有机化学英文文献翻译
对称八溴代酞菁的合成及其特征
K.R. Venugopala Reddy a,*, J. Keshavayya b
a Department of Studies in Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University,
Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta - 577 451Shimoga District,Karnataka, India
b Department of Studies in Chemistry, Kuvempu University,
Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta - 577 451Shimoga District,Karnataka, India
Received 5 November 2001; received in revised form 14 December 2001;
accepted 18 January 2002
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +91-08282-56225; fax: +91-08282-37255.
E-mail address: university@sancharnet.in (K.R. Venugopala Reddy).
摘要
现在已经提出一条既方便又简单合成对称1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-溴代金属—Cu，Co，Ni，Zn酞菁颜料的路线。金属酞菁是由相应的八氨基取代酞菁合成的。合成的化合物经过元素分析、电子光谱、红外光谱、磁性测试、粉末X射线衍射实验和热重研究来评估其热稳性、结晶度、结构完整性和纯度。经过讨论和分析发现取代基对于电子光谱的影响及轨道对磁矩的贡献远远超过了电子场强的影响。
关键词：酞菁八取代合成热度电子的颜料和染料
1.引言
酞菁在近几年引起广泛的关注不仅是因为酞菁的结构同一些能够维持生命的重要分
子如叶绿素、血红素相似，而且它具有显著的上色功能。这些颜料是被稳定在一些通过在酞菁环外围引入一些合适的取代基的多晶转变体上。卤素取代的金属酞菁颜料在商业上用于颜料及滤色片[1]等的制造。由于酞菁普遍具有共轭芳香基团的发色基，所以在蓝绿色上有着非常高的吸收系数。总之，所有的酞菁都有四苯并四氮杂卟啉结构作为发色基。
由于金属酞菁的着色能力和其华丽的色彩使其在颜料及染料[2]制造业中占有重要的地位。他们对光、热、酸及碱有着显著地稳定性。以上一系列化合物不溶于水和大部分有机溶剂，并被广泛用于制造印刷用油墨、颜料、涂料和塑料。酞菁被用来做彩色打印机和激光打印机[3]的碳粉。酞菁颜料也被用作液晶显示器的滤光镜。一篇文献研究表明合成氯代
十六烷、溴代十六烷、碘代十六烷和混合卤代金属酞菁的方法和那些颜料主要用于商业目的[4]。大多数的合成流程都是有文献专利的因为不能通用。关于对称四取代2,9,16,23和1，8,15,22,-溴代金属酞菁的合成和结构的研究报道是可用的[5,6]。但是，关于对称八取代
1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-溴代金属酞菁的合成和结构的研究报道是没有可通用的。基于以上事实，我们开始从事对标题化合物的合成及结构的研究。
在过去的一些文献中我们讨论了关于对称取代1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-八溴代金属酞菁的合成和结构的研究。文中所提到的工艺经过了适当的改良并应用到合成标题化合物中[5]。1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24位置上的酞菁的主要部分的π电子体系的溴代取代效应和随之引起的电子光谱、热性能、红外光谱和结晶度的数据都在讨论中。
2.实验
在其他地方报道过制备1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-八氨基取代酞菁的工艺流程[7]。氨基化合物通过改良后的桑德麦尔反应转化为相应的溴代衍生物[8]。合成1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-八溴代酞菁的路线如图一所示。所有化学试剂皆为分析纯。
2.1 1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-八溴代酞菁铜（Ⅱ）颜料的制备
1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-八氨基酞菁铜（Ⅱ）（5g）与HCl中偶合得到酞菁铜的重氮盐CuPON2+Cl-。并将混合物保存在碎冰中使温度在5℃以下。
将五水硫酸铜（19.6g）和二水溴化钠（11.3g）溶解于50ml的水中，将亚硫酸氢钠（5.12g 溶于30ml水中）缓慢加入上述溶液中并不断搅拌，直至室温。用少量亚硫酸洗涤三次所得沉淀物。将溴化亚铜溶解于20ml48%的HBr中。再将1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-八溴代酞菁铜（Ⅱ）的冷藏溶液缓慢倒入溴化钠中，并搅拌。由于副产物重氮盐和溴化亚铜的分离，混合物开始变浑浊(CuPON2+Cl_，CuBr)。加成物要不断振荡直至室温。然后水浴加热到60℃使其完成重盐的裂解并且一直加热到没有氮气生成。
倾析得到澄清溶液，并用水冲洗残留物。将绿色产物离心分离并分别用1M NaOH和1M HCl洗涤四次，最后用蒸馏水清洗。固体1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-八溴代酞菁铜（Ⅱ）在50℃下干燥一1h。颜料粉末是通过酸附着过程得到的，即一份粉末溶于6-10份的浓硫酸中。将混合物静止1-2h，然后放进冰块中并搅拌彻底。得到颜料并用热水冲洗。最后重复用纯酒精洗涤并放在真空干燥器中干燥2天[9]。这种方法是用于Cu（Ⅱ），Co（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ），但是Zn（Ⅱ）要经历金属移除反应。
Ni（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）的八溴代酞菁衍生物是分别通过各自的金属氨基酞菁衍生物用上述方法制备的。
在印度昌迪加尔的旁遮普大学的精细仪器中心对C、H、N做了元素分析。对磁性的研究是在室温下通过Gouy磁天平法即包括NP-53型电磁体和半微量天平进行研究的。Pacal常数是用来计算抗磁修正的。Hg [Co (SCN)4] 化合物作为岛津紫外可见分光光度计的校准物[10]，UV-160A使用来研究电子吸收光谱。红外光谱是通过Nicolet MX-FT红外分光仪测量的。PW1710X-ray 衍射仪是用来研究化合物衍射部分的。光谱是在40Kv，20mA，7mm宽的孔道且图表速度为10mm/min进行记录的。TGA/SDTA热分析仪是用来研究热分解的。
3.结果与讨论
由于金属原子半径非常接近于1.35A所以形成的金属酞菁化合物具有热稳定性和抗酸腐蚀性。八溴代酞菁Cu（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）和Co（Ⅱ）衍生物制备完毕，且都为深绿色，但是只有Zn带有些许棕色。它们浓硫酸中为澄清溶液也完全溶于DMSO、DMF和吡啶中，但是不溶于水及大部分有机溶液如乙醇、乙醚、四氯化碳和苯中。对C、H、N及金属的分析结果如表一所示。
4.红外光谱
红外光谱红外数据记录总结在表2中，光谱为图2。所有化合物在3394-3410cm-1上有宽峰吸收，即显示出酞菁高分子中的氮氢键[11]。在1533-1613cm-1处有尖锐的峰行，即表示出有碳碳双键存在。在1341-1352cm-1处有吸收峰是因为碳氮键的存在。在752-757cm-1处有吸收峰是因为碳溴键的伸缩频率。剩下的吸收峰是由于酞菁骨架振动引起的[12]。
5.磁性
磁性和磁矩都是在化合物为固态情况下测量的，数据显示CuPOBr和CoPOBr为顺磁性的，ZnPOBr为逆磁性的。CuPOBr和CoPOBr的磁矩比未成对电子的要高。高出来的大概是由于简并轨道的贡献。这种轨道作用会随电子磁场的增强而增加。只有在高电子磁场下化合物的磁矩与自旋对应。CuPOBr和CoPOBr在u eff上的较高的数据可能是因为在π电子云下分子间的磁性各向异性[12.13]。
人们可能注意从Xm和u eff的变化趋势注意到CoPOBr中相邻金属原子的自旋偶合和在CuPOBr的酞菁分子中氮原子的超交换[13.14]。
由于酞菁环上[15.16]的金属轨道和π轨道的相互作用，在高电子场中发现了预期中的CuPOBr和CoPOBr的数值比未取代的酞菁要高。但是得到的数据并不与原来的未取代的金属酞菁相符合[17]。这个可能是占主导地位的阻碍叠加超过预期中的功能团的霍尔迁移。
6.电子光谱
溴代酞菁是在18M的硫酸中进行电子光谱测量，且浓度范围为5.1-5.2×10-4M。数据记录总结在表2中。所有化合物的峰值都在611-647nm的范围内，此范围为酞菁特征峰值。在224-231nm上的波峰显示有碳键。所有的化合物在471-482nm上的波峰为a2u-e g的贡献。
7.X射线衍射分析
Cu（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）、Ni（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）的酞菁粉末衍射是在2θ，6-70°下显示出与弱结晶性相符的显著的特点。人们能在图3明显的观察到在未取代的金属酞菁的峰值面积会扩大。这显示出标题化合物比未取代的金属酞菁的结晶度要小。这可能是因为体积较为庞大的溴原子在堆积金属酞菁的衍生物中占了主导地位。粉末X射线衍射结果只能定性的解释结晶度。溴取代的效果可能在第一个d数据中显示出来。
8.热重分析
在静态下的对溴代金属酞菁的热重分析显示出这些化合物是一步降解。CuPOBr、CoPOBr、NiPOBr、ZnPOBr在220-440℃下重量减少，即分子外围的溴基团损失。最主要的重量损失是在440-650℃下发生的分子降解。而最后未被分解的产物为金属氧化物。热稳性顺序为ZnPOBr ＞CoPOBr ＞CuPOBr ＞NiPOBr。可能的碎片模式总结在表3中。
9.结论
对溴代金属酞菁磁性的研究显示CuPOBr、CoPOBr是顺磁性的而NiPOBr、ZnPOBr
是逆磁性的。磁矩由于轨道贡献会比未取代的高，在电子场中的磁矩变化是由于分子间的磁性影响。对于热重的研究显现出热稳性的顺序为：ZnPOBr ＞CoPOBr ＞CuPOBr ＞NiPOBr。
致谢
感谢化工中心所提供的实验仪器。感谢印度UGC大学所授予的国际药学联合会研究会会员称号。
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丹宁改性絮凝剂处理城市污水 J.Beltrán-heredia，J.ánche z-Martin 埃斯特雷马杜拉大学化学工程系和物理化学系,德埃娃儿，S / N 06071，巴达霍斯，西班牙 摘要 一种新的以丹宁为主要成分的混凝剂和絮凝剂已经过测试用以处理城市污水。TANFLOC 证实了其在浊度的去除上的高效性（接近100%，取决于剂量），并且近50%的BOD5和COD 被去除，表明TANFLOC是合适的凝集剂，效力可与明矾相媲美。混凝絮凝剂过程不依赖于温度，发现最佳搅拌速度和时间为40转/每分钟和30分钟。多酚含量不显著增加，30%的阴离子表面活性剂被去除。沉淀过程似乎是一种絮凝分离，所以污泥体积指数和它随絮凝剂剂量的改变可以确定。证明TANFLOC是相当有效的可用于污水处理的混凝絮凝剂。 关键词: 基于丹宁的絮凝剂城市污水絮凝天然混凝剂 1．简介 人类活动是废物的来源。特别是在城市定居点，来自家庭和工业的废水可能是危险有害的产品[ 1 ]，需要适当的处理，以避免对环境[ 2 ]和健康的影响[ 3,4 ]。2006年12月4日联合国大会通过决议宣布2008为国际卫生年。无效的卫生基础设施促使每年220万人死于腹泻，主要在3岁以下儿童，600万人因沙眼失明，两亿人感染血吸虫病，只是为了给出一些数据[ 5 ]。显然，他们中的大多数都是在发展中国家，所以谈及城市污水，必须研究适当的技术来拓宽可能的处理技术种类。 在这个意义上，许多类型的水处理被使用。他们之间的分歧在于经济和技术特点上。了摆脱危险的污染[ 6 ]，一些令人关注的论文已经发表的关于城市污水处理的几种天然的替代方法，包括绿色过滤器、化学初步分离、紫外消毒[ 7 ]和多级程序[ 8 ]。 几个以前的文件指出了城市污水管理[9,10]的重要性。这种类型的废物已成为社会研究的目标，因为它涉及到几个方面，都与社会结构和社会组织[11 ]相关。根据这一维度，必须认识到废水管理作为发展中国家的一种社会变化的因素，事关污水处理和生产之间的平衡，是非常重要的，一方面，人类要发展，另一方面，显而易见。 对水处理其它程序的研究一直是这和其他文件的范围。几年来，研究者关注的是发展中国家间的合作，他们正在致力于水处理的替代过程，主要考虑可持续发展，社会承受能力和可行性等理念。在这个意义上，自然混凝絮凝剂这一广为传播，易于操作的资源即使是非专业人员也不难操作。有一些例子，如辣木[ 14 ]和仙人掌榕[ 15 ]。丹宁可能是一个新的混凝剂和絮凝剂。 一些开拓者已经研究了丹宁水处理能力。 ?zacar和sengil [ 16 ]：从瓦罗NIA获得的丹宁，从土耳其的autoctonous树的果壳中获得丹宁，并用于他们的–污水混凝絮凝过程。他们表明，丹宁有很好的效果，结合Al2（SO4）3可进一步提高污泥去除率。 詹和赵[ 17 ]试着用丹宁为主要成分的凝胶作为吸收剂除去水中的铝，丹宁凝胶改进了金属去除过程，一定意义上也可参照Nakano等人的[ 18 ]，Kim 和Nakano[ 19 ]。 ?zacar和sengil [ 20 ]加强以前的文章给出了关于三卤甲烷的形成和其他不良化合物特殊的数据，以及处理后的水质安全。他们始终使用丹宁与Al2（SO4）3的组合。 帕尔马等人将丹宁从辐射松的树皮为原位提取，用于重金属去除中聚合固体。树皮本
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology(机械类英文文献+翻译)
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology—Machining Serope kalpakjian；Steven R.Schmid 机械工业出版社2004年3月第1版 20.9 MACHINABILITY The machinability of a material usually defined in terms of four factors: 1、Surface finish and integrity of the machined part; 2、Tool life obtained; 3、Force and power requirements; 4、Chip control. Thus, good machinability good surface finish and integrity, long tool life, and low force And power requirements. As for chip control, long and thin (stringy) cured chips, if not broken up, can severely interfere with the cutting operation by becoming entangled in the cutting zone. Because of the complex nature of cutting operations, it is difficult to establish relationships that quantitatively define the machinability of a material. In manufacturing plants, tool life and surface roughness are generally considered to be the most important factors in machinability. Although not used much any more, approximate machinability ratings are available in the example below. 20.9.1 Machinability Of Steels Because steels are among the most important engineering materials (as noted in Chapter 5), their machinability has been studied extensively. The machinability of steels has been mainly improved by adding lead and sulfur to obtain so-called free-machining steels. Resulfurized and Rephosphorized steels. Sulfur in steels forms manganese sulfide inclusions (second-phase particles), which act as stress raisers in the primary shear zone. As a result, the chips produced break up easily and are small; this improves machinability. The size, shape, distribution, and concentration of these inclusions significantly influence machinability. Elements such as tellurium and selenium, which are both chemically similar to sulfur, act as inclusion modifiers in
电气供配电系统大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文） 外文文献翻译 文献、资料中文题目：供配电系统 文献、资料英文题目：POWER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 文献、资料来源： 文献、资料发表（出版）日期： 院（部）： 专业： 班级： 姓名： 学号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 2017.02.14
POWER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ABSTRACT The basic function of the electric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, allcostumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability, but don't consider that it's self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable.To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network construction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off is less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic,between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power net and the loss brought from power-off. KEYWARDS：power supply and distribution,power distribution reliability，reactive compensation,load distribution
各专业的英文翻译剖析
哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law ) 诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws
机械专业中英文对照翻译大全.
机械专业英语词汇中英文对照翻译一览表 陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing
尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker
机械类英文文献+翻译)
机械工业出版社2004年3月第1版 20.9 MACHINABILITY The machinability of a material usually defined in terms of four factors: 1、Surface finish and integrity of the machined part; 2、Tool life obtained; 3、Force and power requirements; 4、Chip control. Thus, good machinability good surface finish and integrity, long tool life, and low force And power requirements. As for chip control, long and thin (stringy) cured chips, if not broken up, can severely interfere with the cutting operation by becoming entangled in the cutting zone. Because of the complex nature of cutting operations, it is difficult to establish relationships that quantitatively define the machinability of a material. In manufacturing plants, tool life and surface roughness are generally considered to be the most important factors in machinability. Although not used much any more, approximate machinability ratings are available in the example below. 20.9.1 Machinability Of Steels Because steels are among the most important engineering materials (as noted in Chapter 5), their machinability has been studied extensively. The machinability of steels has been mainly improved by adding lead and sulfur to obtain so-called free-machining steels. Resulfurized and Rephosphorized steels. Sulfur in steels forms manganese sulfide inclusions (second-phase particles), which act as stress raisers in the primary shear zone. As a result, the chips produced break up easily and are small; this improves machinability. The size, shape, distribution, and concentration of these inclusions significantly influence machinability. Elements such as tellurium and selenium, which are both chemically similar to sulfur, act as inclusion modifiers in resulfurized steels. Phosphorus in steels has two major effects. It strengthens the ferrite, causing
电气工程及其自动化专业_外文文献_英文文献_外文翻译_plc方面
1、 外文原文 A: Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer Th e si ng le -c hi p m ic ro co mp ut er i s t he c ul mi na ti on of both t h e de ve lo pm en t o f t he d ig it al co m pu te r an d th e i n te gr at ed c i rc ui t a rg ua bl y t h e to w m os t s ig ni f ic an t i nv en ti on s o f t he 20th c e nt ur y [1]. Th es e t ow ty pe s of ar ch it ec tu re a re fo un d i n s in g le -ch i p m i cr oc om pu te r. So m e em pl oy t he spl i t pr og ra m/da ta m e mo ry o f th e H a rv ar d ar ch it ect u re , sh ow n in Fi g.3-5A -1, o th ers fo ll ow t he p h il os op hy , wi del y a da pt ed f or ge n er al -p ur po se co m pu te rs a nd m i cr op ro ce ss o r s, o f ma ki ng n o log i ca l di st in ct ion be tw ee n p r og ra m an d d at a m e mo ry a s i n t he P r in ce to n ar ch ite c tu re , sh ow n i n F ig.3-5A-2. In g en er al te r ms a s in gl e -chi p m ic ro co mp ut er i s c h ar ac te ri ze d b y t h e i nc or po ra ti on o f a ll t he un it s of a co mp uter i n to a s in gl e d ev i ce , as s ho wn in Fi g3-5A -3. Fig.3-5A-1 A Harvard type Program memory Data memory CPU Input& Output unit memory CPU Input& Output unit
常见的有机化学基团名称翻译
有机化学基团名称翻译 A 伸乙烷合萘基;伸二氢苊基acenaphtheneylene 亚乙烷合萘基;亚二氢苊基acenaphthenylidene 醋酰胺基;乙酰胺基acetamido; acetamino 乙炔基acetenyl;ethynyl 乙酰乙酰基acetoacetyl 丙酮基acetonyl 亚丙酮基acetonylidene 乙酰氧基acetoxy 乙酰基acetyl 乙酰亚胺基acetylimino 酸硝基aci-nitro 吖啶基acridinyl 丙烯酰基acrylyl; acryloyl 己二酰基adipoyl; adipyl 脲[基]羰基;脲甲酰基allophanyl; allophanoyl 烯丙基allyl 甲脒基amidino; guanyl 酰胺基amido 酰胺草酰基;草酰胺酰基amidoxalyl; oxamoyl 胺基amino 戊基amyl; pentyl 伸戊基amylene 亚戊基amylidene 亚戊基amylidene; pentylidene 苯胺基anilino 大茴香亚甲基;对甲氧苯亚甲基;对甲氧亚苄 基anisal; anisylidene 甲氧苯胺基anisidino 大茴香酰基;对甲氧苯甲酰基;对甲氧苄酰基anisoyl 大茴香亚甲基;对甲氧亚苄基;对甲氧苯亚甲 基anisylidene; p-methoxybenzylidene; anisal 邻胺苯甲酰基;邻胺苄酰基anthraniloyl; anthranoyl 蒽基anthranyl; anthryl 蒽醌基anthraquinonyl 伸蒽基;次蒽基anthrylene 精胺酰基arginyl 亚胂酸基arsinico 胂基arsino 胂酸基arsono 亚胂基arsylene 细辛基;2,4,5-三甲氧苯基asaryl; 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 天[门]冬酰胺酰基asparaginyl; asparagyl 天[门]冬胺酰基aspartyl 阿托酰基;颠茄酰基;2-苯丙烯酰基atropoyl 壬二酰基azelaxyl 迭氮基;三氮基azido; triazo 偶氮亚胺基azimino; azimido 次偶氮基azino 偶氮基azo 氧偶氮基azoxy B 苯亚甲基;亚苄基benzal 苯甲酰胺基;苄酰胺基benzamido 苯亚磺酰基benzene sulfinyl; phenylsulfinyl 苯磺酰胺基benzenesulfonamido 苯磺酰基benzenesulfonyl 次苄基benzenyl; benzylidyne 二苯甲基benzhydryl; diphenylmethyl 二苯亚甲基benzhydrylidene; diphenylmethylene 联苯胺基benzidino 亚苄基;苯亚甲基benzilidene 二苯羟乙酰基benziloyl 苯并咪唑基benzimidazolyl 苯甲酰亚胺基benzimido; benzoylimino 亚胺苄基benzimidoyl; benzimidoyle 苯并呋喃基;熏草基benzofuryl 苯并哌喃基benzopyranyl 苯并【口+咢】【口+井】基benzoxazinyl 苯并【口+咢】唑基benzoxazolyl 苯甲酰氧基;苄酰氧基benzoxy; benzoyloxy 苯甲酰基;苄酰基benzoyl 伸苯甲酰基benzoylene 苯甲酰亚胺基benzoylimino; benzimido 苯甲酰氧基benzoyloxy; benzoxy 苄基;苯甲基benzyl 亚苄基;苯亚甲基benzylidene; benzylene; benzal 次苄基;苯次甲基benzylidyne; benzenyl 联苯基biphenylyl 【草(之上)+伯】基;龙脑基;冰片基;莰基bornyl; camphenyl 丁二烯基butadienyl 次丁烯基butenylidyne 丁氧基butoxy 丁基butyl 伸丁基butylene 亚丁基butylidene
机械专业外文文献翻译
翻译部分 英文原文 High-speed machining and demand for the development of High-speed machining is contemporary advanced manufacturing technology an important component of the high-efficiency, High-precision and high surface quality, and other features. This article presents the technical definition of the current state of development of China's application fields and the demand situation. High-speed machining is oriented to the 21st century a new high-tech, high-efficiency, High-precision and high surface quality as a basic feature, in the automobile industry, aerospace, Die Manufacturing and instrumentation industries gained increasingly widespread application, and has made significant technical and economic benefits. contemporary advanced manufacturing technology an important component part. HSC is to achieve high efficiency of the core technology manufacturers, intensive processes and equipment packaged so that it has a high production efficiency. It can be said that the high-speed machining is an increase in the quantity of equipment significantly improve processing efficiency essential to the technology. High-speed machining is the major advantages : improve production efficiency, improve accuracy and reduce the processing of cutting resistance. The high-speed machining of meaning, at present there is no uniform understanding, there are generally several points as follows : high cutting speed. usually faster than that of their normal cutting 5 -10 times; machine tool spindle speed high, generally spindle speed in -20000r/min above 10,000 for high-speed cutting; Feed at high velocity, usually 15 -50m/min up to 90m/min; For different cutting materials and the wiring used the tool material, high-speed cutting the meaning is not necessarily the same; Cutting process, bladed through frequency (Tooth Passing Frequency) closer to the "machine-tool - Workpiece "system the dominant natural frequency (Dominant Natural Frequency), can be considered to be high-speed cutting. Visibility high-speed machining is a comprehensive concept. 1992. Germany, the Darmstadt University of Technology, Professor H. Schulz in the 52th on the increase of high-speed cutting for the concept and the scope, as shown in Figure 1. Think different cutting targets, shown in the figure of the transition area (Transition), to be what is commonly called the high-speed cutting, This is also the time of metal cutting process related to the technical staff are looking forward to, or is expected to achieve the cutting speed. High-speed machining of machine tools, knives and cutting process, and other aspects specific requirements. Several were from the following aspects : high-speed machining technology development status and trends.