【英语】小升初小学英语阅读理解的做题技巧+专项训练练习题(含答案解析)
部编小升初小学英语阅读理解的做题技巧
（一）、阅读理解一般分为故事幽默类、说明、科普类等。
1故事幽默类一般前面都在为幽默做铺垫，只有读到最后才能显现出幽默之出来。
这类短文一般难度不大，认真阅读，仔细选择，问题都可以解决，如Write a Letter to Mary, A Dirty Boy, On the Bus 等
2小学的说明,科普类短文都十分浅显,只要具备一点科普常识都会读懂的,如,Time, the Spring Festival .等,即使文章较长,问题也十分明显，从文中都能找到答案.
同学可动手做做下题：根据短文内容选择答案.
1.Sam is very good at school, but he is not clean. His face and hands are often dirty. He washes them with water only. He does not use soap(肥皂).
Sam has an uncle. One day his uncle goes to see him. He looks at him and says, “Sam, I know what you ate for breakfast this morning.”
“What?” Sam looks at his uncle and says.
“Eggs” says his uncle, “Your face and mouth tell me that.”
“You are wrong, uncle!”says Sam, “Not today or yesterday,but the day before yesterday(前天)!”( )(1).Who is Sam?
A. He is English.
B. He is a student. C He is a young pioneer. D He is a teacher.
( )(2) What’s the Chinese for “dirty”?
A. It’s “ 脏的“. B It’s “干净的” C It’s “坏的“ D It’s “好的”
( )(3) What’s on Sam’s face and mouth?
A Eggs.
B Soap
C Water
D Bread
( )(4) Which of these is not wrong?
A Sam doesn’t wash his face and hands every day.
B. The uncle thinks the boy ate eggs last morning.
C Sam doesn’t like eggs at all.
D. Sam doesn’t know his uncle.
2.Hen(母鸡): There is some rice here. Eat it like this,my children.
Chickens: Like this, Mother?
Hen: Yes,that’s right, good.
Eagle(鹰): There are some chickens here. I want to eat them.
Hen: Don’t worry, my children . Let me do with it.
Eagle:Can you let me eat some chickens,Mrs.Hen?
Hen:No, you can’t. There is a hunter(猎人)near here.
Eagle: I must go now.
Hen: Let’s go home, my children.
Chickens: All right.
( )(1) The chicken likes to eat the ____.
A hen
B rice
C chicken
D his children
( )(2) The hen _____look after her children.
A can
B can’t
C is
D isn’t
( )(3)______saves the chickens.
A The hunter.
B The hen
C The eagle
D A man
( )(4)The eagle can’t eat_____ at last.
A the chickens
B go.
C the hunter
D the hen
（二）、解题时有以下几种方法：
（1）略读法：关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读，获得足够的信息以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。要特别注意文章首尾两段，第一段往往点明文章主题或作者意图，而最后一段则常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，因为把每段主题句的意思综合起来实际上就是全文的中心思想，文章的主题句也可能出现在段落中间或结尾。
（2）查阅法：考生可以不需要阅读整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分，然后加以阅读就行。查阅法主要用于获得具体的信息，即谁、什么、什么时间、什么地点、什么原因以及如何发生等有关或者具体的数字。
（3）同义互释法：在小学升学考试中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可以采用同义互释法。
（4）判断推理法：有时4个题项中不止一个可以作为答案项，这时就应该意识到该题是一个判断推理题。要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图，选择比较，去伪存真，选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。
（三）、同学们在做阅读理解时应注意的问题有哪些？
１、弄清文章体裁，快速理解文章。对不同体裁的文章，要根据其体裁特点，运用不同的方法快速阅读，正确理解。记叙文一开始交待人物、时间、地点、事件，然后详细叙述原因。议论文中，作者先提论点，再加以分析，或举例论证，得出结论。说明文中，作者先提出说明对象，然后从时间、空间、用途、方法、步骤等不同侧面加以说明。
２、仔细研读首尾句，预测文中细节。小学升学考试英语文章往往隐去了标题，这给抓文章中心带来了困难。然而，英语的写作特点一般是按"总-分-总"这一思路来写的。因此，研读首、尾句，不但可以帮助考生抓住文章的内容，还可以揣测作者的态度、意图，从而进一步猜出作者着重要写的细节。
３、略读选答，带问阅读。做英语阅读理解题时，首先应浏览一遍所提问题及选项，然后带着这些问题有目的、有针对性地阅读文章。
４、联系生活常识，及早排除错误选项。阅读理解中四个选项，有时有一个或两个与常识或其他学科中所学的知识不相符。我们可先将其排队在阅读中对所剩下的选项进行筛选就容易多了。
5、解题前要仔细通读全文，遇到难解的词组和句子不要急躁，尽量根据上下文悟出其义，解题时要"带着问题读查短文"分析判断，整题解完后要认真复查。
6、注意不要改变自己的阅读习惯。有的考生先看题目后看文章，有的先看文章再看题目，你平时怎么练，考试就怎么做。临时改变自己的习惯效果往往不好。其次，看清楚题目是概括中心型还是推理判断性。概括某一段的中心时注意这一段的首句和尾句；推理判断题要注意题目问的是作者的态度，不是你的态度。
二、阅读理解
2．阅读理解阅读短文，根据短文填空 It is Saturday. The Browns are at home. Mrs. Brown is
in the kitchen. She is making lunch. Mr. Brown isn't in the living room. He is outside. He is washing his car. The car is new and very beautiful. Jim is playing football with some boys. Where is his sister, Sue? She's watching TV in her bedroom with her friend, Ann.
（1）There are ________people in Mr. Brown's family.
（2）Mrs. Brown is ________.
（3）Mr. Brown is ________his car.
（4）________is playing football.
（5）Sue and Ann are ________in Sue's bedroom.
【答案】（1）four
（2）making lunch
（3）washing
（4）Jim
（5）watching TV
【解析】【分析】通读短文了解到，星期六布朗一家在家正在做什么，妈妈正在做饭，爸爸正在洗车，吉姆正在和孩子们踢球，妹妹正在和她的朋友看电视。
（1）通读短文知道，布朗一家有四口人，爸爸，妈妈，哥哥和妹妹。故答案为four.
（2）根据所给的短文，Mrs. Brown is in the kitchen. She is making lunch. 布朗太太在厨房里。她正在做午饭。故答案为making lunch.
（3）根据所给的短文，Mr. Brown isn't in the living room. He is outside. He is washing his car. 布朗先生不在起居室里。他在外面。他正在洗车。故答案为washing.
（4）根据所给的短文，Jim is playing football with some boys.吉姆正在和一些男孩踢足球。故答案为Jim.
（5）根据所给的短文，Where is his sister, Sue? She's watching TV in her bedroom with her friend, Ann.苏，他的妹妹在哪里？她正在卧室和她的朋友安安一起看电视。故答案为watching TV.【点评】阅读的关键在看懂短文，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量使用的短文中词语填写答案。
3．阅读理解阅读短文，判断正误。I like winter. There is ice and snow. I can skate and ski(滑雪). I can make snowmen, too. I put on my hat, scarf and winter jacket. Because it is cold outside. I don't like summer, because it is too hot. I like spring. Because I like the rain. But I don't like to get wet. I always have my rain boots and umbrella on rainy days.
（1）I can skate and eat ice cream in winter.
（2）The weather is warm in winter.
（3）I like summer.
（4）I don't like to get wet in spring.
（5）I always have my rain boots and umbrella on sunny days.
【答案】（1）0
（2）0
（3）0
（4）1
（5）0
【解析】【分析】该短文主要是主人公对一年中四个季节的喜欢和不喜欢及其原因。
（1）细节阅读，根据I can skate and ski(滑雪). 得知喜欢滑冰和滑雪而不是喜欢吃冰激凌，故答案为：错误。
（2）细节阅读，根据I like winter. There is ice and snow.得知冬天有冰和雪，因此不会暖和，故答案为：错误。
（3）细节阅读，根据 I don't like summer, 得知不喜欢夏天，故答案为：错误。
（4）细节阅读，根据But I don't like to get wet. 得知不喜欢淋湿，故答案为：正确。
（5）细节阅读，根据I always have my rain boots and umbrella on rainy days.得知在下雨天穿雨衣带雨伞，故答案为：错误。
【点评】此题目要求快速阅读文章，把握内容、了解大意，然后细致阅读，抓住主要内容和细节，标出关键词，然后做出选择，完成题目。
4．阅读理解读短文并按要求完成相应任务
Today was the first day of the summer holiday．My friends and I went out together．We went swimming in the swimming pool．We swam for an hour．I did not swim well，but I enjoyed it very much．We had lunch in a fast—food restaurant．I had a sandwich and some orange juice．Alice had a hamburger．Jack had a lot of French fries and some cola．We went shopping in a supermarket．I bought a pink dress．Alice bought a pretty hat．Jack did not buy anything． We went home at 3 o'clock in the afternoon．We 、were tired，but we were happy．
（1）写出短文中6个动词的一般过去式。
________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________
（2） The children went to：________
①the swimming pool ②the cinema
③a fast—food restaurant ④a supermarket
（3）They：________
①had breakfast together ②swam for an hour
③had lunch together ④picked apples
⑤bought some fruit ⑥went shopping
【答案】（1）was；went；swam；did；enjoyed；had
（2）①③④
（3）②③⑥
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了暑假第一天，主人公和朋友一起出去玩的事情。
（1）从文章中找出was、went、swam、did、enjoyed、had，bought、were根据句子结构即可找出，选出六个即可。
（2）根据We went swimming in the swimming pool．We had lunch in a fast—food restaurant．和We went shopping in a supermarket．看出他们去的三个地方，故答案为：①③④。
（3）根据We went swimming in the swimming pool．We had lunch in a fast—food restaurant．和We went shopping in a supermarket．找到他们所干的事情，故答案为：②③⑥。
【点评】此题主要考查学生的阅读理解能力，第一题考察对动词一般过去式的掌握，第二题，第三题考察对短文的理解程度，都能在文中找到对应的短语或句子，此类题目对的答案，一定要在文章中寻找，文章中一定会有依据。
5．阅读理解阅读短文判断正误
A good breakfast is very important to everyone．What is a good breakfast?You should eat some rice，noodles or bread，an egg and some milk．If the weather is very cold in the morning，a cup of hot drink is necessary(必要的)．For example，a cup of hot milk or hot chocolate is great for you．It helps you feel warm．You must have enough(足够的)time to eat breakfast．So don't get up too late．A good breakfast can help you smile and feel happy．It can help you study or work better(更好)too．So you should have breakfast everyday．It's really important to you! （1）Eating breakfast is very important．
（2）Rice and cola makes a good breakfast．
（3）On a cold morning，you can have a cup of hot milk．
（4）A good breakfast can help you feel happy．
（5）You should have breakfast everyday．
【答案】（1）1
（2）0
（3）1
（4）1
（5）1
【解析】【分析】本短文主要讲述的是早餐对每个人都是很重要的，我们应该每天吃早餐。
⑴细节理解. 题意：吃早餐是很重要的。根据短文第一句“ A good breakfast is very important to everyone．”可知吃早餐对每个人都是很重要的。这与题意相符，故答案为：正确 .
⑵推理判断. 题意：米饭和可乐做一顿好的早餐。根据短文第二、三句“What is a good breakfast?You should eat some rice，noodles or bread，an egg and some milk．”可推知一顿好的早餐可包括米饭，面条或者面包，一个鸡蛋和一些牛奶，不包括可乐。这与题意不符，故答案为：错误 .
⑶推理判断. 题意：在一个寒冷的早晨，你可以喝一杯热牛奶。根据短文中语句“ If the weather is very cold in the morning，a cup of hot drink is necessary(必要的)．For example，a cup of hot milk or hot chocolate is great for you．It helps you feel warm．”可推知在早晨天气很冷的情况下，喝一杯热牛奶是有助于保暖的。这与题意相符，故答案为：正确 .
⑷细节理解. 题意：一顿好的早餐可以让你感到快乐。根据短文中语句“A good breakfast can help you smile and feel happy．”可知一顿好的早餐可以帮助你微笑并感到快乐。这与题意相符，故答案为：正确 .
⑸细节理解. 题意：你应该每天吃早餐。短文中语句“So you should have breakfast everyday．”的意思是“所以你应该每天吃早饭。”。这与题意相符，故答案为：正确 .
【点评】本题主要考查对文章的综合理解。做题时要把握文中的关键词句，在文章中找出正确的答案。
6．阅读理解
Dear Peter,
How are you?
I went to a birthday party at a fast food shop yesterday. It was my kindergarten friend Vivian's eighth birthday. I met many kindergarten friends at the party. They have changed a lot!
Adam is very tall now. He was very short when he was five.
Dora is quite short and fat now. I remember she was thin and tall when she was five. It seems she stopped growing taller. Vivian has long hair now. She had short hair when she was five. She played the violin at the party. I didn't know she could play it Bravo!
My friends said l was the only one who had not changed much.
I was fat and short when l was five. And I am still fat and short!
Talk later.
Your friend,
Tony （1）Whose birthday was it yesterday?
（2）How old is Vivian now?
（3）Who was tall and thin in the past?
（4）How is Tony now?
【答案】（1）Vivian's birthday.
（2）Eight.
（3）Dora.
（4）He is fat and short.
【解析】【分析】这是一封给Tony给Peter描述生日聚会情况的信。
（1）题目问题是：昨天是谁的生日？根据短文叙述It was my kindergarten friend Vivian's eighth birthday.可知是Vivian的生日。故答案为： Vivian's birthday.
（2）题目问题是：Vivian几岁了？根据短文叙述It was my kindergarten friend Vivian's eighth birthday.可知是Vivian8岁了。故答案为： Eight.
（3）题目问题是：过去谁又高又瘦？根据短文叙述Dora is quite short and fat now. I remember she was thin and tall when she was five. 可知Dora过去又高又瘦。故答案为：Dora.（4）题目问题是：Tony现在什么样？根据短文叙述I was fat and short when l was five. And I am still fat and short!可知Tony现在还是又胖又矮。故答案为： He is fat and short. 【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。首先仔细阅读短文，然后根据题目问题找到相关叙述来回答问题。
第三题答案为Dora。