英语阅读导学案(1) (1)

Reading Comprehension—Guessing meanings

高考英语阅读猜测词义技巧指导与训练

学习目标：了解和掌握英语阅读猜测词义技巧

学习重点：灵活运用英语阅读猜测词义技巧

学习难点：从理论到实践

StepⅠ Revision(复习)

新高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求

要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：

１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；

３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；

５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度。

由此，总结各项相对应的题型如下：

1.主旨大意题；

2.细节理解题；

3.猜测词义题；

4.推理判断题；

5.篇章结构题；

6.观点态度题。

StepⅡ Lead in (导入)

【猜测词义题考点概述】

猜测词义是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法和上下文的各种已知信息确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词（即：动词、名词、形容词等）。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。【常考词汇类型】1. 在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词；

2. 专业化程度较高的词；

3. 生僻词；

4. 常用代词。

Step ⅢHow to guess the meanings of words in reading comprehension ?

【方法一】：Using word formation（构词法）

英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。

prefix (前缀）word root (词根）suffix（后缀）

①unbelievabl前缀______; 词根_____________; 后缀_____________.

②With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can

provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)

unconditional 前缀______; 词根_________; 后缀________.意为____

nonjudgmental 前缀______; 词根________; 后缀_________.意为____

【方法二】：Using context clues（利用上下文线索）

技巧 1 Synonym ( 同义词、近义词)

作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。

同义词常见信号词：or, namely, that is (to say), just as, like…

eg.①Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 本句中下划线的词意为___________________

②At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were

they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.

本句中下划线的词意为_____

技巧 2 Antonym ( 反义词)

反义词常见信号词unlike; but，however, although; while, instead(of), on the other hand...

eg: ①Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely．“homely” 意思是

②If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.“dissent”意思是

________

技巧 3 Definition ( 定义、解释或举例)

通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组来确定词义.

常见信号词：be, mean, that is, that’s to say, or, namely, in other words,

to put it another way, i.e., such as , like, especially, for instance, for example …eg: ①When writing an article, we often use simile,such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like lightning”．本句中“simile” 意为___________

②He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily.

本句中“resolute”意为___________

技巧 4 Cause and effect ( 因果关系)

常见信号词有：because, as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore，so that…

①All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.

本句中“futile”意为___________

②She did not hear what you said, for she was completely engrossed in her reading.

本句中“engrossed”意为___________