Keys to unit 12 extensive listening

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《英语同声传译教程》答案-Unit 12(key)

Reference Key to Exercise (Unit 12)Text 12.1Ladies and Gentlemen,Good afternoon. Thank you for inviting me to this luncheon. This luncheon, which is intended to welcome the new Secretary for Commerce, Industry and Technology, is the third of its kind in four years. I assure you that the Government as a whole remains firmly committed to the cause of promoting information and communications technology in Hong Kong.I should admit that I do not have any technology background or expertise, and my only past working experience in ICT was to promote enthusiastically the learning and application of information technology in schools when I was Secretary for Education and Manpower some years ago.I make no apology for not being a technologist. As Secretary for Commerce, Industry and Technology, my job on ICT development in Hong Kong is to set a vision, devise a strategy to fulfill such a vision and implement the necessary measures to deliver the results which will bring both economic as well as social benefits to our society. The vision enshrined in the Digital 21 Strategy is, and I quote, “to enhance and promote Hong Kong’s information infrastructure and services so as to make Hong Kong a leading digital city in the globally connected world of the 21 century”. What I want to do is to define more clearly the role of the Government in pursuing this vision. I see the Government playing an active part in engaging the stakeholders, and all of you here this afternoon are very important stakeholders, developing industry-friendly policies, creating an appropriate regulatory environment conducive to competition and consumer protection, and promoting investment and innovation for the benefit of entrepreneurs, workers, consumers and the economy at large.We have a strong foundation to develop our ICT industry. I don’t need to bore you with statistics. Suffice to say; our mobile phone penetration, broadband coverage, external connectivity capacity, and new wireless or IP based services are among the highest in the world.And it is a good omen for our industry that in the beginning of the Year of the Dog we were able to sweep six top awards in the Asia-Pacific ICT Awards just two weeks ago. Congratulations and well done!Very few industries, if any, face so much change brought about by technological developments as the ICT does. Convergence and “triple play” over a single transmission network of telecommunications, broadcasting and broadband access services is probably the most familiar example. Voice over the Internet Protocol, or V oIP, is just another.I am very positive about these developments: new technologies provide a platform for business opportunities, new investment and innovation – and most of the time the service innovation, new business models and market competition that they engender are good for the consumer. In this respect, the best response of Government is to pursue a public policy that facilitates thesedevelopments and opens up new opportunities while leaving business decisions to the market.With this introduction, let me tell you more specifically how I see my agenda in the coming 12 months.First, to meet the impact of convergence, the Government needs to respond positively to make our regulatory regime more efficient and to encourage the exploitation of new opportunities. We will announce later in the afternoon our proposal for the merger of the Broadcasting Authority and the Telecommunications Authority in a public consultation paper. My aim is to introduce the necessary legislation before the end of the year to give effect to the establishment of a unified regulator which we propose to call Communications Authority.As we all know, technological advancement has been blurring the boundary between telecommunications, broadcasting and information technology. It is only natural that convergence at the technological and market levels be matched by unification at the regulatory level. This is becoming the international trend from the Federal Communications Commission in the US and the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in Canada, to the more recent establishment of the Office of Communications in the UK and the Australian Communications and Media Authority in Australia. As Hong Kong is probably one of the leaders in the world in convergence and service innovation at the market level, the case for a unified regulator is obvious in terms of regulatory efficiency and consumer benefits.The proposed Communications Authority will administer and enforce the existing Broadcasting Ordinance and Telecommunications Ordinance. We propose to transfer to the new authority the existing statutory powers and functions of the Broadcasting Authority and Telecommunications Authority on an “as is” basis. To enable it to get on with its job quickly, we do not intend to make any changes to the regulatory and licensing arrangements under these two Ordinances at this stage. However, it is our intention, once the Communications Authority is established, to start examining various provisions in the two Ordinances with a view to maintaining consistency and improving regulatory efficiency and consumer protection.The public consultation period will be three months and I am confident that I can count on all of you here to provide us with the informed views of the ICT industry.Second, it is important that our ICT industry secure as much international presence and prominence as possible.As you know, Hong Kong will host the ITU TELECOM WORLD 2006 at the end of this year. It is the first time this event is held outside Geneva since its inception in 1971. With the sterling support of the Central Government, we fought for the privilege to host the event back in 2003 because we thought it would be beneficial to the local ICT industry and also Hong Kong generally. It is an event that is going to put Hong Kong and Hong Kong IT industry on the map and enhance Hong Kong’s visibility in the Mainland and the rest of the world. It will raise the profile of Hong Kong and project Hong Kong’s image as the telecommunications and broadcasting hub in the AsiaPacific. It is going to attract 900 exhibitors and 60,000 visitors and generate some $900 million worth of income for the local hospitality industry. It will also strengthen Hong Kong's credibility as the event capital of Asia.We have made a good start: 70% of the exhibition space has now been allocated or reserved. We are intensifying our marketing and fund-raising efforts. We are working hard and we aim to make ITU WORLD TELECOM 2006 the most successful telecommunications event ever held. To this end, I know I can count on your support.Third, this is a critical year for the rollout of digital terrestrial television broadcasting, DTT for short, in Hong Kong. Before the end of the year, the Government will have to decide on the technical standard on which to base future DTT broadcasting. The two incumbents, TVB and A TV, have to start their new digital programmes in 2007 and reach a 75% coverage of Hong Kong with their new digital network by 2008, in time for the 2008 Olympics.It is a major endeavour in terms of engineering infrastructure, hardware design and manufacture, and high quality production. TVB and ATV will invest hundreds of millions of dollars in the next few years on DTT. It will benefit not just the conventional IT sector, but also the creative industries, such as digital entertainment. The consumers will benefit from more diverse and high quality television programme services, including HDTV, and possibly mobile TV and associated value added services such as interactive multimedia features. I see the Government and the industry working together on various fronts, such as service planning, consumer education, promoting DTT uptake, preparing for in-building reception and hardware design and supply, and so on.Also on digital transmission, I would wish to take a critical and positive look at the case for introducing digital audio broadcasting in Hong Kong given the availability of spectrum and likely market demands. In fact, digital technologies offer opportunities that go beyond sound broadcasting. As we have seen the use of 3G technologies for multimedia and broadcasting applications on mobile phones, we are also seeing the adoption of new digital technologies in other places for multimedia and broadcasting services on small handheld mobile display devices.As these developments give rise to new opportunities in investment and consumer benefits, they also present regulatory challenges. But the Government’s position is clear. We provide policy support to facilitate technological and business development and we do not interfere with the actual delivery of new services and products other than for consumer protection.Fourth, technology also has its downsides if used irresponsibly, or worse, exploited with malicious intent. The spamming problem is a good example. It is expanding in form, intensity and coverage, from fax, e-mail, SMS to voice messages generated by automatic interactive voice devices as telephone calls.We are determined to tackle unsolicited electronic messages. I am grateful for the support of our ICT industry in this endeavour. You supported the community and us in the launch of amultifaceted “STEPS” anti-spamming campaign last year. You have also provided invaluable input and feedbacks to us in response to the first public consultation exercise, and in subsequent informal but focused discussions with CITB. Your input culminated in the launch of the second public consultation in January this year. I think our proposals are striking the right balance between protecting the rights of the recipient on the one hand, and allowing some room for the development of e-marketing in Hong Kong on the other. We will refine our proposals in the light of your further comments, which I am sure you will submit by March 20, if you have not already done so. I will then introduce an anti-spamming bill into the Legislative Council in the middle of this year.Fifth, we will address the concerns and key issues facing the ICT industry. I am aware that OFTA is consulting the telecommunications industry on the introduction of broadband wireless access and the important but complex question of fixed-mobile convergence. And CITB is conducting a spectrum policy review and its consultants are engaging the stakeholders. These are key issues, from a policy, regulatory and technological standpoint, that will underpin future development of the telecommunications market. On the one hand, we need to facilitate the early adoption of innovative technologies, reap their benefits and let the market decide how to go about it. On the other hand, we need to strike the right balance between the aspirations of the parties concerned, namely the Government, the industry, and the consumer. I have no answer today but I know we need to find one quickly.Sixth, we are committed to sustaining the momentum of the e-Government initiative. We are also committed to the outsourcing strategy in the implementation of Government IT projects. We have improved our procurement arrangement from the previous framework. I am very glad that a positive dialogue has been going on between our ICT industry and the Office of the Government Chief Information Officer on improving our procurement arrangements. We will soon launch a pilot programme for three years for contractors to own the intellectual property of Government IT projects, providing them with an incentive to participate in Government IT projects, as well as an asset to apply in the design of other IT projects. It will also enrich their capability and competitiveness in the market place, inside and outside Hong Kong.I am grateful for your support for our new e-Government strategy that envisages a One-Stop-Portal for all Government services, at a total capital investment of $260 million, the bulk of which will be disbursed to the contractors, service providers, software developers and business partners of the industry. I am sure we will get the necessary funding approval from the Finance Committee of our Legislative Council this afternoon to enable the early implementation of the project.Seventh, we will continue to work closely with the ICT industry in specific areas of interest. For example,* We will work with industry to raise the professional competency and qualification for the ICT industry. I know for example the Hong Kong Computer Society is conducting a study on a qualification certification system.* We are working with the six major industry organisations concerned to launch the first Hong Kong ICT Awards Scheme, which will give recognition to excellence in the various fields and showcase Hong Kong’s achievements in these areas.* We are exploring with the Wireless Technology Industry Association on how Hong Kong should position itself in anticipation of the introduction of the 3G services on the Mainland, and how we may leverage on the new platform based on the national TD-SCDMA standard to create opportunities for Hong Kong industry.Eighth, we will continue and if necessary increase our support to the ICT industry in the area of applied research and development.The R&D centres under the overall supervision of the Innovation and Technology Commission will be up and running very soon. Two R&D centres, to which Government is committed to investing $2.3 billion, are particularly relevant to our ICT industry. The ICT R&D centre hosted by the Applied Science and Technology Research Institute, or ASTRI, will focus on communications technologies, consumer electronics, IC design and opto-electronics. It will collaborate with universities and industry partners. The Logistics and Supply Chain Management Enabling Technologies R&D centre will focus, among other things, on the development and application of RFID technologies, networking and infrastructure technologies, and application and decision support technologies.Ninth, we will update the Digital 21 Strategy, which was promulgated in 1998, and has since been revised in 2001 and 2004. We will produce a fourth edition of the Strategy in 2007, and we will start public engagement and consultation this year.It is almost an understatement to say that developments in ICT in the past decade have transformed our society beyond recognition. Just look at the Internet, the development of wireless and mobile technologies, the penetration of broadband to households, the explosive volume of information that is accessible on line, interactive entertainment, and all that. They are transforming nations, businesses, life styles, cultures and human behaviours. We need to take thorough stock of where we are in relation to the rest of the world in a globalised environment. We need to ask ourselves whether we need a new vision, and a new strategy to ensure that Hong Kong stays as a leading digital city in the world.I have tasked Howard Dickson to take this forward. I have encouraged him to challenge the fundamentals and be bold. He has assured me that he will engage industry extensively so that the Government and our ICT industry will have collective ownership of the Strategy that emerges in the first quarter of 2007, about a year from now.Ladies and gentlemen, I have counted nine things we need to do in the coming 12 months. In Cantonese, nine rhymes with dog which is the symbol of this new lunar year. It also rhymes with enough. So I better stop here. There is nothing political if I end my speech with a quote from oneof Chairman Mao Zedong’s famous poems, “So many things need to be done, and always urgently. The world rolls on, time passes. Ten thousand years is too long, seize the hour, seize the day.” How apt this is to the technology based business world! I am confident that we can work together to ensure that the ICT industry meets its aspirations and challenges. I know I can count on your support and with this support. I will be able to deal with the nine action items that I have just outlined and create a win-win-win situation for all of us: society, industry and the consumer.Thank you and thank you for your patience.(Full text of the remarks by Joseph W. P. Wong, Secretary for Commerce, Industry and Technology of the Hong Kong SAR at a luncheon organised by IT associations on March 3, 2006)Text 12.2Ladies and gentlemen,It’s a great pleasure for me to witness the opening of the UK-China ICT Week which aims at strengthening the cooperation in Information Communication Technology. On behalf of the telecommunication industry of Sichuan Province, I would like to extend my warmest welcome to the delegates from the UK Telecommunication Delegation. We sincerely hope that the UK-China ICT Week will promote the cooperation in ICT between China and the UK.Sichuan is a strong province in western China and plays an important role in implementing the strategy of West China Development. The ICT development has been listed as the “No. 1 Project”and given full support by the Provincial CPC Committee the Provincial Government of Sichuan. Since China’s reform and opening up, benefited from the favorable policies of the government on central, ministerial and provincial levels, the telecommunication industry in Sichuan Province has achieved remarkable progress. We have strengthened the telecommunication infrastructure construction and have given full play to the telecommunication industry’s catalyzing effect and acceleration effect on the national economic growth, thus significantly speeding up the development of telecommunication industry. Since the implementation of the 8th Five-year Plan in 1990, average annual investment into telecommunication infrastructure construction in Sichuan Province has maintained at above 6 billion Yuan. In Sichuan, we have the distance optical network, packet switch network, digital data network, No.7 signaling gateway, Digital Synchronization Network, telecommunications management network, optical access network, broadband multi-media network, mobile data network, wireless access network and other infrastructure networks that represent the advanced level of current global telecommunications technology. Since the telecommunication restructuring in China, the pattern of competitions among different operators has taken shape in the telecommunication sector. To provide quality service, enterprises inside the industry have made all efforts in expanding network coverage, upgrading relative technologies and exploring fields of intelligent service. Their efforts to become the top networks have largely promoted the domestic demand for telecommunication and utilization of telecommunication services. By the end of June this year, the number of telephone subscribers in Sichuan had totaled 26.15 million, with a coverage rate of 30.06%. Among these telephone subscribers, there are 13.53 million cell phone users. Cell phone, a luxury item for citizens in the mid 1990s, has now become popular among the general public. You can see people with their cell phones and Xiaolingtong –wireless phones for local calls everywhere in Chengdu. Nowadays,telephones are more and more popular in households. At the same time, the number of Internet subscribers with access to the Internet through dial-up, ADSL and optical broadband has increased with geometrical progression, amounting to 2.26 million households. As a result, we have improved the efficiency of manufacturing and management through computers and telecommunication. Additionally, the government has provided more efficient services for the people with greater transparency through publicizing governmental affairs on relative websites. With informatization in many other sectors going on, all these measures have laid a solid foundation for the future development of Sichuan Province.Sichuan Provincial Telecommunications Administration is a governmental supervision body of the telecommunication industry in the province. It was established in April, 2001. During the recent years since its establishment, under the guidance of the Ministry of Information Industry, the Provincial CPC Committee and the Provincial Government, the administration has implemented national laws and regulations inside the telecommunication industry, adhered to appropriate principles of supervision, and fostered a fair and open market environment for the prosperity of the telecommunications sector. We have also carried out our work in allowing market access, managing resources of codes and numbers, providing connection, supervising service quality, securing contingency measures, supervising construction projects quality and managing telecommunication fees. We have been devoted to upgrading the overall quality of service in the telecommunication sector and promoting local economic development. At present, we have six basic telecommunication operators in Sichuan, including China Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom, China Tietong, China Netcom and China Satcom and 175 more telecommunications operators providing valued-added services, including ICP and ISP. These enterprises have been competing with each other in their respective sectors. Through competitions, they have improved enterprise operation mechanisms, upgraded level of network operation and management, strengthened marketing capabilities, enhanced the ability to develop new businesses, and heightened the quality of services. Sichuan has topped among all the 12 provinces and municipalities in the western China in terms of network coverage, revenue and the number of subscribers, with each accounting for 1/4 respectively of the indicators in the western China. Last year, the Telecommunications Administration carried out a survey among the subscribers for their satisfaction level. Results show that the three major basic operators –China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, have scored higher than the others. Meanwhile, the telecommunication industry also scores the highest among all service sectors in this survey of customer satisfaction. Recently, the CPC Committee and the Provincial Government have assigned the task of popularizing telecommunication services in the remote border areas and concentration areas of ethnic minorities. Relevant telecommunication operating companies are now enthusiastically promoting the planning and implementation of construction projects. We sincerely hope to exchange ideas with our British friends from the telecommunication industry, and we are looking forward to your advice and opinions for our project of providing villages with telecommunication access.To conclude, I wish the UK-China ICT Week a complete success. Thank you!(Full text of the remarks by Lin Hai, Vice Director-General of Sichuan Provincial Telecommunications Administration at the Sino-UK ICT Week on September 8, 2004)Text 12.3I’m with CCTV. I have a question for Minister Xu. We know that a national conference on science and technology took place early this year, and an objective was put forward, that is to build an innovation-oriented country in 15 years. Currently China stands at about 20th place in the international innovation scoreboard, and there is still a gap between China and developed countries in terms of the ability of innovation. It will be the year 2020 in 15 years’ time. What considerations do we have in putting forward such an objective at the current stage?The CPC Central Committee put forward the major strategy of building an innovation-oriented country. I believe there are several reasons: first, we already have made the objective of building a comprehensively well-off society, which means that we have to maintain the rapid economic growth of over 7% for consecutive 40 years since reform and opening-up until 2020. We know that economic growth is mainly driven by labor force, investment and progress in science and technology. According to our estimate, even if we maintain the current rate of capital investment that is about 40%, the contribution made by science and technology must be increased from the 39% to 60% in order to achieve the goal of doubling our GDP by the year 2020. Otherwise it will be impossible for us to attain the objective of quadrupling our GDP by 2020. Therefore in this sense, we can say that without the progress of science and technology, it will be very difficult for us to attain our goal of building a comprehensively well-off society.Secondly, in China, we have witnessed a serious shortage of energy, water, and land resources in per capita term. After years of rapid economic growth, we have come to face more and more acute problems in environment and resources. So we can say that the problems we are facing and we need to address are unprecedented in the history of the world economic development. From the experience of developed countries, we can say that science and technology are instrumental for us to resolve all these problems.Thirdly, in an increasingly globalized world, businesses in China have come under greater pressure in terms of international competition. Due to the lack of the core technologies, in China, for every mobile phone, every computer and every numerically controlled machine tool that we sell, we have to pay 20%, 30% and 40% of the price value respectively to foreign patent holders. In addition, we have seen a rising in the cost of our labor force. That means that there is a narrowing comparative advantage of the labor force in China. So all these factors taken into consideration, China is facing mounting pressure to become competitive internationally due to its lack of core technologies. That is why we say that the only way out is to promote the development of science and technology, is to go for self-innovation and build an innovation-oriented country.Thank you.During the 11th Five-Year Plan Period the National Development and Reform Commission will collaborate with other departments at the State Council and adopt a series of measures to promote innovations by enterprises and create a better environment.First, we will improve the policy that will give incentives to enterprises in their efforts to innovate.Based on the outline of the National Long and Medium Term Scientific and Technological Progress Development, relevant departments will introduce in more details, specific measures that will provide incentives for businesses to innovate. We will earnestly implement the Provisions on the Management of Investment in start of business so as to increase entrepreneurial investment. In addition, we will take or quicken our steps to bring forward industrial policies that will encouragethe development of bio-industry, software development and integrated circus that will have a major impact on the development of industry.Second, we will accelerate the infrastructure building.During the 11th Five-Year Plan Period, the state will intensify financial support to complete the Shanghai Synchronism Radiation Facility and the National Integrated Research Vessel and other key science and technology infrastructure projects. And we will make sure that the Third Phase of the Knowledge and Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences will be taken forward.Third, we will carry out special projects and prioritized projects to promote innovation by enterprises.In the next five years, the state will invest in about 100 state engineering laboratories in the field of bio, metallurgy and other key areas. About 50 state engineering research centers will be set up in the field of next-generation Internet, the combined gas management and the digital equipment manufacturing. And several hundreds key enterprises will be encouraged to set up their own R&D center. Efforts will also be made to put through seven key high-tech projects including the next-generation Internet technology and biomedicine and efforts will also be made to implement the project to industrialize high technologies, such as bio-vaccine.Fourth, we will put more emphasis on the major technology equipment research and major industrial technology breakthrough research.In the following five years, the state will sponsor the research of 16 major projects in terms of complete high-tech equipment, such as nuclear power generation facilities and high-speed trains. And another number of key industrial technological research projects will be strengthened, such as energy conservation technologies, new energies and the more efficient use of energies.So we are confident that by doing the above mentioned work, we will create the best possible and facilitated environment, in which Chinese enterprises and companies will have the initiatives to better innovate.Thank you!(Excerpted from the Press Conference of the 4th Session of the 10th NPC on March 10, 2006, as transcribed)Text 12.4大家好！今天我们要在这里宣布艾滋病诊断试剂和治疗药物的新一轮的降价。

Unit 1-business

In 1990
3. How large is the company? 1,000 employees, covers 75,000 square meters
Listening 1-Task 1
What’s your job? (not appropriate) Are you working at the moment? 4. Language Summary What line of work/ business are you in? Read aloud the following questions concerning company description. Which company are you working with?
and financial services with
organization
competition comes not only from domestic bank rivals like Barclays and Royal Bank of Scotland, but also from
other global leaders in the
manufacturing subsidiary of EADS, a European
aerospace company based in France. The the viable company first flyby-
produced commercially
wire
airliner,
the
in the fields of industry, energy,
transportation and health care. Its major competition comes from GE, Philips Electronics, etc.

外研社2023新职业英语视听说教程1_课件Unit 2

Listening 1-Task 2
Ⅰ Warming-up
Discuss with your partner and work out the names and functions of the following objects.
cabinets
used for storing folders
→
alphabetical
→
numerical
→
geographical
→
political
Watching 1-Task 1
Ⅰ Warming-up
Match different parts of a fax machine with their names by putting the correct letter on each blank.
ceremony n. 典礼，仪式；礼节
All the local clergy attended the ceremony. 当地所有的牧师出席了仪式。 enter into 开始，参与 I enter into partnership with him to do export business. 我与他合伙做出口生意。 or so 大约 They raised two hundred pounds or so for charity. 他们筹得了大约200磅的善款。
Listening 1-Task 2
Ⅲ Intensive Listening
Script
Listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions.
1. What did Bill ask Alice to do? To look for some files for him.

商务英语听说（第二版）参考答案u...

商务英语听说（第⼆版）参考答案u...商务英语听说(第⼆版)参考答案unit1-to-test-I--the-keys-o f--listening-practiceUnit1. Welcome and farewell.Part A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A B A D CDictation:1.Flight AF 463 to Paris is now boarding at Gate number 7.2.This is the final call for flight No. AZ 963 to Rome.3.I’d like to make a reservation for a flight to Boston on Nov. 28th.4.Do you have a single room available tomorrow night?5.I’m looking forward to our future cooperation.6.I’ll need an economy ticket with an open return.7.I’d like to have my laundry by 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.8.Thank you for all your help during our stay here in China.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: B C B B D1.W: do you have anything particular to declare?M: No. I don’t think so. I haven’t got anything dutiable with me.Q: where does the conversation most probably take place?2. M: will you attend the Fair in Tianjin in two days?W: No. I’m leaving Tianjin for Shanghai tomorrow morning for a 3-day meeting, and will visit Guangzhou afterwards. Q: where is the man going tomorrow?3.W: your flight will be departing from Gate 18. the boarding time is 8:45 andyour flight leaves at 9:15, have a nice journey!M: thank you very much.Q: what time does the man’s flight depart?4.M: did you enjoy your flight?W: Not really, I was a little airsick when the plane experienced a few bumps.Q: how does the woman like her flight?5.W: room reservation, good afternoon.M: I’d like to book a double room for Tuesday next week.Q: what’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? Conversation:Meeting a foreign businessman at the airportMr. Wang: excuse me, sir, but are you Mr. Stone from New York?Mr. Stone: Yes, I am Michael Stone, the sales manager of ABC Import & Export Company, Ltd.Mr. Wang: I am Wang Qiang from Eastern Electronics Company. I’ve come to meet you, Mr. Stone.Mr. Stone: how are you, Mr. Wang? Thank you for coming to the airport to meet me.Mr. Wang: it’s my pleasure. How many people are there in your party?Mr. Stone: only two. This is Miss White, my assistant.Mr. Wang: nice to meet you, Miss White.Miss. White: nice to meet you too, Mr. Wang.Mr. Stone: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for long, but the flight was delayed30 minutes. If it weren’t for the heavy fog, we would have been here by2:00 pm.Mr. Wang: never mind. I was stuck in traffic, too.Mr. Stone: where are we heading now?Mr. Wang: I guess you must be very tired after the long trip, so it is best if we go to your hotel to check in first. If you don’t mind, we’d like to accommodate you at Sheraton Hotel.Mr. Stone: terrific! That’s very considerate of you.(on the way)Mr. Stone: how far is it to the hotel?Mr. Wang: about 45 minutes. Is this your first time here in Tianjin, Mr. Stone? Mr. Stone: yes. We’ve never been here before. Mr. Wang: so you might as well have a look at the city along the way. And we’ll show you around the city after our business. Mr. Stone: that would be great! Thank you very much.Section A: B C B D APart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationConversation: Bon VoyageWang: it’s a shame that you can not stay in Beijing for a few more days, Mr. Knox!Knox: Yes, I’d like to, very much indeed. But I have to rush home and preside over the committee meeting. Anyhow, I really enjoyed every minute of my stay here, your warm reception, as well as your working enthusiasm have left me a deep and vivid impression and helped make my trip a productive one.Wang: it’s very kind of you to say so. Through beautiful negotiation we finally have all the disputes solved and the contract signed. I’m sure our initial transaction will pave the way for further cooperation between our two companies. We’ve been brought closer to each other by this transaction.It’s essential for us, or for a country, to strengthen economic contact with the outside world, isn’t it?Knox: I quite agree with you. In the long run, it makes sense for a nation to specialize in certain activities, producing the goods in which it has the most advantages and exchanging them for those in which it does not have the advantages. Wang: you seem to be an economist, Mr. Knox!Knox: you are to blame for it, Wang. If you hadn’t started this talk about a country’s…well, let’s drop this topic. Economist or not, I hope business between us will prosper. Then we’ll have more opportunities to meet each other. To tell you the truth, I find it very hard to say goodbye. I shall be missing you, Wang.Wang: me too, I shall be looking forward to your visit again.Knox: next time I come, I shall see more of the city. And I’ve got to try Beijing Roast Duck again, very impressive. But listen, are they announcing my flight? I’m afraid I have to board the plane now.Wang: Bon Voyage, Mr. Knox!Knox: Good-bye. Let’s keep in contact.Wang: Good-bye and take care.Section A: F F T T TUnit 2. Companies and Occupations.Part A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B A D C ADictation:1.Our market share in China has increased by 6%, accounting for 15%.2.How many sections come under the Production Department?3.We have 70330employees world-wide and sales of $19806 million.4.The world wide company has operations in more than 100 countries.5.Secretaries who receive visitors are called receptionists.6.Business hours usually start at 9 am. And finish at 5 pm., Monday to Friday.7.Most of our work consists of looking after the taxation and financial affairs.8.In the United States alone we have a turnover of over $1 billion annually. Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: D A D C B1.M: I’ve got a job offer in P&J Chemicals. Do you think I should take it?W: well, I’m not quite familiar with it. You’d better do some research on the internet.Q: what does the woman think of P&J Chemicals?2.W: I’d appreciate your professional opinion. Do you think that I should suethe company?M: not really. I think that we can settle this out of court.Q: what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?3.M: should I come for an interview?W: I’ll let you know in two weeks when I hear from the Personnel Department.Q: when should the man come for an interview?4.W: may I have a look around your company?M: sure, I’ll show you. This way please. The canteen is on the ground floor, the Personnel Department and the Sales are on the second floor. And you’ll find our biggest department on the third floor, which is the Production Department.Q: on which floor is the Sales Department?5. M: Good morning. I’m John Green from General Sales Company. I have anappointment with Mr. Smith of the Purchasing Department at tenW: Good morning. Mr. Smith’s office is on the third floor. You can take the lift around the corner.Q: which department does the woman work at?Conversation:McDonald’sTom: Where are we having lunch today?Mary: Since we are visiting another client at 1:30, I guess we’ll just grab sth at McDonald’s. what do you think?Tom: that’s pk with me. We don’t need to bother finding a place to eat, because you can find McDonal d’s everywhere. Bur do you know the history ofthe big M?Mary: not really, you seem to be an expert on that. Tell me some. Did a person named McDonald start it?Tom: yes, actually brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald opened their first restaurant in California in 1940.Mary: it has many restaurants around the world now.Tom: quite right. It’s one of the two most recognized and powerful brands in the world. The other is Coca Cola, the only soft drink supplier to McDonal d’s today. McDonal d’s operates over 32000 restaurants in 119 countries worldwide, employing more than 1.5 million people. It is growing with an average of 396 new restaurants to the system annually in the past five years.This means a new McDonal d’s will open somewhere in the world every single day.Mary: incredible! I wonder how much they make!Tom: sales across all of its company-owned and franchised restaurants totaled $56.9 billion in 2009. its revenues were of $22.7 billion and the netprofit amounts to $4.3 billion.Mary: very good business. Do you know when we had the first McDonal d’s in Beijing?Tom: if I’m not wrong. It was 1992. the date , yes, April 23. but actually McDonal d’s very first appearance in China was in Shenzhen on October 8, 1990.Mary: you seem to know everything! Did you work there?Tom: No, I just came across an article in the newspaper the other day!Part C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationConversation: a job interviewInterviewer: thank you for coming to see us, Emily. Have a seat please. Now, I’dlike to start by checking a few details with you.Emily: OKInterviewer: your resume says you worked in ABC Electronics, when did you join it?Emily: five years ago. It is a large international company, which provided a trainee program for people from university and, well that was my first job, trainee marketing manager.Interviewer: what exactly did you do?Emily: well, the program lasted 18 months. During that time I worked in different departments—in personnel, purchasing, marketing and such things. O also went out with the sales representatives to visit customers. Interviewer: did you enjoy it? Emily: yes, I did. I didn’t really know what I wanted to do when I left university, so it was god to see what the different departments did. I was really practical.Interviewer: it sounds interesting.Emily: yes, it was. But it was very badly paid. I did the same work as other people. I think a lot of the trainees feel they are a cheap source of labor. Interviewer: how long did you stay there?Emily: till the end of the trainee program. And then I saw a job vacancy in the marketing department of GM, and I applied for a job there. That’s whereI work now.Interviewer: but why do you want to leave now?Emily: I want sth more challenging. And I want a job closer to home, too. Interviewer: all right, and what career development are you looking for in our company?Unit 3. products and salesPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A B D C CDictation:1.we will allow you another 2% discount for its new product.2.the pants are available in four different colors and three sizes.3.our machine is of better quality though the price is a little higher.4.there is a close relationship between building a reputation and establishinggoodwill./doc/1c3915655.htmlpared with competing products, ours is smaller and lighter.6.we have a wide selection of shirts that will appeal to all ages.7.our company relies on quick sales and low profits.8.the sales reached a peak of 850 million in 2006, before falling to under 600million in 2008.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: A B D A C1．W: Do you think we should put an ad in the newspaper for the new product?M: by all means.Q: what does the man think of n ad in the newspaper?2．M: is it the latest model you have?W: Yes, this model is specially designed for personal cyclists. It’s got Italian frame and Japanese components.Q: what product are they talking about?3．W: In what newspapers, magazines or websites does your company advertise?M: we send brochures and samples to our potential customers. That’s more direct.Q: how does the man’s company advertise?4．M: any news from the annual conference?W: yes. The sales of this year are reported to be 120 million, increased by 20% compared with last year.Q: what were the sales last year?5. W: I’d like to get some information about your vacuum cleaner.M: OK. Unlike any other vacuum cleaner, ours is unique. It has some space age design features. Most importantly, there’s no bag inside.Q: what do we learn about the vacuum cleaner?Conversation:Section A: C B D A CSection A1.warranty2.selling price\3.yearly on-site maintenance service after one-year warranty period4.money-back guarantee5.free deliveryUnit 4. MarketingPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B D A B BDictation:1.From what I’ve heard, you’re already well up in shipping work.2.I’m sorry to say that your price has soared.3.the next thing I’d like to bring up for discussion is insurance.4.it would be very difficult for us to push any sakes if we buy it at this price.5.we wish our opinions on marketing will be passed on to our manager.6.we sell our goods on loaded weight and not on landed weight.7.it’s too expensive, do you have any discount?8.we can effect shipment in December or early next year at the latest.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: A C D D B1.M: How many do you intend to order?W: I want to order 900 dozen.M: the most we can offer you at present is 600 dozen.Q: how many can the woman order?2.M: TV is much more effective to advertise our new product, but it will cost alot of money.W: it is worth doing so as long as the result is satisfactory.Q: what does the woman mean?3.W: could we use booklets, letters, and catalogues for direct mail advertising?M: Yes. But you should build up a mailing list of possible customers for direct mail advertising.Q: what should the woman do first?4.W: you are going to Chicago tomorrow, aren’t you?M: Yes. I thought I’d fly, but then I decided that taking a Greyhound bus would be cheaper than driving or flying. Q: how will the man get to Chicago?5. M: I intend to get in the American market, but we know little about the localconditions and preferences.W: market research can help.Q: what does the woman mean?Conversation:Section A: F T F T FSection B:1.advertising\promotional2.on television\in a national newspaper3.posters\point-of-sales displays4.experienced salespeople5.high\T-shirts\umbrellaPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A:1.have very little knowledge\blaze a trial2.defend and compete against3.various kinds and in scorching competition4.keep good relations and co-operationsUnit 5. Business FairsPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B D D C ADictation:1.I’m calling to inform you that we have decided to make the purchase.2.do you have any plans to sell in Europe?3.our company is ranked second in the business.4.we doubled our output in this department as a result.5.we could make a delivery of this parcel as soon as possible.6.we find our price 25% higher compared with other companies’.7.how much does she have to pay if she stays for 3 days?8.the new company can give him 2000 dollars a month as a start.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: C B D C D1. W: Do you think we should park the car downtown?M: it’s hard to find a place.Q: what does the man mean?2. M: if I place an order on this product, when can you deliver them?W: for these products, we can arrange shipment at once. It would take longer, say, three months, if you want to order special designs.Q: when can products of special design delivered?3. W: are you glad that you came to work in Washington?M: Yes. Indeed. I’d considered going to New York or Boston, but I’ve never regretted my decision.Q: where does the man live now?4. M: registration always takes so long.W: what bothers me is all the people who cut in line.Q: what bothers the woman?5. M: did you buy your car from that dealer in the city?W: he went out of business last week.Q: what does the woman mean about the car dealer?Conversation:Section A: B D C B CSection B:1.calling from\get some information2.vacant suites\conference hall3.the experts\get the VIP treatment4.the reservation form\by fax5. 1000 RMB Yuan or 120 US DollarsPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A:1.china international agricultural machinery exhibition2.concerning agriculture\increase the farmers’ income\supporting policies andlaws/doc/1c3915655.html\0086-10-68596444Test IPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A C B C B D D A B CDictation:1.can you give me an account of your product?2.I want to take part in the exhibition in Miami.3.I know the factory is operating at full capacity.4.I suggest we ride the subway back to our hotel and rest for a while.5.my watch reads 11:30, so we have about 45 minutes to get there.6.have you filled in the Customs Declaration Form?7.we have to arrive at the airport one hour earlier.8.the company was established in 1990 and we have about 1500 employees now.9.our net profits were over 100 million US dollars last year.10.I think some of the items may find a ready market in our country.Part B. Extensive listening-----Dialogues: D B A A B1. W: Jack, have you finished your research paper for economics?M: not yet. I always seem to put things off until the last minute.Q: what are they talking about?2. M: this black bag is $ 2.00 and that blue one is a dollar more.W: the red one is twice as much as the blue one.Q: how much is the red bag?3. W: watching the news on TV is a good way to learn English.M: it’s especially helpful when you check out the same information in the newspaper.Q: what are they talking about?4. M: I like to travel by air. I like getting different places fast. Do you liketraveling by air?W: flying makes me nervous. I like feeling the ground under my feet. Traveling by rail and road are my favorite ways of traveling.Q: what does the woman feel about traveling by air?5. W: I’d like to cash this check.M: please sign the back. Do you have any account here?Q: what does the man ask the woman to do to cash money?Passage: D A B C BConversation: Leather products\leather garments\Europe\ FOB ShanghaiPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A:Newspapers, magazines, online, E-mail, blog, Facebook, twitter and cinema advertising. Making counter displays for dealers to exhibit in their shops.。

新职业英语视听说教案U3-1-2次

Unit 3 Business Meals教学目标Ss are introduced to the vocational skills covered in this unit and learn how to treat clients appropriately over business meals.教学重点、难点重点：Language summary, Extensive listening, intensive listening难点：Extensive listening, Intensive listening课时安排：2 periods教学方法1.Discussing, listening, reading by the students;2.Explanation and demonstration by the teacher.教具Multimedia, blackboard教学内容和步骤Listening 1Task 1 Telephone InvitationStep 1 Warming-upSuppose you’re going to invite your friends to dinner. Make some preparations before you send an invitation by filling in the following blanks.Step 2 Extensive ListeningNew words and expressionsinformal a.非正式的；日常使用的I meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didn’t turn out as I intended. 我本想随便商量一下，结果事与愿违。

economic a.经济学的；经济的the government’s economic policy 政府的经济政策forum n.论坛；讨论会The letters page serves as a useful forum for the exchange of readers’ views. 读者来信版是读者们交换意见的有益园地。

英语听力入门1unit12--dictation答案

1Different people have different ways of learning. We call this your “learning style,” and it’s based on your senses. To learn, you need to use your different senses—hearing, seeing, touching, etc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners. And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners. And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don’t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.2Today, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the county. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes. It has high mountains. It has valleys formed ancient ice thatcut deep into the Earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There are thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls，is the fifth highest on Earth. Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals.3America’s national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one parts of the country to anther.4The way you look at someone conveys importantcultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. “The eyes are the window of the soul,”according to the old saying. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the culture. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message—but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared. 5This time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company’s products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet. Industry experts say American businesses should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November andDecember. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.6IOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents--Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement’s rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There’s an Olympic museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures. 7There are far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who are most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly without consideringthe state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.8Petroleum has been important since ancient times. In Latin, t he name means “rock oil.”Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure. This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable.9In September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.10One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world—the worldwith time—changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.11The World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world. One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop. But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptance of cultural differences. The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 millionbarrels a day by 2020.。

听力教程施心远unit 12

Section Two Listening Comprehension
2. What are the requirements for this job? --This job involves a lot of traveling and requires rather a lot of organizing meetings and conferences. 3. Do you think the interviewee is qualified for this job? Give your reasons. --Probably he is qualified for the job. Because he has been a manager for many years and he has been abroad much. He has been to most of Western Europe. He actually has the experience of organizing a conference.
Section Two Listening Comprehension
Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions. 1.How many jobs has the interviewee had before he applies for this job? What are they? --He has had two jobs. He worked for the National Bus Company as an area sales manager. Before that, he worked for a chain of hotels as junior manager.

英语听力入门1unit12--dictation答案教案资料

英语听力入门1u n i t12--d i c t a t i o n答案Different people have different ways of learning. We call this your “learning style,”and it’s based on your senses. To learn, you need to use your different senses—hearing, seeing, touching, etc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners. And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners. And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don’t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.2Today, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the county. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes. It has high mountains. It has valleys formed ancient ice that cut deep into the Earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There are thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls，is the fifth highest on Earth.Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals.3America’s national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one parts of the country to anther.4The way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. “The eyes are the window of the soul,”according to the old saying. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the culture. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message—but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared.5This time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company’s products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet. Industry experts say American businesses should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.IOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympicsin general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents--Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement’s rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There’s an Olympic museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.7There are far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who are most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.8Petroleum has been important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means “rock oil.” Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure. This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable.9In September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.10One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world—the world with time—changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.The World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world. One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop. But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptance of cultural differences. The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.。

英语听力入门1unit12 dictation答案讲解学习

英语听力入门1u n i t12d i c t a t i o n答案Different people have different ways of learning. We call this your “learning style,”and it’s based on your senses. To learn, you need to use your different senses—hearing, seeing, touching, etc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners. And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners. And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientists don’t know why people use one sense more than the others. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.2Today, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States. It is one of the most beautiful places in the county. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes. It has high mountains. It has valleys formed ancient ice that cut deep into the Earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There are thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls, Yosemite Falls，is the fifth highest on Earth.Yosemite has a beautiful slow-moving river and large grassy areas where you can see wild animals.3America’s national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one parts of the country to anther.4The way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. “The eyes are the window of the soul,”according to the old saying. Staring is acceptable in some cultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insult, depending on the culture. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message—but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared.5This time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Many people visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company’s products. And many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet. Industry experts say American businesses should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.IOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympicsin general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents--Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement’s rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter. There’s an Olympic museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.7There are far too many road accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who are most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.8Petroleum has been important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means “rock oil.” Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure. This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable.9In September of 2000, world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include improving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.10One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world—the world with time—changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.The World Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world. One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in many industrial nations, however, is expected to drop. But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptance of cultural differences. The world economy is also becoming more integrated. On the issue of energy, the use of oil is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.。

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