简略形式）Concordance (line)索引（行）Concordance plot（索引）词图Concordancer索引工具Concordancing索引分析Context语境、上下文Context word语境词Contextual prosody语境韵律Contingency table连列表、联列表、列连表、列联表Co-occurrence/Co-occurring共现、同现Corpus Linguistics语料库语言学Corpus, pl. corpora语料库Corpus-based基于语料库的Corpus-based translation studies基于语料库的翻译研究、语料库翻译学、基于语料库的译学研究Corpus-driven语料库驱动的Corpus-informed语料库指导下的、参考了语料库的Corpus size库容Corpus stylistics语料库文体学Co-select/co-selection/co-selectiveness共选（机制）Co-text共文Data mining数据挖掘DDL/Data Driven Learning数据驱动学习Dependency（句法）依存关系Dice coefficient Dice 系数Disambiguation消歧Diachronic corpus历时语料库Discourse话语、语篇Discourse prosody话语韵律Documentation文检报告、备检文件、说明文档EAGLES/Expert Advisory Groups on Language EAGLES 文本规格Engineering StandardsEmpirical linguistics实证语言学Empiricism经验主义Encoding字符编码Error-tagging错误标注、错误赋码Explicitation显化Extended unit of meaning扩展意义单位File-based search/concordancing批量检索Firthian (linguistics)弗斯（语言学）、弗斯学派的（语言学）Formulaic sequence程式化序列、套语Frequency频数、频率Frequency list词频表General (purpose) corpus通用语料库Genre语体、体裁Grammatical patterning语法型式Granularity颗粒度Hapax legomenon/hapax一次词Header/corpus head文本头、头标、头文件Hidden Markov model (HMM)隐马尔科夫模型、隐马模型Idiom principle习语原则、成语原则Idiomaticity习语性、地道程度Implicitation隐化Index/indexing（建）索引In-line annotation文内标注、行内标注Interlanguage中介语、过渡语Inter-coder agreement/reliability标注者间一致性/信度Introspection/introspective内省（式）（的）Intuition直觉Key keywords关键主题词Keyness主体性、关键性Keywords主题词KWIC/Key Word in Context语境中的关键词、语境共现（方式）KWIC sort语境共现排序、索引行排序Learner corpus学习者语料库Lemma, pl. lemmata/lemmas词目、原形词、词元Lemmatization词形还原、词元化Lemmatizer词形还原工具、词元化工具Lexical bundle词束Lexical density词汇密度Lexical frequency profile词频概貌Lexical grammar词汇语法Lexical item词项、词语项目Lexical patterning词语型式、词汇型式Lexical priming词汇触发理论、词汇启动理论Lexical profile词汇分布概貌Lexical richness词汇丰富度Lexico-grammar词汇语法Lexis词语、词项、词语学Log-likelihood ratio对数似然比、对数似然率Longitudinal/developmental corpus跟踪语料库、发展语料库、历时语料库Machine-readable机读的Machine translation机器翻译Manual annotation手工标注Markup/mark-up标记、置标MDA (Multi-dimensional analysis/approach)多维度分析法Metadata元信息Meta-metadata元元信息MF/MD approach/multi-feature/multi-dimensional多特征/多维度分析法analysisMisuse误用Monitor corpus（动态）监察语料库Monolingual corpus单语语料库Multilingual corpus多语语料库Multimodal corpus多模态语料库MWU/multiword unit多词单位MWE/multiword expression多词表达MI/mutual information互信息、互现信息N-gram N 元组、 N 元序列、 N 元结构、 N 元词、多词序列Neo-Firth (school)新弗斯学派Neo-Firthian新弗斯学派的NLP/Natural Language Processing自然语言处理Node (word)节点（词）Normalization标准化、（翻译）规范化、泛化Normalized frequency标准化频率、标称频率、归一频率Observed corpus观察语料库Ontology知识本体、本体Open choice principle开放选择原则OrthographicOrthography正字法Overuse过多使用、超用、使用过度、过度使用Paradigmatic纵聚合（关系）的Parallel corpus平行语料库、对应语料库Parole linguistics言语语言学Parsed corpus句法标注的语料库、树库Parser句法分析器Parsing句法标注、句法分析Pattern/patterning型式、模式Pattern grammar型式语法Pattern matching模式匹配Pedagogic corpus教学语料库Phraseology短语、短语学Phraseological unit/sequence短语单位 /序列Plain text纯文本POSgram赋码序列、码串POS sequence赋码序列、码串POS tagging/Part-of-Speech tagging词性赋码、词性标注、词性附码POS tagger词性赋码器、词性赋码工具Prefab预制语块Probabilistic（基于）概率的、概率性的、盖然的Probabilistic grammar概率语法、概率性语法、盖然语法Probability概率Query查询、检索Range分布（范围）、跨度Rationalism理性主义Raw frequency原始频数、生频数Raw text/corpus生文本 /生语料Reference corpus参照语料库Regex/RE/RegExp/regular expressions正则表达式、正则式Register variation语域变异Relative frequency相对频率Representative/representativeness代表性（的）Rule-based基于规则的S-universals源语型共性（特征）Sample n./v.样本；取样、采样、抽样Sampling取样、采样、抽样Sanitization净化Search term检索项Search word检索词Segmentation切分、分词Semantic association语义联想Semantic preference语义倾向、语义趋向Semantic prosody语义韵Sentence alignment句对齐、句级对齐SGML/Standard Generalized Markup Language标准通用标记语言Simplification简化Skipgram跨词序列、跨词结构Span跨距Specialized corpus专用语料库、专门用途语料库、专题语料库Standardized type/token ratio标准化类符 /形符比、标准化类/形比、标准化型次比Standardized TTR/STTR标准化类符 /形符比、标准化类/形比、标准化型次比Stand-off annotation分离式标注Stochastic随机的Stop list停用词表、过滤词表Stop word停用词、过滤词Synchronic corpus共时语料库Syntagmatic横组合（关系）的T score T 值T-universals目标语型共性（特征）Tag赋码、标记、附码Tagger赋码器、赋码工具、标注工具Tagging赋码、标注、附码Tag sequence赋码序列、码串Tagset赋码集、码集Tertium comparationis对比中立项、对比基础Text文本Text type文体、文类Text category文体、文类Text mining文本挖掘TEI/Text Encoding Initiative TEI 文本编码计划The Lexical Approach词汇中心教学法The Lexical Syllabus词汇大纲Token形符、词次Token definition/word definition形符界定、单词界定Tokenization分词Tokenizer分词工具Transcription转写Translation memory翻译记忆（库）Translation norms翻译规范Translationuniversals/Universal features of 翻译共性、翻译普遍特征translationTranslational corpus翻译语料库Translationese翻译体、翻译腔Treebank树库Trigram三元组、三元序列、三元结构T-score T 值Type类符、词种、词型TTR类符 /形符比、类 /形比、型次比Type/token ratio类符 /形符比、类 /形比、型次比Underuse少用、使用不足Unicode通用码Unicodify按通用码编码、转换为通用码Unit of meaning意义单位WaC/Web as Corpus网络语料库、网库Wildcard通配符Word alignment词对齐、词级对齐Word form词形Word family词族Word list词表Word sketch词语素描WSD/Word-sense disambiguation词义消歧XML/Extensible Markup Language可扩展标记语言Zipf ’ s Law/Zipfian Law齐夫定律Z score Z 值常用语料库ACE Australian Corpus of EnglishANC American National CorpusARCHER A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers BASE British Academic Spoken English CorpusBAWE British Academic Written English CorpusBNC British National CorpusBoE Bank of EnglishBrown Brown CorpusCANCODE Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English CEC China English CorpusCEM Corpus for English MajorsCHILDES Child Language Data Exchange SystemCIC Cambridge International CorpusCLEC Chinese Learners English CorpusCLOB2009 Brown family corpus of British EnglishCOBUILD Collins Birmingham University International Language Database COCA The Corpus of Contemporary American EnglishCOLSEC College Learners Spoken English CorpusCOLT Bergen Corpus of London Teenage LanguageCrown2009 Brown family corpus of American EnglishFLOB Freiburg-LOB Corpus of British EnglishFROWN Freiburg-Brown Corpus of American EnglishHelsinki Diachronic part of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts DiachroniccorpusHKCSE Hong Kong Corpus of Spoken EnglishICE International Corpus of EnglishICE-GB International Corpus of English: Great BritainICLE International Corpus of Learner EnglishJEFLL Japanese EFL Learner CorpusLCMC Lancaster Corpus Mandarin ChineseLINDSEI Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage LIVAC Linguistic Variations in Chinese Speech CommunitiesLLC London Lund CorpusLOB Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen CorpusLOCNESS Louvain Corpus of Native English EssaysLONGDALE LONGitudinal DAtabase of Learner EnglishMICASE Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken EnglishMICUSP Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student PapersNESSIE Native English Speakers ’Similarly and Identically-prompted EssaysPACCEL Parallel Corpus of Chinese EFL LearnersSBCSAE Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American EnglishSCCSD The Spoken Chinese Corpus of Situated DiscourseSCORE Singapore Corpus of Research in EducationSEC Spoken English CorpusSECCL Spoken English Corpus of Chinese LearnersSECOPETS Spoken English Corpus of Public English Test SystemSEU Survey of English UsageSWECCL Spoken and Written English Corpus of Chinese Learners WECCL Written English Corpus of Chinese LearnersLast updated 2012-08-08 by许家金。

GRE难词(自己总结1410分)

GRE难词（自己总结1410分）glossarya1.abet:唆使，引导，协助8.affront：侮辱，冒犯9.aggrandize：扩大，吹捧10.aggrieve：使受委屈11.align：排列成一条线，与...结盟12.amnesia：健忘症13.amplify：放大，详述14.anemia：贫血15.annul：宣告无效16.anorexia：厌食症17.apogee：远地点18.appeal：劝告，迎合，裁定19.aptitude：适合，就可以20.arable：可耕的21.ardent：热心的22.arid：干旱的，枯燥的23.articulate：确切的说道，切割24.asperity：严苛，轻蔑25.asset：财产，可取之处26.assiduous：刻苦的，专心的27.assume：假设，分担28.assumption：假设，夺回29.astringent：膨胀剂，凝血剂30.attic：阁楼31.attune：并使调和32.aversion：憎恶33.avert：防止34.avid：渴望的，热心的35.avow：宣称36.awry：扭曲的b1.bail：保释金2.ballot:投票3.barb：头槌，抨击的话4.bask：晒太阳5.bathetic：假装悲伤的，陈腐的6.belabor：过分冗长的说，痛打7.belie：掩饰，证明为假8.benediction：祝福9.berate：责骂10.besmirch：诽谤11.bibliography：文献学12.blandishment：阿谀奉承13.blast：一阵，冲击波，爆破，枯萎14.blatant：明显的，厚颜无耻的15.blunt：钝的，直率的16.bluster：猛刮17.blustering：嘈杂的18.bogus：骗人的19.bolt：急逃，门闩20.boom，经济繁荣时期，收到深邃的声音21.braid：辫子22.brash：性急，无礼23.brassy：厚脸皮，不敬的24.brink：边缘25.brood：一窝小鸟，冥思26.browbeat：欺侮27.bruit：散布28.brunt：主要的冲击力29.bugle：收缩30.bulk：体积，大多数31.bungle：笨拙的做32.buoy：浮标，积极支持，引导33.cadge：乞丐34.cajole：引诱35.callous：结硬块的，无情的36.canny：精明仔细的37.cant：倾斜，黑话38.cater：取悦，提供更多饮食服务39.caveat：警告40.chafe：擦热，惹怒41.charity：仁慈，施舍42.cipher：零，不重要的人，密码43.circumstantial：不关键的，叙述详尽44.clamor：嘈杂45.clash：冲突46.cleft：裂缝47.cloister：修道院48.cobbler：修鞋匠59.conjure：招唤，想到，张口60.connotation：内涵61.consternation：惊恐62.consummate：完全的，完成63.contest：竞争，对××表示怀疑64.contingent：意外的，视情况而定的65.contravene：违背66.contrive：设计67.contrived：不自然的68.contumacious：违抗的69.conundrum：难题70.convoke：招集开会讨论71.convulse：震动72.convulsion：骚动，痉挛73.corrugate：起波浪74.corpuscle：血球75.cosset：溺爱76.coterie：小团体77.coterminous：毗邻的78.counterfeit：假造79.countermand：撤回命令80.coup：意外的成功81.covenant：契约82.covet：贪求83.coy：害羞的84.cozen：蒙骗85.cram：填塞，临时抱佛脚86.crass：粗糙的87.cravat：领结88.crayon：蜡笔画89.crease：折痕90.crescendo：渐强，高潮91.cringe：急躁，逢迎92.crook：伸展的93.crusade：为理想而战94.culmination：顶点95.cupidity：贪婪的96.cytology：细胞学97.dawdle：闲荡98.debunk：揭露99.debut：初次登台100.decline：拒绝，削减101.decry：贬低，责难102.defile：弄脏，小道103.definitive：明晰的，存有权威的，最终的104.degradation：减少身份105.delimit：划界106.denigrate：毁谤107.denounce：责难d1.depose：撤职，出庭作证2.deprecate：驳斥，轻视3.depreciate：轻视，升值4.derelict：荒废的，渎职的，被遗弃的5.derogate：诽谤6.desultory：不连贯的，懒散的7.detached：分离的，超然的8.detraction：毁谤9.devour：大吃大喝10.diffuse：散布，散漫的，不简洁的11.din：喧闹12.dire：可怕的13.discharge：流入，辞退，履行义务14.dispatch：分配，快速的，剩饭剩菜15.displace：换妥，返回原位16.disruptive：生产纷乱的17.dissolute：无节制的18.dissolve：溶解19.distinction：差别，有名20.divert：并使转为，并使娱乐21.divulge：泄漏22.dodder：步履蹒跚23.dogged：固执的24.drawl：慢慢说25.droll：怪异的26.drone：单调的低音27.droop：低垂，沮丧28.dull：不独特的，急躁的29.duplicitous：狡诈的30.duress：威逼31.dutiful：合规的32.dyspeptic：消化不良的33.earthy：粗俗的。

Toefl iBT 高分作文高频词汇

T o e f l i B T高分作文高频词汇AAbove-mentioned adj.上述的Accolade n.称赞Aesthetic adj.审美的Affection n.友情；爱情Age-old adj.古老的Adage n.格言Adept adj.熟练的Adversity n.逆境Adversary n.对手Appease v.平息，安抚，缓和，使满足Approximately adv.大约Apex n.顶点，高潮Aptitude n.才能，才华Attest v.证明；表明Ailment n.疾病Ambassador n.使者，大使Amiable adj.和蔼的Anatomy n.解剖学Anarchic adj.无政府主义的Anarchy n.无政府状态，政治混乱Antisocial adj.孤僻的，不善社交的;反社会的Aquatic adj.水的，水生的Assimilation n.同化Asthma n.哮喘Amicably adv.友好地Assume v.假定，假如Asset n.资源Attribute n.特征Athletically adv.运动性地Awry adj.错误的Arena n.舞台；领域Array n.展示，排列，盛装Artificially adv.人工地Acquaintanceship n.相识Authority n.负责人Autographe n.亲笔签名Alarmingly adv.惊人地Alter v.改变Alleged adj.所谓的Ark n.方舟BBarmaid n.酒吧女招待Barbeque n.烧烤；烤肉野餐Bare adj.无遮蔽的；赤裸的；秃的Barren adj.荒芜的Basal adj.基础的Balcony n.阳台Bulb n.电灯泡Buzzword n时髦词汇，漂亮口号Boast v.自夸，以拥有~而自豪Bond v.维系，联结Bonding adj.联络感情的Bonus n.奖赏Blameworthy adj.该受责备的Blockbuster n.一鸣惊人者Bustling adj.繁忙的，热闹的；熙熙攘攘的CCast n.投掷，抛射Camaraderie n.友情，同志之爱Catalyst n.催化剂；接触剂Captivate v.迷住，迷惑Charismatic adj.有超凡魅力的Cholesterol n.胆固醇Coerce v.强制，强迫Collective adj.集合的，共同的Confine v.限制，禁闭Complex n.综合性建筑Compromising adj.妥协的，让步的Commute v.每天往返上班；定期往返于两地间Copious adj.很多的，丰富的Conceive v.构思，以为Conceivable adj.可想象的，可能的Connotation n.涵义，言外之意Conjure v.想象，变出Conjecture n.推测Considerably adv,相当大地Counterpart n.极为相似的人或物，副本；对应物Connoisseur n.鉴赏家Corresponding adj.相应的，通讯的Controversial adj.争论的，争议的Contemplate v.沉思Coupling n.联结，接合，耦合Conceptual adj.概念上的Conductive adj.有助于~的Confront v.面对Congest v.使充满，使拥塞Console v.安慰，慰藉Consumption n.消费；消费量Consensus n.共识，意见一致Consistent adj.始终如一的Controversial adj.有争议的Couch n.睡椅Courtesy n.礼貌Core n.中心Copious adj.丰富的Civic adj.市的，市政的Closeness n.亲密Crucial adj.决定性的Culinary adj.厨房的，厨房用的Curl v.蜷曲Chunk n.大块，相当大的数量Cuisine n.烹饪DDay-to-day adj.日常的，例行的Dean n.院长Debris n.碎石Decent adj.不错的，相当好的Decomposition n.分解，腐败，腐烂Democratic adj.民主的，民主主义的Depravity n.堕落，腐坏Desensitize v.使不敏感Determinative n.起决定性作用的事Detrimental adj.有害的Degradation n.堕落，退化Demographic adj.人口的，人口统计学的Documentary n.纪录片Disc jockey（DJ）电台音乐节目主持人Discern v.洞悉，识别Disheveled adj.不整洁的Distract v.分散~的注意力Dissemination n.分发，传播Dramatically adv.戏剧性地；剧烈地；引人瞩目的Drastically adv.激烈地Dissipate v.驱散Disposal n.布置，安排Disseminate v.散布Discourse n.谈话，讲话Discipline n.修养Disguise n.伪装Dissipate v.消散Divine adj.神的，神圣的Divergent adj.有分歧的，不同的Distinctive adj.与众不同的，有特色的Dramatically adv.极大地Duplicate n.完全相同的东西EEcosystem n.生态系统Elevator n.电梯Etcetera n.附加的人；附加物；等等Etiquette n.礼节Esteem n.尊重；尊敬Enamel n.瓷釉；vt.涂上瓷釉Entertainer n.演艺人员Enduring adj.持久的Engross v.用大字体书写；吸引Endeavor n.努力，尽力Endow v.赋予Enchant adj.使~入迷Ethics n.道德规范，伦理Endorse v.认可，签署Enforce v.实施，执行；强迫Errand n.差事Epitomize v.摘要；成为···缩影Emanate v.散发，发出；发源Embody vt.具体表达，包含Empathy n.通感Empirical adj.根据经验的，实用的Endeavor n,努力，尽力Excel v.优秀，胜过别人Exceptionally adv.格外地，特别地Exceedingly adv.及其，非常Expertise n.专门技能；专门知识Exploitative adj.开发资源的Explicitly adv.明白地Exponentially adv.成指数地，越来越快地Exorbitant adj.昂贵的Exorbitantly adv,过分地Equation n.相等，平衡，综合体Equalizer n.平衡器Elimination n消除Evoke v.唤起，引起FFancy adj.花哨的Fame n.声明，声望Fatal adj.致命的，重大的Flora n.植物Framework n.框架，构架，结构Feat n.技艺，功绩forge v.塑造Foster v.培养Frivolously adv.轻浮地，愚昧地Frivolity n.无聊的东西Fulfilling adj.有成就感的，有满足感的Flawlessly adv.无误地Flavor n.滋味Flip v.快速翻动，轻抛GGaiety n.欢乐的气氛Gear v.使适用于，调整，搭配活动Gesture n.表示Gloat v.心满意足Gracious adj.亲切的，高尚的Grant n.赠款Gospel n.真理Greenery n.草木Gross v.总共赚得Grumble n.怨言v.抱怨Grim adj.严峻的Grinding adj.折磨的HHaggard adj.憔悴的Halt n.停住，止步Hands-on adj.亲身实践的Handcrafted adj.手工的Handmade adj.手工制作的Habitual adj.习惯性的Habitat n.栖息地Hasty adj.轻率的Harness v.掌握Hearty adj.丰盛的Healing adj.有治疗功用的Heavy adj.油腻的Harshly adv.严厉地，苛刻地Hibernation n.冬眠Hindrance n.障碍Hygienic adj.卫生的Humanoid adj.人形的Humble adj.卑微的，微贱的Hectic adj.发热的，兴奋的Heavenly adj.神圣的IIconic adj.图标的Idolize v.极度崇拜Incredibly adv.非常,极端地Indecision n.优柔寡断，犹豫不决Inevitably adv.不可避免地Ingrained adj.根深蒂固的Impulsive adj.冲动的Implement n.工具；器具Immobility n.牢固Inherent adj.内在的，与生俱来Intelligent adj.智能的Intensive adj.集中的Intently adv.专注地，专心的Incorporate v.综合，合并Intricate adj.错综复杂的Intimate adj.亲密的Intensity n.强度Intense adj.极端的Indulge vi.沉溺Ideological adj.意识形态的，思想的Introverted adj.性格内向的；含蓄的Intrinsic adj.内在的，本质的Irrefutably adv.无可辩驳地Interact vi.相互交往Innumerable adj.数不清的，无数的Innocent adj.纯真的Innovation n.改革创新Innovative adj.创新的Irritating adj.令人不愉快的Insight n.见识，见解（+on) Inexpert adj.不熟练的Infamous adj.声名狼藉的Indispensable adj.不可缺少的Inspiration n.灵感Inseminate v.向~授精Immune adj.免疫的Illustrate v.举例说明，阐明Ill adj.卑劣的Impoverish v.使贫穷，使枯竭Impair v.削弱Indicator n.指示器；指示针；指标Intensely adv,剧烈地，热情地Intensive adj.密集的Interrelate v.互相关联Interrupted adj.被中断的Intertwine v.(使)缠绕Intricate adj.错综复杂的Irreconcilable adj.不协调的，矛盾的Inevitably adv,不可避免地Indulge v.迁就JJasmine n.茉莉，素馨，淡黄色Juxtaposition n.毗邻，并置，并列KKinship n.亲密关系LLaminate n.层压板Lavatory n.洗手室，厕所Likelihood n.可能性Logic n.逻辑Lonesome adj.感到寂寞的MMarshland n.沼泽地Metaphysics n.玄学Metropolis n.首都，大都会Metaphor n.隐喻，暗喻，比喻说话Massive adj.厚重的，大块的Maturity n.成熟，到期，完备Manifest v.出现；表明Manual n.手册；指南Maid n.仆人Malevolent adj.有恶意的，坏心肠的Manipulative adj.操纵的，控制的；巧妙处理的Messy adj.凌乱的，杂论的Merit n.优点Memento n.纪念品Monetary adj.货币的，金钱的Migration n.迁徙Misinterpretation n.曲解，误译Mystical adj.神秘的Monotonous adj.单调的，无变化的Mountainous adj.山一般的，巨大的Mode n.方式，样式Myth n.神话NNamely adv.即，也就是Navigate v.航行，航海；驾驶Nomad n.游牧民Nominal adj.金额极小的Norm n.标准，规范Notoriety n.恶名，声名狼藉；名声远扬Notorious adj.声名狼藉的Notoriously adv.臭名昭著地，众所周知地Nicotine n.尼古丁Nuance n.颜色，意义等细微差别OOblivion n.遗忘Occurrence n.事件Off-limits adj.禁止入内的Overall 总的来说Overwhelming adj.压倒性的Overwhelmingly adv.极其Onlooker n.旁观者，观众Outlet n.途径，发泄途径Outperform v.比~做得好PProgrammer n.程序员Partial adj.Parallel n.平行线，平行面Partake v.参加，参与；享受Paycheck n.付薪水的支票；薪水Patriotic adj.爱国的，有爱国心的Parvenu n.暴发户Photosynthesis n.光合作用Pockmark n.痘痕，麻子Poignantly adv.（味觉，嗅觉方面）刺激地Pop n.汽水Postage n.邮资，邮费Posit v.提出以供考虑或研究的建议；假定，认为Porthole n.通道Prevalent adj.普通的；流行的Preoccupy v.使全神贯注，迷住Prickly adj.易怒的Perception n.感知Peer n.同伴，同辈；同等的人；v.盯着看Perfume n.香水Pester v.纠缠Procrastinate v,延迟，耽搁Prophet n.先知，预言家Profound adj.深远的Proficient adj.熟练地，精通的Propose v,建议，向~提议Puberty n.青春期Prominent adj.卓越的，显著的Prolong vt.延长Prosperity n.兴旺，繁盛Precise adj.精确的，准确的Presumptuous adj.自以为是的Preferable adj.可取的Phonograph n.留声机，电唱机Phase n.阶段Phenomenal adj.出众的，非常的Photography n.摄影，摄影术Perspective n.观点，看法；见解，洞察Perceive v.理解，领悟Plague v.折磨，使苦恼Playful adj.活泼的，有趣的Plethora n.过多，过剩Plumbing n.管道装置Prominent adj.突出的，显著的Prudent adj.谨慎的，慎重的Present v.介绍，引荐Publicist n.公共关系顾问Picturesque adj.独特的QQuery n.质问RRatio n.比例，比率Readily adv.容易地Rookie n.新手；新兵Recruit v.聘用Refresh v.使恢复精神Rejuvenate v.使恢复活力Remedy n.补救法Retain v.保持，保留Resounding adj.响亮的Repetitive adj.重复的；反复性的Revelation n.显示，揭露，启示Relevant adj.有实际重要性的Regarding prep.关于~Ripple n.波动，起伏Reject v.否认Resume n.个人简历Reckon v.认为SSanitation n.卫生设备；环境卫生Sanctuary n.避难所Savvy adj.有见识的Savor v.尽情享受Spark v.激发Scrutiny n.详细审查Stationary adj.固定的Stable adj.稳定的Stability n.稳定性Stimulating v.促进Serenity n.平静Sensation n.感情，耸人听闻的Sensible adj.合理的Self-perceived adj.自以为的Soothing adj.平静的Sooth v.使~平静Shed v.流下；流出，发散Showcase n.陈列柜；v.使~展现Slumber n.睡眠Silt n.泥沙Signify v.象征，预示Sizable adj.相当大的Socialize v.交往Solely adv.独自地，单独地；仅仅Solidify v.巩固Sophisticated adj精致的，复杂的，富有经验的Socialization n.交际Spacious adj.宽敞的Spontaneously adv.自然地Sportsmanship n.运动家精神Stimulus n.促进(因素)；刺激(物) Stimulating adj.刺激的，有刺激性的Stool n.马桶Subtlety n.微妙Supplement v.辅助Supervise v.监督Surpass v.超越，胜过Sub-culture n.亚文化，次文化Subjective adj.主观的Subconsciously adv.下意识地Sustainability n.可持续性Susceptible adj.易得病的Studious adj.勤学的，认真的Strategy n.策略，计策Steady adj.平稳的，稳定的Sneaker n.运动鞋Succinctly adv.简洁地，简便地Speculation n.思索TTaboo adj.禁忌的，忌讳的Tardy adj.迟到Tantrum n.发怒Tedious adj.单调乏味的Trailer n.追踪者Transpire v.蒸发Tolerance n.宽容Tolerant adj.包容的Topsoil n.地表土Token n.筹码，信物，纪念品Thoughtful adj.善于思考的Toil n.辛苦；苦工Toss v.投掷Thrift n.节俭，节约Thrive v.兴旺，繁荣Titillate v.瘙痒；使愉快Time-honored adj.历史悠久的Turbulent adj.骚动的，动乱的UUnderage adj.未成年的，未到法定年龄的Uncaring adj.漠不关心的，冷漠的Uncouth adj.粗俗的Uninformed adj.未充了解情况的，莽撞的Utilize v.利用Utilitarian adj.实际的Utmost adj.极度的，最大的Unwind v.放松，松弛Ultimately adv.最终地Urinal n.小便处；尿壶Upheaval n.剧变VVancouver n.温哥华Vaccination n.接种疫苗Valid adj.合理的；正确的Venture v.冒险Venue n.审判地，犯罪地点Versatile adj.多方面的Vicious adj.恶意的Vedioconference n.视频会议Visionary n.空想家，梦想者Visualize v.想象出Visibly adv.显然地Vigorous adj.强大的Virtual adj.虚拟的V oice n.发言权Vulnerable adj.脆弱的WWary adj.小心谨慎的Warrant v.授权，证明Wasteland n.废墟Weld v.焊接Westernization n.西化Well-adjusted 有教养的Whence adv&conj.从那里Whereas adj.鉴于，而~ Whatsoever adv.任何地Wield v.支配，掌握，拥有Withstand v.抵御，承受Workout n.体育锻炼；测验XYZ。

单词起源,英语单词

单词起源,英语单词篇一：200个英语单词的起源200个英语单词的起源1、chemistry化学古代的炼金术士们总想找到一种方法，将低贱的金属变为金子。

现在通过原子裂变的原理表明，他们的这种想法并非一般人们想象的那么愚蠢。

古埃及人入侵欧洲后，将他们所研究的炼金术，连同其命名al-kimia一起传入欧洲。

后来，这个词变成alchemy，“炼金的人”叫做alchemist，最后成了chemistry。

“化学”的概念就是从“炼金术”演变来的。

2、geology地质学“地质学”是研究形成地球的物质和地壳构造，以探讨地球的形成和发展的科学。

geology是从希腊语来的，ge即“earth”；-ology，“science”，即研究地球本身的科学。

3、law法律“法律”是立法机关制定的、国家政权保证执行的行为规则。

law在古英语中写作lagu，意即“somethinglaiddown（规定下来的事情）”。

4、electricity电古希腊人常用琥珀制作爱情护符，确信戴着这种护符的人可以引来爱人。

他们发现，磨擦琥珀可以吸引羽毛、线头等小东西，磨擦时会放出火花。

他们就把这种磨擦起电的现象叫做elektron。

来自希腊语elektor，意即“发光的太阳”，进入拉丁语后写作electrum。

英语演变为electricity。

5、atom原子古希腊人认为，特质是不可能无限止地分割下去的，越分越小，最后小到不可再分。

他们把“原子”叫做atomos：a即“not”；tomos，“cut”意即“不能再分割”以后这个词在英语中演变为atom。

尽管后来发现“原子”并非“不可再分割”，然而约定俗成，“原子”的名字仍然以atom流传下来。

6、uranium铀“铀”是一种放射性金属元素，化学符号为u，主要用来产生原子能。

著名的物理学家居里夫人曾用铀作实验，发现了放射现象。

uranium这个词从希腊神话中一位神的名字去的。

1781年，英籍德国天文学家赫瑟尔（sirwilliamherschel）辨认出了颗尚未被人们辨认出的行星，于是他就借予了希腊神话中“天王”ouranos的名字，命名这颗行星为uranus。

高级词汇

一二三四Acme :n.顶点,极致accost ：vt.搭话boo:v.作嘘声Denunciate ：vt.(=denounce)公Autobiography :n.自传castigation ：n.苛责，惩罚blurb:n.夸大的广告或介绍词Dissolute ：adj.放荡的,风流的,肆意Azure :adj.蔚蓝的carnal ：adj.肉体的,肉欲的,性欲eclat:n.显赫之成功,荣誉Ellipsis ：n.省略,省略符号Adolescent :adj.青春期的,青春的chagrin ：n.委屈，懊恼,气愤albeit:conj.虽然Coterie ：n.同行,圈内人,伙伴austere:adj.严峻的,严厉的,操行上avow ：vt 公开声明；承认blaspheme:v.亵渎,咒骂,辱骂Conversant ：adj.亲近的,有交情的,amorous:adj.多情的,恋爱的,表示爱atrocity ：n.残暴,暴行,凶恶camaraderie:n.同志之爱,友情Doyen ：n.老资格,老前辈,首席anchorite:n.隐者,隐士avert ：v.转移blunder:v.犯大错,做错Deject ：vt.使沮丧,使灰心apprentice:n.学徒caprice ：n.反复无常,任性,怪想candor:n.坦白,直率Earnest ：adj.认真的,热心的,重要的apex:n.顶点chameleon ：n.变色龙emulate:n.仿效Console ：vt.安慰,藉慰auxiliary:adj.辅助的,补助的charlatan ：n.吹牛者enduring:adj.持久的,不朽的doctrine:n.教条,学说adversary:n.敌手,对手braggadocio ：n.自夸,吹牛大王bootless:adj.无用的,无益的confidant:n.心腹朋友,知己axiom:n.[数]公理blatant ：adj.炫耀的，喧嚣的,俗丽cantankerous:adj.脾气坏的,爱吵架distinguished:adj.卓著的,著名的,高aphorism ：n.格言,警语,谚语bombast ：n.夸大的言辞brattish:adj.讨厌的,被惯坏的,幼稚dissociate:v.分离,游离,分裂aplomb:n.沉着,泰然,垂直cogent ：adj.强有力的,使人信服的,bland:adj.温和的,柔和的fervid:adj.热的,热心的apropos:adj.adv.适当地,恰好的coeval ：adj.同时代的n.同时代的bonhomie:n.温和,敦厚coquette:n.卖弄风情之女子artifice:n.技巧chasm ：n.深坑,裂口，分歧,隔阂resplendent:adj.辉煌的,灿烂的,光辉drivel:n.流口水,胡言乱语,糊涂话apothegm ：n.格言,箴言,警句circumlocutory ：委婉曲折的,迂回cadge:v.行乞,乞讨,贩卖discerning:adj.有辨识能力的antic ：n.丑角,滑稽动作adj.奇特circumvent ：vt.围绕,包围,智取entreaty:n.恳求,乞求dupe:n.易受骗的人,易受愚弄的人arduous ：adj.费劲的,辛勤的,险峻的brevity ：n.(时间)短暂,(讲话,文章brittle:adj.易碎的,脆弱的distraught:adj.发狂的aegis:n.保护,庇护,支持coalesce ：v.接合；结合；合并entrap:v.诱陷confluence:n.汇合affliction:n.痛苦,苦恼clique ：n.私党,小圈子,派系,阀bygone:n.过去的事despondent:adj.沮丧的anthropoid:n.类人猿carp ：vi.吹毛求疵bliss:n 幸福；极乐deliberate:adj.深思熟虑的,故意的,arcane:adj.神秘的,不可思议的cavalier ：n.骑士,武士,对女人献殷elegant:adj.文雅的,端庄的,雅致corroborate:vt.使坚固,确证avenge:vt.为...报复,报仇cavil ：vi.挑剔,找错elite:n.精华,精锐,中坚分子Enrapture:vt.使狂喜asset:n.资产,有用的东西censorious ：adj.受批判的,挑剔的erudite:adj.博学的sedulous:adj.坚韧不拔的affinity:n吸引力,姻亲关系,亲合coax ：v.哄,耐心使...espouse:vt.嫁娶,支持,赞成extrovert:n.性格外向者affiliate:v.(使...)加入,接受为会员hoax ：v.愚弄brazen:adj.厚颜无耻的,黄铜制的corrosive:adj.腐蚀的,蚀坏的,腐蚀性arresting:adj.引人注意的,可观的blandishment ：n.奉承,哄诱elf:n.恶人,小精灵,矮人,淘气鬼,恶作depravity:n.堕落artful:adj.巧妙的,狡猾的cede ：vt.放弃cajole:vt.以甜言蜜语哄骗,勾引dolorous:adj.忧伤的,悲痛的aloof:adj.孤零的,冷淡的sacrifice ：v/n.牺牲,献出,献祭,供epilogue:n.结语,尾声,[戏]收场白Daft:adj.愚蠢的alibi:n.辩解,托辞,[律]犯罪现场caveat ：n.警告,告诫epitomize:vt.摘要,概括,成为...缩影Dolt:n.呆子,傻瓜,笨蛋animus:n.敌意,意图captivate ：vt.迷住,迷惑boggle:v.犹豫Deride:vt.嘲弄,嘲笑apathetic:adj.缺乏兴趣的,缺乏感情capitulate ：vi.有条件投降,认输,屈embolden:vt.使大胆,使有胆量,使勇Comely:adj.清秀的,标致的cherubic ：adj.天使的,天真无邪的,elastic:adj.弹性的dignity:n.尊严,高贵chic ：adj.别致的esoteric:adj.深奥的diffident:adj.缺乏自信的cloying ：adj.甜的发腻的enigmatic ：adj.谜一般的,高深莫测cower:vi.畏缩,退缩clumsy ：adj.笨拙的elaborate ：vt.精心制作,详细阐述Finesse:n.手腕,精密技巧,灵巧,策clairvoyant ：adj.透视的,有洞察力的n.透视者,千里眼的人cabal ：n.阴谋cessation ：n.停止五六七八guffaw:vi.哄笑,狂笑;n.哄笑,狂笑vt.philanthropic:adj.博爱的indispensable ：adj.不可缺少的,venerate:v.崇敬imperturbable:adj.沉着的,冷静的flinch:vi.畏缩,退缩,畏首畏尾salubrious:adj.有益健康的remonstrate:v.抗议hale:adj.强壮的,健壮的quail:v.感到恐惧crucial:adj.至关紧要的rag:vt.揶揄,戏弄,欺负hideous:v.骇人听闻的,可怕的adj.fiasco:n.惨败,大失败,可耻的下场matriculate:v.被录取入学n.被录取auspicious:n.吉兆的,幸运的grin:n.露齿笑,裂口笑pluck:n.勇气scanty:adj.缺乏的,不足的,稀疏的,俭untoward:adj.麻烦的,困难的,不幸deprecate:vt.抗议,不赞成,抨击,反fascinating:adj.迷人的,醉人的,着魔apposite:adj.适当的felicity:n.幸福,幸运,福气,(措辞等)mawkish:adj 自作多情的；感情脆plumpy ：adj.丰满的intrepidly:adv.无畏地,勇猛地propitious:adj.吉利的glorify:v.使更壮丽,赞扬knead:vt.揉(面等)成团,捏制(面包、repertoire:n.(准备好演出的)节目,保abjectly:adv.悲惨地,卑鄙地exquisite:adj.优美的,高雅的,精致pliable:adj.易曲折的,柔软的,圆滑ineluctable:adj.不可避免的,无法逃extravagant:adj.奢侈的,浪费的,过分gibe:v.嘲笑n.嘲笑querulously:adj.吹毛求疵的vulgar:adj.粗俗的,庸俗的,普通的,通sumptuous:adj.奢侈的,华丽的disdain:n.轻蔑,以高傲的态度对待placate:v.安抚squalid:adj.肮脏的dissipated:adj.沉迷于酒色的,消散dullard:n.愚人,笨蛋demolish:vt.毁坏,破坏,推翻,粉碎prologue:n.序言shuttle:v.穿梭往返eulogize:vt.称赞,颂扬pout:v.撅嘴,绷脸scurrilously:adv.下流地,粗野无礼pledge:vt.保证,使发誓,抵押,典当,extol:v.赞美rant:v.咆哮,激昂地说sulk:n.生气,愠怒,愠怒的人v.生气,insolent:adj.傲慢的,无礼的,侮慢的immaculate:adj.完美的indemnity:n.赔偿物,赔款,补偿,保sanctimonious:adj.假装神圣的ensue:vi.跟着发生,继起lethal:adj.致命的n.致死因子redress:n.赔偿,救济,矫正sullen:adj.愠怒的,沉沉不乐的,(天气rejoice:v.(使)欣喜,(使)高兴,喜悦foible:n.弱点,(性格上的)缺点,自负execrate:vt.痛骂,憎恨,憎恶,诅咒reprehensible:adj.应斥责的,应该谴lug:v.拖拉genial:adj.亲切的petulance:n.闹气,性急scurvy:adj.下流的,卑鄙的,无礼的symphony:n.交响乐,交响曲facetious:adj.幽默的,滑稽的,喜开玩rapscallion:n.流氓,恶棍sordid:adj.肮脏scowl:vi.皱眉头,怒目而视vt.板着wretched:adj.可怜的,悲惨的,肮脏maudlin:adj.感情脆弱的n.脆弱的vicious:adj.恶的,不道德的,恶意的,tantalize:vt.逗弄,使干着急denouement:n.结局lacrimose:爱哭的,悲戚的;悲哀的uncouth:adj.笨拙的,粗俗的,不舒适veer:vi.转向,(风向)顺(时针)转vt.exultantly:adv.狂欢地,欢欣鼓舞地mirth:n.欢笑高兴riveting:adj.迷人的frigidly:adv.冷淡地,呆板地incipient:adj.初始的flush:n.奔流,晕红,激动,chide ：v.斥责,责骂cordial:adj.热忱的,诚恳的,兴奋的knack:n.诀窍ebullience:n.沸腾,热情洋溢,热情rubicund ：adj.(脸色,肤色等)红润well-off:adj.顺利的,走运的,手头宽hauteur:n.傲慢,自大embrace:vt.拥抱,互相拥抱,包含,收saunter ：n.vi.闲逛,漫步feverishly:adv.兴奋地fastidious:adj.难取悦的,挑剔的,苛求pulchritude:n.美丽,标致ruffian ：n.流氓,恶棍,无赖adj.凶triumph:n.胜利,成功v.获得胜利morose:adj.郁闷的,乖僻的linger:v.逗留,闲荡,拖延,游移ribald ：adj.下流的anecdote:n.轶事,奇闻estimable:adj.可尊敬的,可估计的,<malicious ：adj.怀恶意的,恶毒的irate ：adj.生气,发怒的tantrum:n.发脾气,发怒heinous:adj.可憎的,极恶的probity:n.正直despicable ：adj.可鄙的,卑劣的distressed:adj.哀伤的heirloom:n.传家宝,相传动产rectitude ：n.正直,公正,清廉,笔直smirk ：v.傻笑n.假笑inexpedient:adj.不适宜的inculcate:v.导：n.轶事,calamity:n.灾难,不幸事件ignominy:n.耻辱：n.诗,文选luxurious:adj.奢侈的,豪华的evict:v.驱逐,逐出(租户),收回(租屋camouflage:v.非常大,过分丰富的,homage:n.敬意libertine:n.羁者,玩乐者,浪坚韧idolatrize:v.奉为偶像,盲目崇拜archetype:n.原型痛苦,悲惨的,可怜buffoon:n.小丑,超自然的v.掩话的,诚实的,准确音调venal adj. 贪污的shrewd adj. 精明integral:adj.完整的,整体的,wafflevi.闲聊,胡扯spendthrift n.挥霍者gab vi.空谈,唠叨, 瞎扯vexation:n.恼怒,烦恼,着急,苦恼的swill vt.涮,冲洗,痛饮, 倒出limousine n.豪华轿车jovial adj.快活的,高兴的, 愉快的invective:n.恶言漫骂adj.漫骂的,revelry n. 狂欢stint v. 紧缩节省rue v.后悔,悲伤,懊悔commitment:n.委托事项,许诺,承担retrospect n. 回顾quotidian adj.每日的, 每日发作sputa n.(pl.)口水,痰（sputum 的复abrogate:vt.废除,取消synergic adj.协作的, 合作的lambaste vt.痛打,严责providential adj.幸运的excruciating:adj.极痛苦的,折磨人stature n.身高,身材, (精神、道德volition n. 意志dispassion n.冷静,公平unequivocable:adj.毫不含糊的,清楚tantamount adj.等价inveigh vi.猛烈抨击, 痛骂, 漫骂furtive adj.偷偷摸摸的, 鬼鬼祟祟predecessor:n.前辈,前任,wanadj.苍白的,无血色的, 病态eloquence n.雄辩，口才leer vi.送秋波,斜视pinnacle:n.小尖塔,山顶,顶点pine v.消瘦,憔悴, 渴望, 渴慕licentious adj.放肆的usurp v.篡夺,篡位, 侵占plagiarize:v.剽窃,抄袭languid adj.疲倦的, 无力的, 没精overbearing adj.傲慢的, 专横的consent vi.同意,赞成, 答应precursor:n.先驱stalwart adj.坚定的specious adj.外表美观, 华而不实opulent adj.富裕的, 丰富的, 丰饶Derive from:v.得自,由来,衍生levelheaded adj.头脑冷静的,清醒sagacious adj.有洞察力的, 有远见mediocre adj.普普通通的philistine:庸人，俗人whiff vt.吹送,喷出, 吸, [棒]使被三thwart vt.反对,阻碍, 横过eccentric adj. 古怪votary ：n.信仰者languor n.疲倦；身心疲惫sanction v.批准,同意, 支持, 鼓励,tug v.用力拖,吃力地搬运, 苦干,deify:v.神化,崇拜lethargy n. 无生气tacit adj. 默许的meditate v.想,考虑,（尤指宗教上preeminent ：adj.卓越的languish vi.憔悴,凋萎, 衰退, 苦思ratify vt.批准,认可jabber v.快而含糊地说, 吱吱喳喳pithy:adj.有髓的,精练的lassitude n. 疲乏entreat v.恳求,乞求blurt vt.未加思索地冲口说出, 突然dilettante:浅薄的人；半瓶醋，enliven vt.使生气的, 使活泼, 使生squander v. 浪费imprudent adj.轻率的, 鲁莽的pinpoint:n.精确adj.极微小的v.查abruptly adv.突然地, 唐突地gait n. 步态, 步法mumble v.喃喃而语, 咕哝harbinger:n.先驱,预兆irascible adj.易怒的, 暴躁的patrician n. 贵族footloose adj.自由自在的, 到处走sublime:adj.庄严的,崇高的,壮观loutish adj.粗野的, 无礼的prudish adj.装正经的, 过分规矩shackle vt.加桎梏, 加枷锁, 束缚amusement:n.娱乐,消遣,娱乐活动jaunty adj.感到自信和自满的, 洋洋supercilious adj.自大的, 傲慢的,fetter vt.束缚,加脚镣divulge:vt.泄露,暴露sordid adj. 肮脏spoil vt.损坏,搞糟, 宠坏, 溺爱snarl vt.使缠结,搞乱, 咆哮着说stroll:n.漫步,闲逛,四处流浪v.闲逛,taint v. 感染cosset vt.宠爱,珍爱, 溺爱mire v. 陷入prepossessing:adj.引人注意的bribe vt.贿赂,向...行贿urbane adj.彬彬有礼的, 文雅的imbroglio n.杂乱的一团, 纠葛, 纷puckish:adj.淘气的,恶作剧的clout n. 权力,权势sprightly adj.轻快的vapid adj.索然乏味的persiflage:n.戏弄,挖苦seduction n.诱惑；勾引；诱奸tiff vi.小争吵,生气sham v.佯装n.伪品 adj. 虚假的bully:vt.威吓,威逼squabble v. 争论munificent adj.宽宏的, 慷慨的infirm adj.弱的,不坚固的, 柔弱的garment:n.衣服,外衣,外表appraise v. 评价tightfisted adj.吝啬的palpable adj.可触知的, 明显的grisly:adj.恐怖的,可怕的,令人毛骨smuggle v. 走私stingy adj. 吝啬的, 小气的, 缺乏的, 有刺的callous adj.无情的, 冷淡的, 硬结ghastly:adv.可怖地,惨白地rekindle v.重新点燃carouse v. 狂欢作乐inexorable adj.无情的somber:adj.阴森的,昏暗的,阴天十二jocund adj. 欢乐的, 高兴的compunction n.良心的谴责, 后悔,revile:v.辱骂,斥责crouchvi.蜷缩,蹲伏ruminate v. 反刍, 沉思sober adj. 冷静的lugubrious:可怜的,悲惨的,悲哀的staid adj. 沉静的rapt adj. 全神贯注的despondent adj. 沮丧的sedate adj.安静的, 稳重的euphoria n. 精神欢快.欣快, 兴高采烈truant n. 逃避者 adj. 逃避vacillate v.犹豫不定begrudge vt. 嫉妒, 羡慕, 舍不得给shirk vi. 逃避, 推卸irkvt.使厌倦,使苦恼looped adj. 酩酊大醉的, 成圈的consummate vt. 完成, 使达到极点bemoan vt. 哀叹tenacious adj. 顽强的pensive adj. 沉思的十三十四十五十六ramble v. 漫游sequester adv.幽静的, 隐蔽的nk adj. 瘦的, （树等）细长的, （草等）稀疏的, intimidate v. 胁迫impecunious adj. (经常)没有钱的, 身无分文的, 贫穷的stealth n.秘密行动resuscitate v. (使)复苏, (使)复兴peeve v. (使)气恼, (使)焦躁, (使ambulate v. 走动taciturn adj.沉默寡言的perturb v. 感到不安reticent adj. 沉默寡言的nag v. 不断地唠叨, 恼人unkempt adj. 蓬乱的, 粗野的, 不整洁的stentorian adj. 声音洪亮的stolid adj. 不易激动的, 感觉迟mercenary adj. 唯利是图的euphemism n. [语法]委婉的说法resonant adj. 引起共鸣的stoic n.高度自制者；坚忍克己之rapacious adj. 掠夺的, 贪婪的solace n. 安慰 v. 安慰retort v. 反驳, 反击, 回报subterfuge n. 托词upbraid v. 责备palliate v. 减轻prolix adj. 冗长的, 说话罗嗦的primp v. 打扮, 装饰envy n. vt. 羡慕, 嫉妒convivial adj. 欢宴的, 欢乐的tamper vi. 干预, 玩弄, 贿赂, 损害, 削弱, 篡改garment n. 衣服, 外衣, 外表jealousy n. 嫉妒parsimony n. 过度节俭, 吝啬rile vt. 激怒, 使恼怒seemly adj. 适宜的vehement adj. 激烈的, 猛烈的, (情感)热烈的quaff v. 一口气喝干, 大口地喝 n. 一饮而尽, 痛饮roil vt. 煽动, 激怒s accharine adj. 糖质的, 含糖的spat vi. 一巴掌打去, 争吵palatable adj. 美味的vituperative adj. 责骂的ingratiating adj. 逢迎的, 迷人solicitous adj. 热切期望的savory adj. 风味极佳的, 可口的, 味美的whet vt. 磨, 磨快, 使兴奋debonair adj. 殷勤的, 高兴的, 快nonchalant adj. 冷淡的reprimand n. 申斥 0meddle v. 管闲事fervidly adv. 热情地, 激情地relentless adj. 无情的reprove v. 责备obliterate vt. 涂去, 删除, 使湮没scrupulous adj. 小心谨慎的, 细rebuff v. 回绝rail vi. 责骂, 抱怨w arp vt. 弄歪, 使翘曲, 使不正常, 歪曲, 使有偏见panegyric n. 颂词, 推崇备至grave n. 墓穴, 坟墓 adj. 严重的, (颜色)黯淡的, (声音)低沉的wastrel n. 废物inculpable adj. 无罪的peerless adj. 出类拔萃的, 无可ominous adj. 预兆的, 恶兆的, 不吉利的mollycoddle vt. 溺爱, 娇生惯养wobble vt. 使摇摆, 使颤动scintillating adj.发出火花, 才grief n. 悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤repose vt. 使休息, 寄托于scrappy adj. 爱打架的, 斗志旺盛的, 细小的, 碎屑的prevaricate v. 支吾搪塞mournful adj. 悲哀的soothe vt. 使(某人,其神经,其情绪)平静, 安慰, 使(痛苦,疼痛)缓和或减irresolute adj. 犹豫不决的respite v. 暂缓nadir n. [天] 天底, 最底点, 最低点reprobate v. 非难reckless adj. 不计后果的invigorate v. 鼓舞saturnine n. 阴郁impute vt. 归罪于, 归咎于, 归因于temerity n. 卤莽, 蛮勇wince v. 退缩misanthrope n. 厌恶人类的人, 不愿与人来往者judicious adj. 明智的protuberant adj. 突起的, 凸出的, 隆起的transitory adj. 短时间的propitiate v. 劝解j ubilant adj. 欢呼的, 喜悦的, 喜洋洋的churlish adj. 粗野的，脾气坏的，无礼的jaded adj. 疲倦不堪的, 厌倦的conciliate vt. 安慰, 赢得, 调和plethora n. 过剩, 过多, 多血症choleric adj. 易怒的listless adj. 倦怠的, 冷漠的，penitent adj. 悔过的jape v. 开玩笑reproof n. 谴责, 非难liaison n. 联络, (语音)连音virulent adj. 剧毒的, 致命的, 刻毒的,maven n. <美口>专家,内行dishevel vt. 使蓬乱, 使头发凌乱, 使衣服弄皱flirt vi. 调情摇晃的移动, 玩弄scoff v. 轻蔑地说, 嘲笑, 嘲弄, 贪吃, 狼吞虎咽indulgent adj. 纵容的prowess n. 威力torrid adj. 热带的persiflage n. 戏弄, 挖苦quandary n. 困惑, 窘境, 进退两难semitropical　adj亚热带的，副热wheedle vt. 诱骗, 哄骗, 骗得wanton adj. 荒唐的, 嬉戏的, 繁茂sporadic adj. 零星的sulk v. 生气, 愠怒abstemious adj. 有节制的, 节约的voluptuous adj. 艳丽的, 奢侈逸grieve v. (使)悲痛, (使)伤心, 忧伤startle v. 震惊rapport n. 和谐, 亲善sybarite n. 纵情逸乐之徒r ift n. 裂缝, 裂口, 断裂, 长狭谷, 不和resurgence n. 苏醒scathing adj. 严厉的eminence n. 出众, 显赫, 崇高peremptory adj. 断然的, 专横的, 强制的sweltering adj. 闷热的, 中暑的, 酷热的calamity n. 灾难, 不幸事件opine v. 想, 以为tawdry adj. 俗丽的, 非常华丽的kudos n. 名望, 荣誉, 声誉hoary adj. 灰白的, （因年迈而）obviate vt. 消除, 排除(危险、障碍等), 回避, 预防, 避sanguine adj. 有望的, 乐天的, 面色红润的, 血红色的, 满怀希望的, 指sapient adj. 装聪明样的, 自以为聪明的, 聪明的, 伶俐的, 有见识的rumple v. 弄皱, 弄得乱七八糟 n. plight n. 情况, 状态, 困境, 盟誓(婚姻) vt. 保证, 约定yoke v. 把...套上轭, 结合, 连接vertigo n. 眩晕, 晕头转向zest n. 风味, 强烈的兴趣, 热情, 热心 vt. 给...调味flannel n. 法兰绒, 法兰绒衣服 adj. 法兰绒的ford n. 浅滩 v. 徒涉shale n. [地]页岩, 泥板岩windbag n. 风囊, 饶舌之人perfervid adj. 非常热心的prate v. 空谈畏缩,退缩手腕,精密技巧,灵巧,策略,手段不可思议的,超自然的v.掩蔽,隐藏n.神秘之事j. 沮丧的逃避者 adj. 逃避逃避, 推卸. 完成, 使达到极点沉思的胁迫使)气恼, (使)焦躁, (使)忿怒沉默寡言的不易激动的, 感觉迟钝的, 神经麻木高度自制者；坚忍克己之人托词打扮, 装饰衣服, 外衣, 外表适宜的j. 糖质的, 含糖的adj. 逢迎的, 迷人的殷勤的, 高兴的, 快活的, 温文尔雅的热情地, 激情地j. 小心谨慎的, 细心的颂词, 推崇备至出类拔萃的, 无可匹敌的adj. 发出火花, 才华横溢的. 支吾搪塞鼓舞j. 短时间的疲倦不堪的, 厌倦的倦怠的, 冷漠的，情绪低落的联络, (语音)连音调情, 摇晃的移动, 玩弄, 摇晃地摆动, 摆动, 轻率地对待热带的　adj亚热带的，副热带的荒唐的, 嬉戏的, 繁茂的, 肆意的, 不道德的, 不贞洁的j. 艳丽的, 奢侈逸乐的纵情逸乐之徒出众, 显赫, 崇高名望, 荣誉, 声誉灰白的, （因年迈而）头发灰白的, 古代的, 久远的弄皱, 弄得乱七八糟 n. 皱纹, 皱褶。

西班牙语Catti词汇科技篇(一)

科技篇（一）1. 数字化智能化改造la transformación digital e inteligente例句：推动产业数字化智能化改造。

Se propulsóla transformación digital e inteligente de las industrias.2. 载人航天 los vuelos espaciales tripulados例句：创新型国家建设成果丰硕，在载人航天、探月工程、深海工程、超级计算、量子信息等领域取得一大批重大科技成果。

Se cosecharon fructíferos logros en la construcción de un país innovador y se consiguieron una serie de importantes éxitos científicos y tecnológicos enámbitos como el de los vuelos espaciales tripulados, los proyectos de exploración lunar y de las profundidades marinas, la supercomputación y la información cuántica.（见学习注解1）3. 关键核心技术 las tecnologías claves y medulares例句：打好关键核心技术攻坚战。

Libraremos como es debido la batalla de asalto de plazas fuertes en el campo de las tecnologías claves y medulares. （见学习注解2）4. 基础研究investigación en ciencias básicas例句：制定实施基础研究十年行动方案。

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GLOSSARY AAccountable documents Any airline ticket stock, including Miscellaneous Charge Orders (MCOs) and Prepaid Ticket Advice (PTAs) issued by the travel agency. The ARC holds the agency responsible for these documents.Administrative printer Printer used for (but not limited to) printing documents or information other than tickets, such as invoices, itineraries, ARC reports, and client lists.Advance purchase The time or number of days prior to the flight departure date a fare must be reserved or purchased. Typically, the lower the fare, the more stringent the advance purchase requirements.Agent set The computer and keyboard used to access the reservation system.Aircraft designator A unique 3-character code used to describe an aircraft (such as 747 or DC9).Airline stock A stock pre-validated for a specific airline.Airport transfers Transportation from the airport to a hotel or otherspecified point. Also called ground or hotel transfers. Allocated stock A stock is called 'allocated' when it is associated to aprinter. Physical documents, either ATB coupons or TATtickets are placed in the printer and their numbers areregistered in the system.APEX Acronym for Advance Purchase Excursion fare.ARC Short for Airlines Reporting Corporation, a domestic U.S.association of airlines that authorizes travel agencies toissue tickets on behalf of its member airlines. Centralizes airtransportation sales, provides procedures for processingrecords, and collects funds for the airlines participating inthe service. Basic ticketing and reporting requirements areset by ARC's Standard Ticket and Area Settlement Plan. ARC number ARC-assigned agency or location number (may be calledIATA or ACN).ARNK Arrival unknown. When a passenger arranges their owntransportation between cities in an itinerary.ASP Short for Area Settlement Plan, a plan that acts as aclearing-house to settle accounts between travel agentsand airlines. The ASP is sponsored and administered byARC. All ARC-approved agencies are required to participate.Operates only in the U.S.ATA Short for Air Transport Association, an association thatpromotes the interests of U.S. airlines and establishestravel industry agreements.ATB Short for Automated Ticket Boarding Pass, an airline ticketstock with a series of "cards" that print the control, flight,seat assignment, and passenger data.ATB2Same as ATB, but includes a magnetic stripe.Availability The number of seats available on a flight. Availabilitychanges rapidly throughout the day as seats are purchasedor canceled. Availability also pertains to rental cars andhotel rooms.BBaggage allowance Baggage permitted on a plane without payment of additional (excess baggage) fees.Base fare The air fare before tax is added. The commission iscalculated from the base fare.BBR Short for Bankers Buying Rate, a table showing currencyconversions and equivalents, which is updated regularlyand used by travel agents for calculating certaininternational airfares.BIN ATB printers have one to three bins where different kinds of stock are placed e.g. air coupons, SNCF coupons andblank coupons.Blackout dates Dates or periods when travel on specific fares is notpermitted, usually during holiday or peak travel times. Block space A reserved number of rooms, seats, or other spacereserved in advance for the purpose of selling as a travelpackage.Boarding pass A document issued to an airline passenger showing thepassenger's flight number, date, class of service and seatnumber. It is sometimes issued in exchange for a liftedflight coupon and used as the passenger's authority toboard a flight.Boarding point The city where the passenger embarks.Booking codes Airline inventory designators. Each booking coderepresents a range of fares or prices.Branch office A travel agency that belongs to a travel agency chain, suchas American Express. Functions such as accounting arehandled by the home office. The ticket sale is reported bythe branch office.Broadcast printer See General printer.BSP Short for Billing Settlement Plan, a standardized system for airlines and travel agents outside the U.S., providing themwith a simplified approach to the selling, reporting, andadministration of passenger transportation. Each countryoperates its own plan.Buffer zone Used for taxing airline fares, the areas of Canada andMexico within 225 miles of the nearest point in the U.S. Bulk fare A net fare contract for a certain number of airline seats(usually without the option of releasing them back to theairline).Bump To remove or replace an airline passenger holding aconfirmed ticket.CCancellation fee A fee incurred when a passenger fails to use reserved space without notifying, by a specified day or time, the issuingairline, cruise or tour operator, or other travel supplier. Certificate Certificates are digital identification marks used bysoftware security systems. They prove the identities ofusers on nonsecure networks such as the Internet.Certificates also provide information necessary to conductprivate communications and prove the origin ofcommunications.Change of gauge A connecting flight with intermediate stops, and the sameflight number, but with a change of equipment.Charter Plane, ship, bus, etc. used for non-scheduled operation. Checked baggage The airline takes responsibility and issues a baggage tag. Check-in time The time when accommodations are ready for occupancy. Check-out time The time when guests must leave an accommodation or be charged an additional cost.Circle trip A trip that begins and ends in the same city but hasdifferent outbound and inbound stops.Class of service The type of accommodation or fare offered on an airplane. Code share An agreement between two airlines in which one airlineowns the flight number and markets the flight, and theother airline operates the plane. The first airline is knownas the "marketing carrier" and the second airline is knownas the "operating carrier."Commission The amount paid by the supplier to the travel agent forselling transportation, accommodations, or other productsor services.Commuters Small regional airlines operating between hub cities andsmaller communities.Conditions of contract The terms and conditions of travel shown on the passenger's ticket and baggage check.Configuration The arrangement of seats in a transport vehicle. Forexample, the number, size, and pitch of seats in anairplane.Confirmation Acknowledgement from an airline, hotel, car rentalcompany, reservation system, or other travel supplier thata booking is accepted.Connecting flight Flight to which a passenger transfers to complete a journey that is covered by a single fare.Connecting point Any point in an itinerary at which a passenger must transfer from one flight to another.Corporate rate A special rate offered to business travelers or a ratenegotiated between a supplier and a company.Coupon Part of an airline ticket, or a document issued to apassenger by a tour operator or airline for later exchange.Also called an exchange order or voucher. A set of couponssuch as Flight, Passenger, Agent and Auditor coupons makea ticket. The ticket number is printed by the ATB ticketprinter on each coupon of this set.CTS Short for Amadeus Central Ticketing, Central TicketingServer or Central Ticketing System. CTS is an applicationstored in the back-end which produces ticket images andsends this data to the ticket printer.Customer profile See Profile.DDBC Short for Denied Boarding Compensation, which is made toa passenger denied boarding due to lack of seats when thecustomer has a reservation, a valid ticket for that flight, andhas met check-in requirements.Dial-up A means of connecting to the Internet via modem andphone line.Direct flight A flight operating with a single flight number from point oforigin to its final destination, which may make one or morestops but does not require passengers to change planes. Document Bank The Document Bank (DCB) is the area where all the stockinformation regarding a given CTS office is stored. Itconsists of one or more Document Stocks.Document stock Currently called Stock. It consists of a range of documentnumbers that refer to a set of pre-printed tickets (TAT) orcoupons (ATB). A stock has a stock type, and is eitherallocated to a printer, or registered in the Document Bankfor future use.Downgrade To move an individual to a lower class of service oraccommodation.DPR The Distribution Profile Record determines where theprints are to be sent in case of remote ticketing.EElapsed Flying Time The total time taken from the departure point to the destination point including the transfer time.Embark To board a plane, train, bus, or ship.EOS Short for Extended Ownership Security, an agreement that lets more than one office share ownership of PNRs, queuebanks, briefing pages, customer profiles, etc.e-ticket Paperless or electronic ticket.Excess baggage valuation The value declared by the passenger in excess of the airline's liability, if any, for loss or damage to checked baggage or for any delay in delivery of the baggage. Subject to the excess valuation charge as stipulated in the airline's tariff.Excursion fare A discount fare with restrictions.FFare The amount charged by an airline or other supplier for thecarriage of a passenger and his or her free baggage.Fare basis Code identifying the type of fare being used to price aticket or segment of a ticket.Fare categories Coach class airline seats are broken down into price levelscalled fare categories. Each fare category has rules andrestrictions, the lowest fares being the most restrictive.Fare categories are represented by letters, such as Y, H, B,Q, V, etc.Flight coupon A ticket booklet page that covers air transportationbetween two cities, specifying the class of service, flightnumber, and date.Flight segment Portion of a journey between two consecutive stops. Aconnecting flight consists of two or more flight segments.Also called a flight leg.Free sale Ability to confirm a reservation for a client withoutconsulting the supplier. These reservations are honoredprovided that the supplier is notified before the actual usedate.GGateway City that is the first destination for visitors to an area,usually due to location or traffic patterns. Also, the city,airport, or area from which a flight or tour departs. General printer Printer allowing the printing of documents on standardblank paper, such as itinerary, invoice, etc. as opposed toTicket Printer.GIT Short for Group Inclusive Tour Prepaid, a tour allowingspecial air fares for a group. All members must traveltogether throughout the itinerary, on the ground and in theair.GMT Short for Greenwich Mean Time, the solar time atGreenwich, England from which all time zones in the worldare based.Ground transportation Road (limousine, bus, cab, etc.) or rail transportation (may include baggage transfer service).GST Short for Goods and Services Tax, a value-added tax (VAT) within the Canadian tax zone on air products and withinCanada for land products, excluding insurance.GTR Short for Government Travel Request, used as a form ofpayment for travel charges incurred by a federalgovernment agency.Guaranteed reservations Advance booking with payment guaranteed even if the client does not arrive. Reservations may be cancelled in accordance with the supplier's cancellation policy.HHandwritten ticket Any ARC-accountable document written by hand and validated by the imprinter with the agency identification, airline identification plate, and current date.Home officelocationThe main office of a multi-office organization.IIATA Short for International Air Transport Association, anassociation of international airlines that provides the sameservices that the ATA provides for domestic airlines. Itauthorizes agreements between airlines and travel agentsfor international ticketing. IATA sets common policy andcontrols data specifications for all standard trafficdocuments used worldwide.In-plant agency A travel agency branch located on a client company'spremises and serving that company's needs exclusively. Interline Involving two or more airlines (e.g., interline itinerary,interline reservations, interline baggage).Interline agreement An agreement covering the transportation of passengers and baggage by two or more airlines.Issuing airline The airline providing a ticket or in whose name a standard ticket is provided.IT number Code number identifying a tour submitted to or approved by ARC or IATA. It allows the travel agency to obtainoverride commissions for air transportation sold as part ofthe tour.Itinerary All portions, from beginning to end, of a passenger's trip. JJoint fare A special through fare for travel on two or more airlines,which is published as a single price.LLeg Portion of a journey between two consecutive stops. Alsoknown as a segment.MMCO Short for Miscellaneous Charges Order, anARC-accountable document that records charges whenstandard ticket stock cannot be used. Issued by an agent orairline as proof of payment for accommodations, groundtransportation, or special services, or as a credit towardfuture air transportation.Minimum / maximum stay Required by airlines (and some hotels) to qualify for the lowest rates. For example, rules for some excursion fares specify that the passenger must stay over a Saturday night (minimum stay) and can stay no longer than 30 days (maximum stay) at their outward destination. Also, some hotels may require a two-night minimum stay over a weekend.Minimumconnecting timeThe time set by each airport as a minimum for connections.Misconnection A situation in which a passenger misses a connecting flightbecause the scheduled arriving flight is late or canceled. Mnemonic Unique code identifying a printer or a group of printers. Fora group of printers, it is called a set mnemonic, and if it islinked to an office it is called a security set mnemonic.NNon-accountable documents Any document not required for safekeeping by ARC.Non-accountable documents are supporting documents needed by the agency when submitting refunds, exchanges, sales summary, and adjustments.Non-participating airline An airline not included in a passenger's itinerary, but possibly handling the reservations.Non-stop flight A flight that makes no scheduled stops between its origin and destination.No-show A passenger or guest who fails to use or cancel his or herreservation.OOff peak Days, times, or seasons when air fares are lower thannormal. These vary with the market and with thedestination.One-way trip Travel in one direction only, as opposed to a round trip. Online Involving a single airline (e.g., online reservation, onlinebaggage, online connection).OPATB Short for Off Premise Automated Ticket and Boarding pass. OPTAT Short for Off Premise Transitional Automated Ticket. Open jaw A trip, similar to a round trip, where the passenger returnsto a city other than the original departure city, or returnsfrom a city other than the original destination.Open ticket A ticket valid for transportation between certain points, but with no specific reservation.Originating airline The airline carrying a passenger on the first segment of his or her itinerary.OutwarddestinationThe point farthest from the point of origin.Overbooking The practice by a supplier of confirming reservationsbeyond capacity in anticipation of cancellations orno-shows.PPackage A combination of travel arrangements sold at anall-inclusive price.Participating airline An airline used in at least one segment of a passenger's itinerary.PNR Short for Passenger Name Record, a record containing allpassenger and itinerary information required to complete atravel reservation. The record usually contains all traveldata for the passenger, including air, car, hotel, andtour-related segments, as well as additional remarksrequired by the airline, passenger, or travel agency.Point-to-pointfareBasic fare from one city to another.Profile•Customer records containing information about travelpreferences, contact information, typical methods ofpayment, and other information helpful in makingsmooth, quick travel arrangements.•Profiles are divided into three categories: Companyprofiles containing information about a company.•Traveler profiles associated to a company profile.•Traveler profiles not associated to a company profile.Proof of citizenship A document (usually a passport) that establishes the nationality of a traveler. Needed for entry and departure to and from a foreign country.PTA Short for Prepaid Ticket Advice, an ARC-accountabledocument permitting issuance of a ticket at a point otherthan the point of payment. It may involve domestic orinternational reservations. It can also be used to prepaybaggage charges and incidental expenses directly related tothe covered transportation.QQueues Computer files where PNRs or messages are held awaitingaction.RRecord locator The alphanumeric identifier assigned to a PNR.Reissue To issue a ticket in exchange for a previously issued ticketor a document, such as a voucher.Remote location A travel agency that belongs to a travel agency chain other than the home office. For example, the home office is anAmerican Express office and the remote location is aThomas Cook office. The ticket sale is reported at theremote location.Rerouting Using cities or travel plans other than the original to get toa planned destination.Round trip Travel that begins and ends in the same city, usually withthe same routing in both directions.Routing Itinerary elements such as airline(s), city pair(s), class ofservice, and fare type. Also, airfares are based on aspecified routing or mileage calculation. Routing faresrestrict the traveler to specific transfer points, and/orairlines.RPM Short for Revenue Passenger Mile, computed bymultiplying the number of paying passengers carried by thenumber of miles traveled.SSCN The Stock Control Number is the number pre-printed either on a coupon for ATB printers or on a ticket for TAT printers. Seat selection Service allowing a passenger to choose a specific seatbefore boarding a flight.Segment Portion of a journey between two consecutive stops. Alsocalled a leg.Service fee Fee charged by a travel agency for any applicablecommissionable or non-commissionable service. Also, a feecharged by an airline to reissue a ticket.Shoulder season The interval between the high and low seasons of a travelperiod.Shuttle A vehicle repeatedly traveling between two points, usuallyfor a short distance and often on a regular basis. Also, ano-reservation, guaranteed air service.Space available No reservation, reduced-rate travel allowing the passenger to board if an empty seat is available on the plane.SSR Short for Special Service Request, a request for specificservices, such as a special meal or wheelchair.Standby A passenger holding a ticket at a reduced fare, but with noguarantee of obtaining a seat. Also, a passenger on awaiting list for a completely booked flight, waiting for anavailable seat through a cancellation or no-show.Stock See Document Stock.Stock Master File This refers to the storing area of all travel document stockdata in CTS for all offices.Stopover A deliberate interruption of a passenger's journey at anypoint between the originating airport and the finaldestination.STP Short for Satellite Ticket Printer, a printer that lets you print documents at a remote site via modem or dedicated linefrom the main agency.Supplier A company providing travel-related services, such as anairline, rental provider, or hotel chain.Surface In an itinerary, the segment traveled by groundtransportation. Also called an ARNK (arrival unknown)segment.TTariff A fare or rate. Also, an official publication containing fares, rates, and the rules applying to them.TDM Short for Ticket Delivery Mechanism.Through fare Published fare from the originating city to the finaldestination.Through flight Flight that may include one or more stops without a flightnumber change. Also called a direct flight.Through passenger A passenger on a layover or connecting stop, going on to a final destination.Ticket They are two cases: a ticket is a set of ATB coupons (seeCoupon), or TAT tickets. A TAT ticket is a booklet ofchemical paper; there are no coupon numbers, and theticket number is directly pre-printed and registered in CTS. Transfers Transportation from an airport, railway station, or otherterminal to a hotel or other specified point. Also refers todocuments used by a passenger for transportation services. Transit point Place where a passenger changes carriers to continue ajourney. Also called a connecting point.TSM Short for Transitional Stored MCO, a record attached to the MCO image before issuing.TST Short for Transitional Stored Ticket, a record attached tothe PNR that contains ticketing information.A Manual Stored Ticket (MST) is a TST that has beencreated manually, or an automatic TST that has beenupdated manually.An Automatic Stored Ticket (AST) is a TST that is created bythe Amadeus Central System as a result of an itinerarypricing command.UUATP Short for Universal Air Travel Plan, a standard credit plan by which subscribers charge air transportation and relatedservices.Unallocated stock A stock is called 'unallocated' when it is registered in the system but not yet associated to a printer. Physical documents, either ATB coupons or TAT tickets, are not placed in the printer but their numbers are registered for a later use.Unchecked baggage The baggage stays with the passenger on the airplane (carry-on baggage).Unifares Include Negotiated and Dynamic Discount fares.VValidating carrier The airline whose validation information or plate you areusing to issue a ticket. Usually, the airline on which thepassenger originates is the validating carrier.Visa An endorsement made in and on a passport allowing entry into the country you're visiting, testifying that yourpassport was examined and found in order.Voucher A document exchanged for goods or services,substantiating prepayment. Also called an exchangevoucher.WWaitlist List of individuals waiting for flight or accommodationsavailability, and confirmed when space becomes available(usually through cancellations).YYield management Airlines use pricing and inventory controls to maximize their profits by offering varying fares over time for the same product.ZZulu time Greenwich Mean Time.1.NEED RECEIVED FROM （AMADEUS）状态：操作未成功原因：没有封口，封口后再试。