The Rocking-Horse Winner
英语中色彩与其内涵
颜色词的基本象征意义1.黑、白两色在西方文化中象征着黑暗与光明。
在圣经里，黑色象征魔鬼、邪恶、痛苦与不幸，因此，黑色也叫做“死色”。
白色则是上帝、天使、幸福、欢乐和美德的象征。
拉夫·沃尔多·埃默森（Ralph WaldoEmerson）有句名言：“The grey past,the white future ”（灰色的过去，充满希望的未来）。
黑（Black ）用在比喻上总是给人一种可怕的、甚至邪恶的感觉。
如：“a black villai n”（大坏蛋，恶棍）；“black death”（黑死病）；“black flag”（海盗旗，死刑旗）；“black ingratitude ”（极端的忘恩负义）；“black words”（不吉利的话）；“talk black into white”（指鹿为马，诡辩）；“B—hand”（黑手党，秘密犯罪集团）；“ a black letter day”（凶日，倒霉的日子）；“Black mail”（讹诈，勒索）；“black money ”（黑钱，没有报税的钱）；“black —hearted”（黑心肠的，歹毒的）；“black art”（妖术）……所有这些词语都表明“Black”（黑）与坏的、邪恶、愤怒的特征相联系。
与“Black”（黑）相对的“White”（白）在西方文化里则有美好、希望、幸福、快乐的涵义。
“A white X‟mas ”（意指“银装素裹的圣诞节”）；“white hands”（公正廉洁的）；“white knight ”（白衣骑士，指政治改革家或事业上的得胜者）；“white li e”（小谎，圆场谎，为了不使人难堪而说的谎话）；“a white day”（吉日）；“days marked with a white stone”（幸福的日子）。
“白雪公主”（Snow white），美国华盛顿的“白宫”（White－House）是国家权力的象征；“白厅”（White hal l ）则是英国伦敦中央政府机关集中的街道；西方国家发布的正式文件叫“白皮书”（white paper）。
DH-Lawrence
'Lady Chatterley's Lover' attacked in press Paintings seized from exhibition at Warren Gallery, LondonLawrence dies in Vence, South of France, 2 March 1930
D.H. Lawrence 188 Nottinghamshire, 11 September
1885
Pupil teacher at Eastwood, 19021906Student at University College,
Returns to New Mexico and visits Mexico, 1924 -1925 Returns to Europe. Settles near Florence, 1925-1928Last visit to England and Eastwood area, Aug 1926 Lives in Switzerland before moving to South of France, 1928-1929
D.H. Lawrence
• To him modern world (money, industrialism) seemed to have corrupted man’s emotional life. He thought the salvation of modern civilization lies in free expression of emotions and in true personal relationships, especially those of man and women in love.
syllabus英文小故事
Introduction to Literature in EnglishCourse Description:The course aims to present the basic elements of three literary genres: Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Some critical theories will also be introduced to help the students better understand the works. Students are required to closely read the assigned materials each time, prepare for and be actively involved in class discussions .Tentative Schedule:1.Elements of Fiction (9 weeks, two class hours each week)Time Element Literary WorksWeeks 1 and 2: Plot “The Story of an Hour” and “A Rose for Emily”Weeks 3 and 4 Character and characterization “Everyday Use” and “Eveline”Week 5 Point of View “Miss Brill”Week 6 Style “A Clean Well-Lighted House”Week 7 Tone and Irony “The Tell-Tale Heart”Week 8 Symbol and Irony “The Fly”Week 9 Theme “The Rocking-Horse Winner”2.Elements of Poetry (8 weeks, two class hours each week)Week 10 Speaker and ToneWeek 11 Denotation and ConnotationWeek 12 Image, Symbolism and AllegoryWeek 13 Figures of SpeechWeek 14 Musical DevicesWeek 15 Rhythm and MeterWeek 16 PatternWeek 17 Open Form3.Elements of Drama (One Week, two hours)Week 18 Elements of Drama Susan Glaspell “Trifles”4.Final ExamWeek 19Tips and requirements:1.Read for a better life.2.Sweep across XISU library.3.Select a piece of literary works to read.4.Fabrication vs. Real life.5.Learn the literary terms to be a critic.。
英语文学阅读书目
英语⽂学阅读书⽬英语⽂学阅读书⽬Aesop Fables[ENG] - 伊索寓⾔的联机版本。
Classics at the Online Literature Library[ENG]@ - 有许多著名作家的著名作品可以在线阅读。
Grimms Fairy Tales[ENG]@ - 格林童话全集。
The Internet Classics Archive[ENG]@ - 有很多古罗马、古希腊、春秋战国时期⽂学作品的英⽂版本可供在线阅读，如伊⾥亚特、奥得赛、道德经等等。
“飘”主页[ENG] - 有郝斯嘉和⽩瑞德的贺卡奉送！《A Haunted House》[ENG] - 英国著名意识流⼩说⼥作家伍尔夫的作品。
《Billy Budd》[ENG] - Herman Melville的作品。
《Good Wives》[ENG]- ⼗九世纪美国出⾊的⼥作家ALCOTT的作品。
?《Kim》 - 诺贝尔奖⾦获得者、英国作家吉⼘林的作品。
《Moonfleet》[ENG] - J.Meade-Falkner的作品。
《Northanger Abbey》[ENG] - ⼗九世纪英国著名⼥作家奥斯汀的作品。
《Persuasion》[ENG] - ⼗九世纪英国著名⼥作家奥斯汀的⼩说。
?《Prince Otto》[ENG] - 英国作家史蒂⽂森的作品。
《Rocking-Horse Winner》[ENG] - 英国作家劳伦斯的作品。
《Stalky and Company》[ENG] - 诺贝尔奖⾦获得者、英国作家吉⼘林的作品。
《The Assignation》（NEW）[ENG] - 美国神秘⼩说家爱伦坡的作品。
《The Cask of Amontillado》（NEW）[ENG] - 美国神秘⼩说家爱伦坡的作品。
《The Chimes》 [ENG] - 英国作家狄更斯的作品。
《The Cricket on the Hearth》（NEW）[ENG] - 英国作家狄更斯的作品。
英美文学史
Charlenekoo英国文学史：Beowulf:✧The national epic of the English people.✧Beowulf is the nephew of Hygelac, King of the Geats, a people in Jutland, Denmark.✧The most striking features: the use of alliteration头韵✧Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements.隐喻/低调陈述Romance传奇故事:✧the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romanceThe Ballads:✧The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.Geoffrey Chaucer:✧The founder of English realism / founder of English poetry, born 1340.✧The father of English poetry / the father of English fiction✧The heroic couplet英雄双韵体✧The Canterbury Tales: prologue(前言)、20个完整的故事、还有四个故事残篇。
✧The Prologue provides a framework for the tales.(前言)✧He is the first great people who wrote on the English language.⏹文艺复兴时期：Thomas More:✧Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hyhloday, areturned voyage.—prose散文Christopher Marlowe:✧Three plays:Tamburlaine / The Jew of Malta / Doctor FaustusWilliam Shakespeare：✧One of the founders of Realism in English literature.✧Skilled in many poetic forms✧ A great master of the English language.✧154 sonnets and 2 long poems.✧10 historical plays作品分成三个时期:1st: 1590-1594✧The Comedy of Errors《错误的戏剧》✧The Two Gentlemen of Verona《维罗纳的二绅士》✧The Taming of the Shrew《驯悍记》✧Love ‘s Labor’s Lost《爱的徒劳》✧Romeo and Juliet(earliest great success in tragedy)2nd: 1595-1600 喜剧为主✧Midsummer Night’s Dream / The Merchant of Venice / As You Like It / Twelfth Night✧The Merry Wives of Windsor / Much Ado about Nothing✧ 5 historical plays / Sonnets3rd:1601-1607悲剧为主✧悲剧：Hamlet / Othello/ King Lear / Macbeth / Timon of Athens《雅典的泰门》Othello: shows that noble-minded people may be led astray by evil forces in a evil society and commit heinous mistakes if they cannot distinguish falsehood from truth, and evil from good. It is a tragedy of humanism / it is also a tragedy of the colored people in a society of racial prejudice.✧喜剧：Troilus and Cressida /All is Well That Ends Well《吉人天相》/ Measure for Measure《以牙还牙》✧ 2 Roman tragedies: Antony and Cleopatra / Coriolanus⏹17世纪文学：John Milton:✧ A master of the blank verse/ a great stylist.✧Lycidas《利西达斯》—elegy挽歌✧1665 Paradise Lost—long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse—main idea: a revolt against God’sauthority.✧1671 Paradise Regained—epic✧1671 Samson Agonistes—poetical drama.John Bunyan:✧The Pilgrim’s Process—religious allegory宗教寓言John Donne:✧The founder of Metaphysical School玄学派诗人的创始者✧The Flea《跳蚤》—求爱✧Holy Sonnets《圣十四行诗》✧Seeks out complex rhythms and strange images.George Herbert:✧The saint of the Metaphysical school.✧The Altar《祭坛》⏹18世纪文学：Daniel Defoe:✧The father of English and European novels英国小说之父✧Captain Singleton,1720 / Moll Flanders, 1722✧The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe --–one of the forerunners of the English realisticnovel. It creates the image of an enterprising Englishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie of the 18th century.鲁滨逊代表了资产阶级，Defoe在书中没有怪责黑人奴隶制。
(完整word版)英国文学选读 课后习题
Thomas HardyTess of the D’Urbervilles1.How does Tess react to Clare’s suggestion that they should leave theirshelter?Why?She showed a strange unwillingness to move. Because she doesn’t want to put an end to all that’s sweet and lovely peacefulness and affection.2.What is the significance of Tess resting on an altar in the heathen temple?1）She is the sacrifice of the social conventions and prejudice which society has placed upon her2）In Hardy's eyes, she is the epitome of the purity of women, as pure as the sacrifices which are placed upon the altar.3）She knows the fate which is about to befall upon her, just as the sacrifices on the altar, inescapable death.4）Her death is caused by human hypocrisy and foolishness, similar to that of a sacrifice.5）At the end, the only place which can accept her for who she is is death and sacrifice.6）Biblical allusion. Parallel to phrase the first, when Abraham and her where on the carriage. Similar to the biblical story where Abraham was to sacrifice his son, the family sacrificed Tess.3. Comment on this sentence:“Justice’ was done,and the President of thelmmortals(in Aeschyleanphrase )had ended his sport with Tess”.In what sense is Tess’ s tory tragic?(1)Tess is a typical victim of the society. Poverty of the family, inhumanity, injustice andhypocrisy of the society decide her tragedy. The two men—the one who takes away her virginity and purity, the other who takes away her love but deserts her on the very weding night—though apparent rivals, join their forces in bringing about her final destruction.Hers is a personal tragedy; it can also be a social one.(2)The tragic fate of Tess and her family was not that of an individual family, but it was symbolic of the disintegration of the English peasantry--- a process which had reached its final and tragic stage at the end of 19th centuryJames Joyce Araby P1711.What is the significance of the title of the story?1. Araby is “a splendid bazaar” where Mangan’s sister recommends the boy to go. Thereafter the boy’s imagination seizes upon the name Araby and invests its syllables with “an Eastern enchantment” in which his “soul luxuriates”2. Araby becomes a place where his soul can find the mystical beauty lacking in his own mundane Church.3. The boy feels a summons that has symbolic over-tones of a holy crusade.But when he arrives, Araby , the dream new world for the boy ,turned out to be “darkness” and “silence”. His idealized vision of Araby is destroyed, along with his idealized vision of Mangan’s sister, and of love.2.Chief qualities of the boy’s character?The boy is a natural character with which to begin a book because he possesses so many qualities attractive to readers. First, he is sensitive — sensitive enough to experience a wide range of feelings in spite of his tender age, including apparently contradictory combinations like fear and longing (at the end of the story's first paragraph), anger and puzzlement (while falling asleep), and, especially, "a sensation of freedom" in response to his mentor's passing that surprises him and us. "I found it strange," the narrator says, "that neither I nor the day seemed in a mourning mood."Second, he is intelligent — and not merely in the conventional sense of the word. Sure, he is brainy enough to absorb much of the arcane information shared with him by the priest. (It makes sense that he has grown into the articulate storyteller who shares the tale of Father Flynn's influence upon him.) But the protagonist of "The Sisters" also possesses an intuitive understanding of how other human beings feel, think, and act —emotional intelligence, you might call it.It is no surprise that a boy so sensitive, so intelligent, would find himself somewhat alienated from others — cut off, fundamentally, from his family and peers. He appears to lack altogether a connection with his uncle, much less Old Cotter, and it is said that he rarely plays "with young lads of his own age." Even when he is in the company of his aunt and the priest's sisters near story's end, the reader's main sense of the boy is that he is alone.The school boy, in the story 'Araby", is the narrator of the story. He has not yet attained majority and is by nature bashful. He lived alone with his auntie and uncle and knew a few play-mates with whom he played in the street. Mangan's sister was perhaps only girl who lived in his neighborhood. He started appreciating her figure and dress without actually realizing that he had grown to like her. Being preadolescent person he had not become conscious that such a passion is just natural and it does not call for apology or regrets.If he had expressed his noble feeling of love for the girl he might have been able to overcome his bashfulness. Once he hesitated in expressing his sentiments, he developed an inhibition with the result that he was never able to make his feelings known to her. He went worshipping her silently. By chance, she happened to talk to him, he felt confused and did not know how to express himself. His desire to visit Araby became an obsession for him and he made up his mind to go to the market at the earliest and bring a gift for her. The hour that he reached Araby, was not at all fit for purchasing something really worthwhile. He experienced a sort of bitterness even worse than defeat. Being a lonely person, he is in search of a kindred soul. But lacking self-confidence he is not able to win her, as any other person without inhibition could have done so easily.The boy in the story is so bashful and inept in his relation with Mangan's sister only. He was quite a sociable boy in his own way and was good at studies. His auntie and uncle never discovered any oddity about him. He certainly proved quite helpful when he accompanied his aunt on her shopping trips. After his missed venture with Araby he lost interest in his studies. His teacher stared feeling concerned about him. But he did not know the real reason for this lack of interest in his studies. He is a hardworking and responsible boy and is capable of changing his attitude in keeping with the changingconditions. His unrequited love has proved disappointing experience for him, but certainly it would have made him wiser and more practical in future.3.Is anything gained by the boy through his frustration and humiliation?The boy is initiated into knowledge through a loss of innocenceThe boy worships and desires Mangan’ssister , and Mangan’s sister is the light that contracts to the gloomy reality.But the quest ends when he arrives at the bazaar and realizes with slow, tortured clarity that Araby is not at all what he has imagined. He feels angry and betrayed and realizes his self-deception.The boy is initiated into knowledge through a loss of innocence and fully realizes the incompatibility between the beautiful and innocent world of the imagination and the very real world of fact. So the “quest” is not fruitless, becaus e it helps the narrator come to self-knowledge.D.H. LawrenceThe rocking-horse winnerDoes the house really whisper?No, it is not the house whispers.The expensive and splendid toys, the shining modern rocking horse and the smart doll’s house are the reflection of the parents’ vanity. This couple bought so many expensive things means that they want to have a life of nabobism and a nabobism life means that there must be more money.This phrase was used intentionally to emphasize the theme“greed”Does luck mean money? How do you define luck?No….Who kills Paul?It was the society killed Paul.The development of urban industrialism caused people only care money. At that time,people thought money is everything. So,in the novel, the house whispered and mom emphasized luck so many times. Paul wanted to get his mother’s attention by money which forced him to ride the rocking-horse again and again. Paul was ill and the whole society was ill too.Matthew Arnold Dover BeachForm•Preserves the structure of the Romantic Lyric (Descriptive-Meditative-Descriptive)•“Dover Beach” is a poem with the mournful tone of an elegy and the personal intensity ofa dramatic monologue. Because the meter and rhyme vary from line to line, the poem issaid to be in free verse—that is, it is unencumbered by the strictures of traditional versification. However, there is cadence in the poem, achieved through the following: •Parallel Structure•The tide is full, the moon lies fair (Stanza 1); So various, so beautiful, so new (Stanza 4);•Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light / Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain (Stanza 4)•Rhyming Words•to-night, light; fair, night-air; stand, land; bay, spray; fling, bring; begin, in (Stanza 1) •Words Suggesting Rhythm•draw back, return; Begin, and cease, then begin again (Stanza 1); turbid ebb and flow (Stanza 2)Figures of Speech•Alliteration:•to-night , tide; full, fair (Lines 1-2); gleams, gone; coast, cliff; long line; which the waves;folds, furled; to-night, tide; full, fair; gleams, gone; coast, cliff (Stanza 1) •Assonance: t ide, l ies;•Paradox and Hyperbole: grating roar of pebbles•Metaphor:•which the waves draw back, and fling (comparison of the waves to an intelligent entity that rejects that which it has captured)•turbid ebb and flow of human misery (comparison of human misery to the ebb and flow of the sea)•The Sea of Faith (comparison of faith to water making up an ocean)breath of the night-wind (comparison of the wind to a living thing)•Simile:•The Sea of Faith . . . lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled (use of like to compare the sea to a girdle)•the world, which seems / To lie before us like a land of dreams (use of like to compare the world to a land of dreams)•Anaphora:•So various, so beautiful, so new (repetition of so)nor love, nor light, / Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain (repetition of nor) ThemeArnold’s central message is this: Challenges to the validity of long-standing theological and moral precepts have shaken the faith of people in God and religion•Decay of orthodox religious beliefs•“Let us be true to one another”: Emphasizes personal connection•Subverts Romantic View of Nature•The underlying theme of the poem is the hollowness of human lives, how everything looks beautiful at face value but is far from it in reality•The superficial calm prevailing in the world is brought out.1.Humanity-----the sea2.Sea-----humanity’s religious faith(ebbing tide is to nature----- loss of faith is to humanity)3.Sea-----land of dreams。
参考 阅读教学大纲
《英语阅读》教学大纲一、总纲《英语阅读》是所有高校英语专业的专业技能必修课。
它通过系统的英语阅读课程教学，培养学生掌握正确的英语阅读方法，巩固和扩大学生的英语词汇量及各种形式的固定搭配（短语、成语、俚语、），增加学生的英语语言文化背景知识及相关学科的英语知识量（题材广泛的各类英语读物），使学生习得在信息时代通过英语快速获取相关信息的能力。
教学目标：在教学中重点培养学生的快速阅读能力、快速抓取内容要点的能力和提高对所阅读材料的理解程度。
并且继续强化学生已经习得的正确阅读方法，培养各种阅读技能。
如：掌握英文报纸标题的浏览，掌握用于报纸标题的英语缩略词语，注意分析英文报刊中新闻报道中首段或标题的主题意义，阅读报刊中的小说故事，了解英美的主要流行杂志，广告阅读，了解产品说明书等。
并且有针对性地讲解与教学内容有关的语法重点和难点，随时回答学生的各种问题。
学时分配：本教材上个四学期，共144学时，每周2学时，每学期36学时，一、二、三学期考试，第四学期考查。
教材：《英语阅读教程》刘乃银主编, 高等教育出版社主要参考书目：1.《英语阅读教程》韩志先等主编,, 高等教育出版社, 1989年5月第一版，2001年6月重印2．《新编英语阅读教程》王守仁杨敬清主编, 上海外语教育出版社，1996年8月第一版，2003年5月重印。
考核方式：一、二、三学期考试，第四学期考查。
二、主要内容及教学大纲要求绪论(1学时)主要内容；《英语阅读教程》系受教育部委托编写的材料，供高等学校英语专业一，二年级使用，亦适用于同等程度的英语自学者。
教材旨在提高学生英语阅读理解能力。
扩大词汇量，并且掌握基本的阅读技巧。
《英语阅读教程》全套共四册。
每册15个单元，按阅读教材的内容和难度进行编排。
每单元一般分为四部分。
第一部分为阅读课文及练习。
练习包括判断课文中心思想，阅读理解，课堂讨论题和词汇练习；第二部分为阅读技巧，重点介绍各种阅读技能，并配有相应的练习；第三部分为快速阅读练习，提供3篇短文，要求在规定的时间内完成；第四部分为课外阅读，提供和课文长度相当的语言材料，配有阅读理解和思考题。
英美文学作家作品汇总 精品
英国文学作家作品British Writers and WorksI. The Late Medieval AgesGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400① The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德② The House of Fame声誉之宫The Books of the Duchess悼公爵夫人II The Renaissance1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599①The Faerie Queene仙后The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历② Amoretti爱情小唱Epithalamion婚后曲Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林•克劳特回来了Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌2. Thomas More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535Utopia乌托邦3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626Advancement of Learning学术的推进Novum Organum新工具Essays随笔4. ben jonsonVolpone, or the fox5.Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616⑴ the first periodHenry IVRichard IIIThe Comedy Of ErrorsTitus AndronicusThe Taming Of The ShrewThe Two Gentlemen Of The VeronaLove’S Labour’S LostRomeo And Juliet罗密欧与朱利叶⑵ the second periodRichard IIA Midsummer Night’S DreamKing JohnMerchant Of Venice威尼斯商人Henry IV亨利四世Much Ado About NothingJulius Caesar尤利乌斯•凯撒As You Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth Night⑶ The Third PeriodHamlet哈姆莱特Othello奥赛罗King Lear李尔王Macbeth麦克白Antony And Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉Troilus And CressidaTimon Of Athens⑷ The Fourth PeriodPericlesCymbelineThe Winter’S TaleThe TempestHenry Viii⑸ Poetry:Venus And Adonis;The Rape Of Lucrece (Venus And Lucrece);The Passionate Pilgrim,The SonnetsIII The 17th Century1. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674① Paradise Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园Samson Agonistes力士参孙② Areopagitica论出版自由The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程The Life and Death of Mr Badman败德先生传3. John Dryden约翰•德莱顿1631~1700An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 论戏剧诗All for Love一切为了爱情Absalom and Achitophel押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔4. John Donne① Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子② Songs And SonnetsDevotions Upon Emergent OccasionsHoly SonnetsIV The 18th Century1. Alexander Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744①Essay on Criticism批评论The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记②Moral Essays道德论Essay on Man人论The Dunciad愚人记2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784①Dictionary =The Dictionary of English Language英语辞典The Lives of Great Poets诗人传② The Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望之虚幻London伦敦A Letter To His Patron3. James BoswellLife Of Johnson4.Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议The Battle of Books书战A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事The Drapper’s Letters一个麻布商的书信5. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Moll FlandersColonel JacqueCaptain singleton6. Samuel Richardson塞缪尔•理查逊1689~1761Pamela (Virtue Rewarded) 帕米拉Clarissa Harhowe7. Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754① novelsThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆•琼斯The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫•安德鲁The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生•威尔德Amelia爱米利亚② playsThe Historical Register for 1736一七三六年历史记事Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国8. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774① poemsThe Traveller旅游人The Deserted Village荒村② novelThe Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传③ playsThe Good Natured Man好心人She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱④ essaysThe Citizens of the World世界公民9. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816The Rivals情敌The School for Scandal造谣学校1o. William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827①Songs of Innocence天真之歌Songs of Experience经验之歌The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻②The Chimney SweeperLondonThe Tyger11. Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗John Anderson, My Jo约翰•安德生，我的爱人A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰Auld Long Syne往昔时光A Man’s a Man for A’That不管那一套My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上Bruce At BannockburnThe Tree Of LibertyV The Romantic Age1. William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集I Wondered Lonely As A CloudLines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern AbbeyWe Are Seven我们是七个The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女The Prelude2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔Kubla Khan忽必烈汗Frost at Night半夜冰霜Dejection, an Ode忧郁颂3. George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824①Don Juan唐•璜Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记Cain该隐②When We Two Parted当初我们俩分别She Walks In Beauty4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822①Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯Queen Mab麦步女王Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛The Cenci钦契一家The Masque of Anarchy,专制者的假面游行②Ode to the West Wind西风颂To a Skylark致云雀5. John Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂Ode to Autumn秋颂Ode On Melancholy6. Charles Lamb查尔斯•兰姆1775~1834The essays of eliot 伊利亚文集Old familiar faces 老面孔Dream children; a reverie 梦中儿女A dissertation upon toast pig 烤乳猪论7. Walter Scott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832Rob Roy 罗伯•罗伊Ivanhoe 艾凡赫The Lady of the Lake 湖上夫人Waverley 威弗利Guy Mannering 盖曼纳令VI The Victorian Age1. Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870Sketches by Boz波兹特写The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传Oliver Twist奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿）The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店Barnaby Rudge巴纳比•拉奇American Notes美国杂记Martin Chuzzlewit马丁•朱淑尔维特A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌The Chimes教堂钟声The Cricket on the Hearth灶上蟋蟀Dombey and Son董贝父子David Copperfield大卫•科波菲尔Bleak House荒凉山庄Hard Times艰难时世Little Dorrit小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities双城记Great Expectations远大前程Our Mutual Friend我们共同的朋友Edwin Drood艾德温•朱特2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863Vanity Fair名利场The History Of Pendennis潘登尼斯The Book Of SnobsThe History of Henry Esmond亨利•埃斯蒙德3. Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817Sense and Sensibility理智与情感Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见Emma爱玛Persuasion劝导4. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855Jane Eyre简•爱Shirley雪莉Professor教师5. Emily Bronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄Old Stoic6. Mrs. GaskellMary Barton7. George Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊Adam Bede亚当•比德Silas Marner织工马南Middlemarch米德尔马契8. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892In Memoriam悼念Break, Break, Break冲击、冲击、冲击Idylls of the King国王叙事诗9. Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889The Ring and the Book环与书Men and Women男男女女Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧故事及抒情诗Dramatic Personae登场人物My Last Dutchess 我已故的公爵夫人Pippa Passes 皮帕走过去Home Thoughts From Abroad10. Elizabeth Barrett Browning伊丽莎白•芭蕾特•白朗宁1806~1861Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗The Cry of the Children孩子们的哭声11. John Ruskin约翰•罗斯金1819~1900Modern Painters现代画家The Seven Lamps of Architecture建筑的七盏明灯12. William morrisNews From NowhereA Dream Of John Ball13. Robert Louis StevensonTreasure IslandKidnapped14. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900① 4 ComediesThe Importance Of Being Earnest认真的重要Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子A Woman Of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫② 1 TragedySolome 莎乐美③ NovelThe Picture Of Dorian Gray多利安•格雷的画像④ PoemsThe Grave Of KeatsDe Profundis 惨痛的呼声The Ballad Of Reading Gaol 累丁狱中歌⑤ Fairy StoriesThe Happy Prince And Other Tales快乐王子故事集VII 1900~1950 The 20th CenturyPart 1 all the writers1.Novelists (Realists)① Samuel Butler② George Meredith③ Herbert George Wells④ Rudyard Kipling⑤ Arnold Benett⑥ Joseph Concrad⑦ William Somerset Maugham⑧ Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)⑨ Thomas Hardy⑩ John Gasworthy2.Playwrights① John Millington Synge (J.M.Synge )②Sean O’Casey③ George Bernard Shaw④ Oscar Wilde3.Modernists⑴ 3 Novelists① James Joyce② David Herbert Lawrence③ Virgirnia Woolf⑵ 2 Poets① W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats )② T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )Part 2 Minor Novelists And Minor Dramatists1.Minor Novelists① Samuel ButlerThe Way Of All Flesh （众生之路）Erewhon （艾瑞洪）② George MeredithThe Egoist （利己主义者）③ Herbert George WellsThe Time Machine 时间机器④ Rudyard KiplingKim 基姆The Jungle Book 莽林丛书The Lost Legion 失去的军团⑤ Arnold BenettThe O ld Wives’ Tale 老妇谈The “Five Towns” Stories 五镇小说⑥ Joseph ConcradLord Jim 吉姆爷Heart Of Darkness 黑暗的心An Outpost Progress 文明的前哨Youth 青年人⑦ William Somerset MaughamOf Human Bondage 人性的枷锁⑧ Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)A Passage To India 印度之行Hawards End 霍华兹别墅2.Minor Dramatists① John Millington Synge (J.M.Synge )The Playboy Of The Western World 西方世界的花花公子Riders To The Sea 奔向大海的骑手②Sean O’CaseyThe Shadow Of A Gunman 枪手的影子Juno And Paycock 朱诺与孔雀I Knock At The Door 我敲门The Plough And Star 犁与星Part 31. Thomas Hardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928⑴ NovelsTess Of The D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝Jude The Obscure无名的裘德Under The Greenwood Tree绿荫下Far From The Madding Crowd远离尘嚣The Mayor Of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长A Pair Of Blue Eyes一双蓝眼睛The Trumpet Major号兵长Desperate Remedies非常手段The Hand Of Ethelberta艾塞尔伯塔的婚姻⑵ PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列国2. John Galsworthy约翰•高尔斯华绥1867~1933⑴ Novels① Two TrilogiesThe Man Of Property 有产者Three Novels In Chancery 进退维谷To Let 出租A The Forsyte Saga.The Indian Summer Of A ForsyteTwo InterludesAwakeningA Silent WooingTwo InterludesPassers- ByB. A Modern ComedyThe White Monkey 白猿Three Novels The Silver Spoon 银匙Swan Song 天鹅之歌②The End Of The Chapter一章的结束⑵ PlaysThe Silver Box 银盒子Strife 战争3. David Herbert Lawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930Sons And Lovers儿子与情人The Rainbow虹Women In Love恋爱中的女人Lady Chatterley’s Lover查特莱夫人的情人The White Peacock 白孔雀Kangaroo 袋鼠The Plumed Serpent 羽蛇The Rocking- Horse Winner 木马赢家Aron’S Rod 亚伦之杖4 . James Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941Ulysses尤利西斯A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man一个青年艺术家的肖像Finnegans Wake芬尼根的苏醒Dubliners都柏林人5. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941⑴ NovelsMrs Dalloway达洛维夫人The WindowTo The Lighthouse到灯塔去Time PassesThe Waves浪 The LighthouseThe Voyage Out 出航Night And Day 夜与日Jacob’s Room 雅各布的房间Orlando 奥兰朵The Years 岁月Between The Acts 幕间⑵ Critical EssaysModern Fiction 现代小说The Common Reader 普通读者Three Guineas 三个齑尼⑶ Short StoryThe New Dress6. William Butler Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939⑴ collections①The Wandering Of Oisin And Other Poems 漫游的奥辛及其他The Wind Among The Reeds 苇风Responsibilities 责任②The Wild Swans At Coole 库尔的野天鹅Michael Robartes And The Dancer 迈克尔.罗巴兹和舞者The Tower 塔The Winding Stair 旋转的楼梯⑵ PoemsEaster 1916The Second Coming 第二次来临/再世A Deep-Sworn VowSailing To Byzantium 到拜占庭航行Leda And The Swan 丽达与天鹅Crazy Jane 疯简⑶ PlaysThe Land Of Heart’S Desire 理想的国土The Hour Glass 时漏Dedidre 黛德尔⑷ BookA Vision 幻象7. Thomas Sterns Eliot⑴ Poems① The Waste Landa.The Burial Of The Dead 死者的葬仪b. A Game Of Chess 对翌c.The Fire Sermon 火诫d.Death By Water 水里的死亡e.What The Thunder Said 雷霆的话② Four Quartetsa.Burnt Nortonb.East Cokerc.The Dry Salvagesd.Little Gidding③ The Love Song Of J. Alfred PrufrockHollow Man 空心人Ash Wednesday 圣灰星期三Prelude 序曲⑵ PlaysMurder In The Cathedral 大教堂谋杀案The Family Reunion 家庭团聚The Cocktail Party 鸡尾酒会The Confidential Clerk 机要秘书The Rock 岩石Sweeny Agonistes 力士斯威尼⑶ Critical EssaysThe Sacred Wood 圣林Tradition And The Individual Talent 传统与个人天才The Use Of Poetry And The Use Of Criticism 诗歌的用途与评论的用途The Function Of Criticism 批评的功能8．George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950⑴ Plays① Plays UnpleasantMrs Warren’S Profession华伦夫人的职业Widowers’ Houses 鳏夫的房产② Plays PleasantCandidaArms And Man 武器与人The Man Of Destiny 左右命运的人③ Three Plays For PuritansThe Devil’S Disciple 魔鬼的门徒Caesar And Cleopatra④ Other PlaysMan And Superman 人与超人Major Barbara 巴巴拉少校Pygmalion 匹格玛利翁Heartbreak House 伤心之家The Apple Cart 苹果车Saint Joan 圣女贞德Too True To Be Good 真相毕露John Bull’S Other Island 英国佬的另一个岛Androcles And The Lion 安克斯和狮You Never Can Tell 你决不能讲⑵ NovelAn Unsocial Socialist⑶ EssaysThe Dictatorship Of The ProletariatThe Quintessence Of Ibsenism美国文学作家作品American Writers and WorksI. Puritanism ( 1 )Benjamin FranklinAutobiographyPoor Richard’s AlmanacII. Romanticism ( 9 )Washington IrvingThe Sketch BookA Rip Van WinkleThe Legend Of Sleepy HollowA History Of New YorkJames Fenimore CooperLeatherstocking TalesThe PioneersThe Last Of The MohicansThe PrairieThe PathfinderThe DeerslayerThe SpyRalph Waldo Emerson ( Transcendentalism )NatureThe PoetThe American ScholarHenry David Thoreau ( Transcendentalism )WaldenA Plea For John BrownNathaniel HawthorneThe Scarlet LetterThe House Of The Seven GablesMosses From An Old ManseThe Marble FaunTwice-Told TalesHerman MelvilleMoby DickOmooTypeeRedburnWhite JacketMardiPierreBilly BuddWalt WhitmanLeaves Of GrassSong Of MyselfOut Of The Cradle Endlessly RockingWhen Lilacs Last In The Dooryard Bloom’DDrum TapsI Sit And Look OutThere Was A Child Went ForthCrossing Brooklyn FerryDemocratic VistasPassage To IndiaProud Music Of The StormTo A Locomotive In WinterYears Of The ModernPioneers, O PioneersI Hear America SingingEmily DickinsonDeathMy Life Closed Twice Before Its CloseBecause I Could Not Stop For DeathDeath Is A Dialogue BetweenI Died For Beauty ---But Was ScarceI Heard A Fly Buzz---When I DiedLoveWild Nights! Wild Night!Mine – By The Right Of The White ElectionIf I May Have It When It’S DeadNatureA Bird Came Down The WalkA Narrow Fellow In The GrassI Taste A Liquor Never BrewedApparently With No SurpriseTell All The Truth But Tell It SlantSympathy With The PoorThe Beggar Lad Dies EarlyIf I Can Stop One Heart From BreakingWhen I Was Small A Woman DiedEdgar Allan Poe1.StoriesMs Found In A BottleThe Murders In The Rue MorgueThe Purloined LetterThe Gold BugTales Of The Grotesque And The ArabesqueThe Fall Of The House Of UsherThe Masque Of The Red DeathThe Cask Of AmontilladoLigeia2. PoemsThe RavenTo HelenSonnet –To ScienceAnnabel LeeThe City In The SeaThe BellsIII. Realism ( 3 )William Dean HowellsCriticism And FictionThe Rise Of Silas LaphamA Modern InstanceHenry JamesThe AmericanDaisy MillerThe Portrait Of A LadyThe Turn Of The ScrewThe AmbassadorsThe Wings Of The DoveThe Golden BowlThe Art Of FictionMark Twain ( Local Colorism )The Adventures Of Tom SawyerThe Adventures Of Huckleberry FinnLife On The MississippiThe Celebrated Jumping Frog Of Calaveras CountyThe Gilded AgeThe Man That Corrupted HadleyburgThe Mysterious StrangerInnocents AbroadRoughing ItPuddn’ Head WilsonThe Prince And The PauperTo The Person Sitting In The DarknessIV. Naturalism ( 5 )Stephen CraneNovelsMaggie: A Girl Of The StreetsThe Red Badge Of CourageThe Open BoatThe Blue HotelThe Bride Comes To The Yellow SkyPoemsWar Is KindThe Black Riders And Other LinesTheodore DreiserAn American TragedySister CarrieJennie GerhardtTrilogy Of DesireThe FinancierThe TitanThe StoicMinor NovelistsFrank NorrisMc TeagueThe OctopusThe PitJack LondonThe Call Of The WildMartin EdenWhite FangThe Sea WolfUpton SinclairThe JungleV. The 1920s1.Poets (4 )Ezra Pound ( Imagist )CantosIn A Station Of The MetroA PactWilliam Carlos Williams ( Imagist )PatersonThe Red WheelbarrowRobert FrostNorth Of BostonA Boy’S WillMountain IntervalNew HampshireWest-Running BrookA Further RangeA Witness TreeSteeplebushIn The ClearingA Masque Of ReasonA Masque Of MercyStopping By Woods On A Snowy EveningAfer Apple-PickingMending WallThe Road Not TakenDesignNothing Gold Can StayDepartmentalThe Most Of ItHome BurialThe FearA Servant To ServantsThe Black CottageThe Generation Of MenBirchesThe Wood PileFire And IceThe Death Of The Hired Man Carl SandburgChicago PoemsCornhuskersSmoke And SteelGood Morning, AmericaChicagoFogLostThe HarbourCool TombsA Am The People, The MobThe People, Yes2.NovelistsF. Scott FitzgeraldThe Great GatsbyTender Is The NightThe Beautiful And DamnedFlappers And PhilosophersThis Side Of ParadiseAll The Sad Young MenThe Last TycoonThe Crack-UpTales Of The Jazz AgeTaps At ReveilleThe Diamond As Big As The RitzThe Rich BoyErnest HemingwayThe Sun Also RisesA Farewell To ArmsFor Whom The Bell TollsThe Old Man And The SeaIn Our TimeTo Have And Have NotThe Fifth ColumnA Clean Well-Lighted PlaceThe UndefeatedIndian CampThe KillersBig Two-Hearted RiverThe Torrents Of SpringMen Without WomenWinner Take NothingDeath In The AfternoonGreen Hills Of AfricaAcross The River And Into The TreesA Movable FeastThree Stories And Ten PoemsIslands In The StreamWilliam FaulknerThe Sound And The FuryAbsalom, Absalom!Light In AugustGo Down, MosesAs I Lay DyingSartorisSanctuaryThe Marble FaunSoldier’s PayMosquitoesThese ThirteenRequiem For A NunIntruder In The DustThe Snopes TrilogyThe HamletThe TownThe MansionThe BearA Rose For EmilyBarn BurningA FableSherwood AndersonWinesburg, OhioThe Triumph Of The EggDeath In The WoodsHandsI Want To Know WhyPaper PillsMotherSinclair LewisMain StreetBabbittArrowsmithWilla CatherMy AntoniaO PioneersThomas WolfeLook Homeward, Angel3.DramatistsEugene O’NeillLong Day’S Journey Into NightThe Iceman ComethThe Hairy ApeEmperor JonesDesire Under The ElmsBeyond The HorizonAnna ChristieAll God’S Chillen Got WingsStrange InterludeMourning Becomes ElectraBound East For CardiffThe Great God BrownLazarus LaughedMarco MillionsAh, WildernessElmer RiceThe Adding MachineOn TrialStreet SceneDream GirlVI. The 1930s1.Novelists ( 2 )John Dos PassosU.S.A.The 42nd Parallel1919The Big MoneyDistrict Of ColumbiaThe Adventures Of A Young ManNumber OneThe Grand DesignThree SoldiersManhattan TransferThe Best TimesThe Head And The Heart Of Thomas JeffersonJohn SteinbeckThe Grapes Of The WrathOf Mice And MenIn Dubious BattleTortilla FlatThe Red PonyThe PearlThe Long ValleyTravels With CharleyCup Of GoldThe Pastures Of HeavenTo A God UnknownThe Moon Is DownThe Winter Of Our Discontent2.DramatistClifford OdetsWaiting For LeftyParadise LostAwake And SingTill The Day I DieGolden BoyThe Big KnifeVII. Black Writers (4 )Richard WrightNative SonUncle Tom’S Children: Four NovellasBlack BoyRalph EllisonInvisible ManJames BaldwinGo Tell It On The MountainAnother CountryTell Me How Long The Train Been GoneNotes Of A Native SonNobody Knows My NameThe Fire Next TimeToni MorrisonTar BabyBelovedThe Blue EyeSong Of SolomonOthersMargaret MitchellGone With The WindHarriet Beecher StoweUncle Tom’s CabinJean ToomerCaneFrederick DouglassMy Bondage And My FreedomAlex HaleyRootsLangston HughesSimple’S Uncle SamSimple Speaks Of His MindThe Negro Speaks Of RiversVIII. Modern WritersDramatists1.Eugene O’Neill2.Elmer Rice3.Clifford Odets4.Arthur MillerDeath Of A SalesmanAll My SonsThe CrucibleA View From The Bridge5.Tennessee WilliamsA Streetcar Named DesireThe Glass MenagerieCat On Hot Tin RoofSummer And SmokeNight Of IguanaThe Rose TattooThe Milk Train Doesn’T Stop Here Any More 6.Edward AlbeeWho’s Afraid Of Virginia WoolfThe American DreamThe Zoo StoryThe SandboxThe Death Of Bessie SmithA Delicate BalanceSeascapeTiny AliceBox-Mao-BoxNovelists1.Saul BellowDangling ManThe Adventures Of Augie MarchHenderson The Rain KingHerzogHumboldt’s Gift2.Norman MailerThe Executioner’S SongAn American DreamThe Naked And The Dead3.J.D. SalingerThe Catcher In The Rye4.Joseph HellerCatch-225.Allen Ginsburg (Poet )Howl。
浪漫主义时期名词解释（学习资料）
课外拓展（浪漫主义时期名词解释）1. Romanticism: It is a term applied to literary and artistic movements of the late18th and early19th century. It can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified classicism in general and late18th-century neoclassicism in particular. It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general. Inspired in part by the libertarian ideals of the French Revolution, the romantics believed in a return to nature and in the innate goodness of humans, as expressed by Jean Jacques Rousseau. They emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental. They also showed interest in the medieval, exotic, primitive, and nationalistic. Critics date English literary romanticism from the publication of William Wordsworth and S. T. Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads in1798 to the death of Sir Walter Scott and the passage of the first reform bill in the Parliament in1832.2. Ode:It is an elaborately formal lyric poem, often in the form of a lengthy ceremonious address to a person or abstract entity, always serious and elevated in tone. It aims at praising and glorifying an individual, commemorating an event, or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally. Odes originally were songs performed to the accompaniment of a musical instrument. There are two different classical models: Pindar’s Greek choral odes devoted to public praise of athletes (5thcenturyBC), and Horace’s more privately reflective odes in Latin (c.23~13BC). John Keats wrote many celebrated odes such as “Ode on a Grecian Urn” and “Ode to a Nightingale”(both1820).3. Byronic hero: It is a stereotyped character created by Byron. This kind of hero is usually a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers, he would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. He would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflict is usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions.4. Ottava rima:It is a form of verse stanza consisting of eight lines rhyming abababcc, usually employed for narrative verse but sometimes used in lyric poems. In its original Italian form (“eighth rhyme”), pioneered by Boccaccio in the14th century and perfected by Ariostointhe16th.It used hendecasyllables, but the English version uses iambic pentameters. It was introduced into English by Thomas Wyatt in the 16th century, and later used by Byron in Don Juan as well as by Keats, Shelley, and Yeats.5. Terza rima:It is a verse form consisting of a sequence of interlinked tercetsrhyming aba bcb cdc ded etc. Thus the second line of each tercet provides the rhyme for the first and third lines of the next, the sequence closes with one line (or in a few cases, two lines) rhyming with the middle line of the last tercet: yzy z (z). The form was invented by Dante Alighieri for his DivinaCommedia (c.1320), using the Italian hendecasyllabic line. It has been adopted by several poets in English pentameters, notably by P. B. Shelley in his “Ode to the West Wind”.6. Irony:It is a contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. Three kinds of irony are: (1) verbal irony, in which a writer or speaker says one thing and means something entirely different; (2) dramatic irony, in which a reader or an audience perceives something that a character in the story or play does not know; (3) irony of situation, in which the writer shows a discrepancy between the expected results of some action or situation and its actual results.7. Lyric:It is a poem, usually a short one that expresses a speaker’s personal thoughts or feelings. The elegy, ode, and sonnet are all forms of the lyric. As its Greek name indicates, a lyric was originally a poem sung to the accompaniment of a lyre, and lyrics to this day have retained a melodic quality. Lyrics may express a range of emotions and reflections. Robert Herrick’s “T o the Virgins, to Make Much of Time” reflects on the brevity of life and the need to live for the moment, while T. S. Eliot’s “Preludes” observes the sordidness and depression of modern life.8. Motif: It is a recurring feature (such as a name, an image, or a phrase) in a work of literature. A motif generally contributes in someway to the theme of a short story, novel, poem, or play. For example, a motif used by D. H. Lawrence in his story “The Rocking-Horse Winner” is the word luck. The main character of the story, a boy named Paul, discovers that he has the power to predict the winner in a horse race. However, this becomes an ironic kind of luck, for Paul grows obsessed with his power and is finally destroyed by it. At times, motif is used to refer to some commonly used plot or character type in literature. The “ugly duckling motif”refers to a plot that involves the transformation of a plain-looking person into a beauty. Two other commonly used motifs are the “Romeo and Juliet motif” (about doomed lovers) and the “Horatio Alger motif”(about the office clerk who becomes the corporation president).9. Theme:It is the general idea or insight about life that a writer wishes to express in literary work. All the elements of a literary work—plot, setting, characterization, and figurative language contribute to the development of its theme. A simple theme can often be stated in a single sentence. But sometimes a literary work is rich and complex, and a paragraph or even an essay is needed to state the theme. Not all literary works have a controlling theme. For example, the purpose of some simple ghost stories is to frighten the reader, and some detective stories seek only to thrill.10. Symbol:It is any object, person, place, or action that has a meaning initself and that also stands for something larger than itself, such as a quality, an attitude, a belief, or a value. A rose is often a symbol of love and beauty; a skull is often a symbol of death; spring and winter often symbolize youth and old age.11. Imagery: It is a rather vague critical term covering those uses of language in a literary work that evoke sense-impressions by literal or figurative reference to perceptible or “concrete” objects, scenes, actions, or states as distinct from the language of abstract argument or exposition. The imagery of a literary work thus comprises the set of images that it uses; these need not be mental “pictures” but may appeal to senses other than sight.12. Foil:It is a character whose qualities or actions serve to emphasize those of the protagonist (or of some other character) by providing a strong contrast with them. Thus in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, the passive obedience of Jane’s school-friend Helen Burns makes her a foil to the rebellious heroine. 13. Synaesthesia:It is a blending or confusion of different kinds of sense-impression, in which one type of sensation is referred to in terms more appropriate to another. Common synaesthetic expressions include the descriptions of colours as “loud” or “warm”, and of sounds as “smooth”. This effect was cultivated consciously by the French Symbolists, but is often found in earlier poetry, notably in Keats.14. Character:Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it—the dialogue—and from what they do—the action. The grounds in the characters’temperament, desires, and moral nature for their speech and actions are called their motivation. A character may remain essentially “stable”, or unchanged in outlook and disposition, from beginning to end of a work (Prospero in Shakespeare’s The T empest, Micawber in Charles Dickens’ David Copperfield, or may undergo a radical change, either through a gradual process of development (the title character in Jane Austen’s Emma) or as the result of a crisis (Shakespeare’s King Lear, Pip in Dickens’ Great Expectations).Whether a character remains stable or changes, the reader of a traditional and realistic work expects “consistency”—the character should not suddenly break off and act in a way not plausibly grounded in his or her temperament as we have already come to know it.15. Flat character: A flat character (also called a type, or “two-dimensional”) is built around “a single idea or quality”and is presented without much individualizing detail, and therefore can be fairly adequately described in a single phrase or sentence.16. Round character: A round character is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle particularity; such a character therefore is as difficult to describe with any adequacy as a person in real life, and like real persons, is capable of surprising us.17. Negative capacity: It is the phrase used by the English poet John Keats to describe the quality of self lesser captivity necessary to a true poet. By negative capability, Keats seems to have meant a poetic capacity to efface one’s own mental identity by immersing it sympathetically and spontaneously within the subject described, as Shakespeare was thought to have done.。
英语阅读课程教学大纲
英语阅读课程教学大纲课程编号：课程名称：英语阅读英文名称：Extensive Reading课程类型：专业基础必修课总学时：36×4 讲课学时：36×4 实验学时：学分：适用对象：英语专业本科生一、二年级先修课程：无一、课程性质、目的和任务阅读课是英语专业基础阶段教学的一门必修课，同时也是使学生大量接触英语读物和培养阅读能力的一门实践基础课。
英语阅读课的目的在于培养学生的英语阅读能力和提高学生的阅读速度；培养学生细致观察语言的能力以及假设判断、分析归纳、推理检验等逻辑思维能力；提高学生的阅读技能，包括略读、寻读、细读、评读等能力；并通过阅读训练帮助学生扩大词汇量，增强语感，不断积累各种语言知识，加深文化沉淀。
阅读课教学应注重阅读理解能力与提高阅读速度并重。
教材应选用题材广泛的阅读材料，以便向学生提供广泛的语言和文化素材，扩大学生的知识面，培养学生的阅读兴趣。
课外指定长篇简易读物和浅显原著，培养学生细致观察语言的能力，要求学生定期写读书报告。
阅读课教学中，要加强学生思维能力和创新能力的培养；要有意识地训练学生分析与综合、抽象与概括、多角度分析问题等多种思维能力以及发现问题、解决难题等创新能力；正确处理语言技能训练与创新能力培养的关系；并注重培养学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性，注重培养跨文化交际能力。
二、教学基本要求本课程重点讲述英语阅读的基本原理、阅读技巧和实践方法，侧重于英语学习者语言综合知识的运用。
因而，在本课程的教学过程中，必须使学生真正透彻地领会诸如阅读的过程、图式理论、构词法、猜词技巧、句子与句子的关系、话题与话题句、要旨、推理与判断、文体与风格等阅读理论内涵；要注重阅读理论与阅读实践的紧密结合，处理好阅读速度与理解之间的关系，避免知识的重复和脱节，从而使学生能够得到比较系统而全面的英语阅读基本技能。
三、教学内容及要求1、教材中阅读文章每学期30篇（其中课内指定阅读15篇，课后阅读15篇）。
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恋爱中的女人
《恋爱中的女人》
• 《恋爱中的女人》代表了劳伦斯小说创作的最 高成就。它以非凡的热情与深度探索了有关恋爱 的心理问题。 • 小说以两姐妹为主人公，描述了她们不同的 情感经历和恋爱体会。姐姐欧秀拉是一个温柔美 丽的中学教师；妹妹古迪兰则是一个小有名气、 恃才傲物的艺术家。古迪兰遇上了矿主的独生子 杰拉德，原始的欲望点燃了爱的激情，然而在狂 暴的激情过后，失望而痛苦的她与另一位艺术家 又陷入了爱的狂欢。欧秀拉与本区督学伯基相爱 了，她一心要让对方成为爱情的囚鸟，而对方却 希望在灵与肉的交融中保持彼此心灵上的距 离……
• 小说主人公保罗的父母莫瑞尔夫妇。他们两人是在一次舞 会上一见钟情，婚后也过了一段甜蜜、幸福的日子。但是， 两人由于出身不同，性格不合，精神追求迥异，在短暂的 激情过后，之间便产生了无休止的唇枪舌剑，丈夫甚至动 手。母亲出身于中产阶级，受过教育，对嫁给一个平凡的 矿工耿耿于怀，直到对丈夫完全绝望。于是，她把时间、 精力和全部精神希冀转移、倾注到儿子威廉和保罗身上。
Uint 11 The Rocking-Horse Winner
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Firstly，about the author
• 作者:(英)劳伦斯(Lawrence D.H.) • David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an important and controversial English writer of the 20th century, with his output spanning novels, short stories, poems, plays, essays, travel books, paintings, translations, literary criticism and personal letters. These works, taken together, represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation. In them, Lawrence confronts issues relating to emotional health and vitality, spontaneity, sexuality, and instinctive behaviour.
劳伦斯的情人弗丽达
• 作为２０世纪英国最有影响力小说家、 剧作家、诗人和心理学家，劳伦斯最 高创作成就的三部曲《虹》《恋爱中 的女人》《查泰莱夫人1915）
• 书中布朗温家族的第一代汤姆和丽迪亚的感情关系里， 可以隐约看到劳伦斯父母的影子。丽迪亚是波兰难民，原 本家境很好却遇人不淑。带着孩子下嫁给了小农场主汤姆。 汤姆对她爱慕又好奇，善良羞涩满怀温情。而她却像活在 另一个世界里，淡漠疏离，静静地履行着做妻子的义务， 如同冰凉的磁偶一样美丽无情。汤姆的感情受挫之后把关 爱转给了丽迪亚的女儿安娜，安娜也像所有怀着恋父情结 的孩子一样，希望取代母亲的地位。 • 成年的安娜怀着迷恋和激情嫁给了继父的侄子。这段 感情因为安娜怀孕做母亲而波折迭起。母性的强势和排他， 令做丈夫的自觉渺小无用，仿佛交配后被母螳螂吃掉的公 螳螂一样。这里可以看到劳伦斯和弗丽达的影子。弗丽达 与前夫离婚后一直不能见到自己的孩子，心情起起落落经 常使劳伦斯感觉同失宠的孩子一样受伤。
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《木马赢家》是劳伦斯较为著名的短篇小说之一，于 他的晚年创作而成，在他去世后的1933年才发表。故事探 讨了劳伦斯所关注的人与人之间的关系，从一个侧面反映 了西方工业社会中金钱对健康和谐的人际关系的扭曲。选 篇故事中的男孩保罗渴望母爱，但是母亲却不能感觉到爱， 因为对金钱的追求已经窒息了她的母爱的天性，使她丧失 了爱的能力。保罗从母亲眼中看不到爱，却能在家中听见 一个声音不断轻声低语：“一定要有更多的钱！一定要有 更多的钱！”为了讨母亲欢心，也为了让家里那个令人无 法忍受的声音停止下来，保罗骑上木马，让木马带他到一 个“幸运的”地方去，因为母亲告诉他好运可以带来金钱。 他发现自己在骑木马骑到疯狂的状态时，就能够预知将会 赢得下一场比赛的赛马的名字。他赢了很多钱，但是家里 的那个声音不仅没有消失，反而越来越大。保罗对赛马结 果的预见不再那么灵验，在做了最后一次预测之后，他从 木马上摔了下来，不久死去。在《木马赢家》中，对金钱 的追求扭曲了人世间最珍贵的母子亲情，母亲无法去爱儿 子，而儿子为了得到母爱，竟只能用钱去买。母亲因而不 再是爱的源泉，而成了造成儿子悲剧的根源。
（Lady Chatterley’s Lover 1928）
小另 说一 哦本 。很 有 影 响 力 的
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《儿子和情人》
• 《儿子与情人》视角独特，对人性中隐秘的“恋 母情结”有深刻、形象的挖掘。一般认为，小说 中的儿子保罗就是劳伦斯的化身，而莫雷尔太太 就是劳伦斯的母亲莉蒂娅，保罗的女友米丽安就 是劳伦斯的初恋情人杰茜。
钱劳 伯伦 斯斯 的 初 恋 女 友 杰 茜 .
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劳伦斯和母亲感情极深，仿佛是相互依 存生长的两棵植物，中间不再有空隙给第 三者插入。这份畸形的母爱的排他和残忍， 令他青梅竹马的初恋女友杰茜.钱伯斯非常 痛苦，并一直仅与劳伦斯保持纯洁的柏拉 图式的爱情关系，直至他们分手。
劳伦斯的未婚妻露伊.巴罗斯
After learning the novel , we are deeply aware of family more important than money.
• 提到Ｄ．Ｈ．劳伦斯，很多人的第一反应 是：禁书作家。无论是《查泰莱夫人的情 人》中直白露骨的性爱描写，还是《儿子 和情人》中对恋母情结反传统的坦率表述， 抑或是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》中关于 男女两性的肉体和精神冲突生动的刻画， 这些作品在社会中激起的强烈反响争议和 对当时文学艺术领域的冲击，都使得作者 走入大众关注的焦点，成为过去八十年英 国乃至世界文坛上长盛不衰的主题。
• 劳伦斯的情人--弗丽达出身德国贵族家庭， 这一族枝繁叶茂名人众多。她的姐姐、姐 夫是德国当时著名的社会学家，堂兄是一 战著名的王牌飞行员“红男爵”，家族成 员中有德国一战时的骑兵元帅和后来二战 时期的德国空军元帅。这样一位前贵族小 姐后教授夫人，竟然抛家弃子和一个矿工 的儿子私奔，这件事本身就足够浪漫传奇， 无怪乎劳伦斯会以她为原型创作《查泰莱 夫人的情人》。