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斯蒂芬斯皮尔伯格的简历

谢谢大家！
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每一次的加油，每一次的努力都是为了下一次更好的自己。20.11.2220.11.22Sunday, November 22, 2020
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天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来。15:40:2815:40:2815:4011/22/2020 3:40:28 PM
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安全象只弓，不拉它就松，要想保安全，常把弓弦绷。20.11.2215:40:2815:40Nov-2022-Nov-20
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安全象只弓，不拉它就松，要想保安全，常把弓弦绷。20.11.2215:40:2715:40Nov-2022-Nov-20
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得道多助失道寡助，掌控人心方位上。15:40:2715:40:2715:40Sunday, November 22, 2020
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安全在于心细，事故出在麻痹。20.11.2220.11.2215:40:2715:40:27November 22, 2020
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人生不是自发的自我发展，而是一长串机缘。事件和决定，这些机缘、事件和决定在它们实现的当时是取决于我们的意志的。2020年11月22日星期日3时40分27秒 Sunday, November 22, 2020
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感情上的亲密，发展友谊；钱财上的亲密，破坏友谊。20.11.222020年11月22日星期日 3时40分28秒20.11.22
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时间是人类发展的空间。2020年11月22日星期日3时 40分27秒15:40:2722 November 2020
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科学，你是国力的灵魂；同时又是社会发展的标志。下午3时40分 27秒下午3时40分15:40:2720.11.22

泰安市2009年11月12日暴雪天气过程分析

河北农业科学,2010,14(2):170-172J ou rnal ofH eb eiAgri cu lt u ral Sciences编辑索相敏泰安市2009年11月12日暴雪天气过程分析康桂红,崔兆韵,王兆华,陈彬(泰安市气象局,山东泰安 271000)摘要:2009年11月12日泰安市普降暴雪,范围大,强度强,降水比较均匀,阴雨天气持续时间长;积雪厚度深。

此次降雪主要受中支槽东移影响,沿海高压的阻滞作用造成降水时间长、强度大。

低层2支急流带来丰沛的水汽。

低层冷空气和前期持续升温为这次过程积蓄大量能量。

从物理量场来看,暴雪落区发生在正涡度区,强低空辐合、高空辐散区及700hPa 强上升速度区三者的重合区。

关键词:泰安;暴雪;形势分析中图分类号:P426163 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008-1631(2010)02-0170-03Analysis on Snowstor m Process i n Taian on November 12,2009KANG Gu-i hong ,CU I Zhao -yun ,WANG Zhao -hua ,CHEN B i n (T aianW eather Bureau ,Ta i an 271000,Ch i na)Abstract :Sno w stor m occurred i n T aian on N ove mber 12,2009i n a lar ge scale w ith str ong i ntensity ,unifor mprecipitation ,long duration of cloudy and rai ny w eat her and deep sno wdrift 1It was m ai nly i nfl ue nced by m i ddle branc htrough movi ng east war d and retar dation o f costal high pressure 1The lo w-level jet supported e nough water vapor 1The lo w-level cold a ir and conti nuous rising of te mperature supported enough e nergy 1A nalyzi ng fro m the physical para m eter fiel d ,the sno wstor m occ urred in the posit i ve vorticity area that was the overlay zone of strong lo w-level conver gence ,upper -level di vergence and 700hPa strong rising zone 1K ey words :T aian ;Sno w stor m;W eather situat i on analysis收稿日期:2010-02-05作者简介:康桂红(1967-),女,河北张北人,高级工程师,主要从事天气预报及气候预测评估工作。

ATF4研究

Molecular Cell,Vol.6,1099–1108,November,2000,Copyright ©2000by Cell PressRegulated Translation Initiation ControlsStress-Induced Gene Expression in Mammalian Cellssynthesis (athough the responsible kinase(s)have not yet been identified Brostrom and Brostrom,1998).Our present understanding of mammalian eIF2␣ki-Heather P.Harding,*Isabel Novoa,*Yuhong Zhang,*Huiqing Zeng,*Ron Wek,†Matthieu Schapira,*and David Ron*‡*Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicinenases emphasizes their role as stress-activated inhibi-tors of protein synthesis.In yeast,however,the single The Departments of Medicine,Cell Biology,and the Kaplan Cancer CentereIF2␣kinase,Gcn2p,can control not only rates of trans-lation initiation but also up-regulates a coordinately ex-New York University School of Medicine New York,New York 10016pressed set of genes involved in amino acid biosynthe-sis and metabolism (the so-called “general control”†Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine response (Hinnebusch,1994;Hinnebusch,1996).eIF2␣,phosphorylated on serine 51,is an essential intermedi-Indianapolis,Indiana 46202ate in this pathway for regulated gene expression.Phos-phorylated eIF2␣inhibits eIF2B,the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the eIF2complex and decreases Summaryassembly of 43S initiation complexes (Clemens,1996).Lowered level of 43S initiation complexes result in lower Protein kinases that phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2(eIF2␣)are activated rates of translation initiation on most mRNA and reduced synthesis of most proteins.The GCN4mRNA is an ex-in stressed cells and negatively regulate protein syn-thesis.Phenotypic analysis of targeted mutations in ception;under normal conditions this mRNA is very inef-ficiently translated but under conditions of limiting 43S murine cells reveals a novel role for eIF2␣kinases in regulating gene expression in the unfolded protein complex formation,initiation at the protein coding AUG of this mRNA paradoxically increases,resulting in in-response (UPR)and in amino acid starved cells.When activated by their cognate upstream stress signals,creased biosynthesis and accumulation of Gcn4p.Gcn4p is a transcription factor that binds to and acti-the mammalian eIF2kinases PERK and GCN2repress translation of most mRNAs but selectively increase vates the target genes of this pathway (Hinnebusch,1997).translation of Activating Transcription Factor 4(ATF4),resulting in the induction of the downstream gene The striking conservation in structure and function between mammalian and yeast eIF2␣and eIF2␣kinases CHOP (GADD153).This is the first example of a mam-malian signaling pathway homologous to the well (Hinnebusch,1994;de Haro et al.,1996),led us to ques-tion if the above mechanism for transcriptional activa-studied yeast general control response in which eIF2␣phosphorylation activates genes involved in amino tion of gene expression might also be conserved.We find that in addition to regulating protein synthesis rates,acid biosynthesis.Mammalian cells thus utilize an an-cient pathway to regulate gene expression in response mammalian eIF2␣kinases also participate in regulating stress-induced gene expression at the transcriptional to diverse stress signals.level.They do so by a translational mechanism related to that employed in the yeast general control response.IntroductionThis hitherto unrecognized mammalian pathway for reg-ulated gene expression is implicated in the cellular re-Mammalian cells have several different eIF2␣kinases that inhibit translation initiation and protein synthesis in sponse to malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticu-lum,in the response to amino acid starvation,and is response to specific stress signals.PKR activation by double-stranded RNA shuts down the hosts protein syn-likely activated by other upstream signals.thesis machinery,interfering with viral infections (Clem-ens and Elia,1997;Samuel et al.,1997).PERK (also Resultsknown as PEK)activation by malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)reduces the load on the The cellular response to unfolded proteins in the ER protein folding and degradation apparatus in the organ-(UPR)has two known functional components:inhibition elle (Harding et al.,1999;Harding et al.,2000;Sood et of protein synthesis and activation of gene expression.al.,2000a).HRI attenuates protein synthesis in heme-Two distinct signaling pathways mediated by IRE1␣&deficient erythroid precursors,matching hemoglobin ␤and ATF6have been implicated in activating gene synthesis with iron availability (Chen and London,1995).expression,whereas PERK was believed to be responsi-In cells deprived of nutrients,activation of mammalian ble for translational regulation in the UPR (reviewed in GCN2conserves scarce amino acids for use in essential Kaufman,1999).In the absence of PERK,cells experi-metabolic processes (Berlanga et al.,1999;Sood et al.,ence more ER stress and are hypersensitive to its lethal 2000b).The stress of toxins like arsenite,that are be-effects (Harding et al.,2000).In addition,IRE1␣is highly lieved to modify protein structure,results in high levels active in Perk-/-cells (Harding et al.,2000).We expected of eIF2␣phosphorylation and attenuation of proteintherefore that ER-stress responsive genes would be in-ducible in stressed Perk-/-cells.Surprisingly,the gene encoding the ER stress-inducible transcription factor ‡To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail:ron@).CHOP/GADD153(Wang et al.,1996;Wang et al.,1998b)Molecular Cell1100deprivation(Bruhat et al.,1997;Fawcett et al.,1999,andFigure1A).We noted that these inducers of CHOP alsopromote eIF2␣phosphorylation(Duncan and Hershey,1987;Scorsone et al.,1987;Brostrom and Brostrom,1998).CHOP induction in response to arsenite andamino acid deprivation was unimpaired in the Perk-/-cells,consistent with the observation that neither stimu-lus activates the PERK kinase(Harding et al.,1999,andFigure1B).The correlation between CHOP inductionand eIF2␣phosphorylation was further supported bythe observation that PERK is required for eIF2␣phos-phorylation specifically by ER stress(Harding et al.,2000),but not by amino acid starvation(Figure1C)orarsenite(Harding et al.,1999).Recently,a mammalian eIF2␣kinase similar in se-quence to yeast Gcn2p has been identified(Berlangaet al.,1999;Sood et al.,2000b).We hypothesized thatit might be responsible for CHOP activation in aminoacid starved cells.First we sought to determine if thekinase was specifically activated by nutritional cues.Weraised antisera to a phosphopeptide corresponding tothe activation loop of the murine GCN2and found thatthe kinase undergoes phosphorylation in its activationloop in cells deprived of leucine.This phosphorylationevent was specific to amino acid deprivation as it wasnot observed in cells undergoing ER stress or followingexposure to arsenite(Figure2A and data not shown).Phosphorylation of GCN2on the activation loop wasalso observed when CHO tsH1cells,bearing a temperaturesensitive mutation in leucyl-tRNA synthetase(Thomp-Figure1.PERK is required for CHOP gene expression during ER son et al.,1973),were switched to the non-permissive stress temperature(Figure2B)and when proline auxotrophic (A)Northern blot of RNA from Perk-/-and wild-type mouse embry-mutant CHO-K1cells were cultured in proline-free media onic stem cells treated with agents that promote ER stress:thapsi-(data not shown).These results suggest that like its gargin(Tg),tunicamycin(Tm)and dithiothreitol(DTT),or conditions yeast homologue,the trigger for mammalian GCN2acti-that induce CHOP without causing ER stress:arsenite(Ars)andvation is likely to be uncharged tRNAs(Wek et al.,1989). leucine deprivation(-Leu),or left untreated.The blot was hybridizedWe produced mouse embryonic stem cells with a tar-sequentially with radiolabeled CHOP,BiP and␤-Actin cDNA probes.geted mutation in GCN2.The mutation deletes an essen-(B)Immunoblot analysis of anti-PERK immunoprecipitates.The blotin the top panel was reacted with antiserum that detects both non-tial region of the kinase(amino acids606–648,Figure phosphorylated(inactive)PERK and the phosphorylated(activated)2C and2D)and produces no detectable mRNA(Figure form of the protein(P-PERK).The blot in the bottom panel was2E)or protein(Figure2F),indicating that it is a null allele.reacted with an antiserum directed against the phosphorylated,acti-Gcn2ϩ/-ES cells were converted to Gcn2-/-genotype vate form of the protein.The cells were treated as in(A).by culture at high concentration of G418.Phosphory-(C)Top panels,immunoblot with antiserum specific to eIF2␣phos-lated eIF2␣accumulated to wild-type levels in ER phorylated on serine51(P-eIF2␣).Bottom panels,immunoblot withstressed Gcn2-/-cells,but eIF2␣remained largely un-antiserum reactive with all forms of eIF2␣(total eIF2␣).Mouse em-bryonic stem(ES)cells with wild-type,or Perk-/-genotype were phosphorylated when these cells were deprived of leu-treated with200nM thapsigargin(Tg),deprived of leucine(-Leu)or cine(Figure3A).Wild-type cells phosphorylated eIF2␣left untreated for the indicated period of time.in response to both stressful challenges(Figure1C).Phosphorylated eIF2␣inhibits translation initiation,caus-ing dissociation of polyribosomes and accumulation of was not induced by ER stress in Perk-/-cells(Figure monoribosomes and ribosomal subunits in stressed cells 1A).The increase in BiP mRNA confirmed that the mu-(Clemens,1996).Analysis of ribosomal profiles revealed tant cells were able to mount a UPR(Figure1A),a con-that translation initiation was attenuated in thapsigargin-clusion that is further supported by the observation that treated Gcn2-/-cells,but remained abnormally elevated IRE1␣is activated by ER stress in the mutant cells(Har-when these cells were deprived of leucine(Figure3B). ding et al.,2000).Nonetheless BiP mRNA induction was These results indicate an essential role for GCN2in reproducibly attenuated in ER-stressed Perk-/-cells,eIF2␣phosphorylation and translation regulation specif-indicating that CHOP and BiP share upstream regula-ically in amino acid starved mammalian cells.tors.The residual activation of BiP mRNA by ER stress Next we examined the impact of defective eIF2␣phos-in Perk-/-cells suggests that other signaling pathways phorylation on downstream signaling in amino acid upstream of BiP are able to compensate for lack of Perk,starved cells.Gcn2-/-cells induced CHOP mRNA nor-whereas CHOP induction is highly Perk-dependent.mally in response to ER stress but no induction was The CHOP gene is also activated by other stressful observed in response to leucine-starvation(Figure3C). stimuli,such as exposure to arsenite and amino acidThese results indicate that GCN2specifically couplesEIF2␣kinases and regulated gene expression1101Figure2.Characterization of an induced mutation in the mouse Gcn2locus(A)Immunoblot of GCN2immunoprecipitated from H35rat hepatoma cells treated with tunicamycin(Tm),thapsigargin(Tg),deprived of leucine (-Leu)or left untreated for the indicated period of time.Immunoblots of the immunoprecipitated GCN2were probed with antisera reactive with all forms of GCN2(top panel)or with antisera to a phospho-threonine containing peptide from the activation loop of GCN2that recognizes only the activated form of the protein(bottom panel).The phosphorylated(activated)form of the GCN2(P-GCN2)migrates slower than the inactive form.(B)Immunoblot of GCN2immunoprecipitated from wild-type cells(CHO-K1)or a derivative mutant line(tsH1)that contains a temperature sensitive mutation in the leucyl-tRNA synthetase.Cells were left untreated or deprived of leucine at the permissive temperature(32ЊC)or shifted to the non-permissive temperature of39ЊC.Immunoblots were reacted with anti-GCN2sera or the anti-phospho-GCN2sera as in(A).(C)The region of the Gcn2locus targeted in the mutant allele.Exons are depicted by black boxes and introns by lines.The interrupted black boxes indicate that the sequence at exon-intron boundaries are not known.The arrows refer to oligonucleotides used to amplify the genomic DNA and validate the construction of the targeting vector.The boundaries of the5’and3’homology arms as well as the272base-pair replacement with the PGK-Neor cassette,are indicated.Numbering is according to residues in the mouse Gcn2cDNA(EMBL nucleotide accession AJ243533).(D)Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from wild-type,Gcn2ϩ/-and Gcn2-/-ES cells digested with XbaI and hybridized to the XbaI-NheI fragment shown in(A).The position of the hybridizing fragments of the wild-type and mutant alleles is indicated.(E)Northern blot analysis of5␮g Poly AϩRNA from wild-type and Gcn2-/-ES cells hybridized to the full-length GCN2and␤-Actin cDNAs.(F)Immunoblot analysis of immunoprecipitated GCN2and PERK from ES cells with the indicated genotypes.Molecular Cell1102Figure3.GCN2is required for eIF2␣phos-phorylation,translation control and CHOP ex-pression in amino acid starved cells(A)Immunoblot revealing eIF2␣phosphoryla-tion in Gcn2-/-cells.Top panel,immunoblotwith antiserum specific for eIF2␣phosphory-lated on serine51(P-eIF2␣).Bottom panel,immunoblot with antiserum reactive with allforms of eIF2␣in the cells(eIF2␣total).Cellswere treated with200nM thapsigargin(Tg),deprived of leucine(-Leu)or left untreated forthe indicated period of time as in Figure1C.(B)Polyribosome profiles(absorbence at254nm)in cell lysates fractionated by sucrosedensity ultracentrifugation.ES cells of the in-dicated genotype were treated with thapsi-gargin,deprived of leucine,both for30min,or remained untreated.The position of thepolyribosomes and ribosomal subunits is in-dicated.Note that the increase in ribosomalsubunits apparent in leucine starved wild-type cells is absent in the Gcn2-/-cells.(C)Northern blot analysis of wild-type andGcn2-/-ES cells treated for the indicated pe-riod of time with tunicamycin(Tm),thapsigar-gin(Tg)or deprived of leucine(-Leu).The blotwas sequentially hybridized to the CHOP,BiPand␤-Actin labeled cDNAs and exposed forautoradiography.nutritional stress to eIF2␣phosphorylation and activa-1993)and hypoxia,which induces eIF2␣phosphoryla-tion of CHOP gene expression.Together with experi-tion(Paschen and Doutheil,1999),increases ATF4pro-ment presented in Figure1,these results suggest a tein without a concomitant increase in mRNA(Yukawa correlation between eIF2␣phosphorylation and CHOPet al.,1999).Lastly,ATF4has recently been shown to gene activation.activate the CHOP promoter in vivo(Fawcett et al.,1999). In yeast,eIF2␣kinase-dependent activation of geneBoth ER stress and amino acid deprivation increased expression is a result of derepression of GCN4and pro-ATF4protein levels in wild-type cells(Figure4A).Thisincrease preceded CHOP accumulation,consistent with duction of the transcription factor Gcn4p(Hinnebusch,1996).The5Јuntranslated region of the constitutively ATF4’s role as an upstream activator of the CHOP pro-expressed GCN4mRNA contains several short up-moter.PERK was required for ATF4accumulation during stream open reading frames(uORFs).These are ar-ER stress,but proved dispensable in amino acid starved ranged in a configuration that favors repression of trans-cells,whereas GCN2was essential for induction by lation initiation at the protein coding AUG.Amino acid amino acid deprivation,but not by ER stress(Figure4A).The role of the two protein kinases in activating ATF4 starvation,activation of Gcn2p,eIF2␣phosphorylationand the attendant decrease in43S initiation complexes,thus correlated with their ability to phosphorylate eIF2␣. results in conditions favoring re-initiation at the proteinWild-type,Perk-/-and Gcn2-/-cells all had constitu-coding AUG and synthesis of Gcn4p in stressed yeast tively high levels of ATF4mRNA(Figure4C,5A and (Mueller and Hinnebusch,1986;Abastado et al.,1991;data not shown),suggesting that post-transcriptional Dever et al.,1992).To identify mammalian transcription mechanisms regulate ATF4expression during stress. factors that might be regulated by a similar translationalThis conclusion is supported by the observation that mechanism and that might activate CHOP,we con-actinomycin D treatment did not prevent the accumula-structed a database ofف7,000known transcription fac-tion of ATF4protein in ER-stressed or leucine-deprived tors and searched it for uORF-containing genes(Scha-cells(Figure4B).By contrast,both CHOP protein and pira et al.,2000).One of the genes identified,ActivatingmRNA accumulation were completely abolished by acti-Transcription Factor4(ATF4Hai et al.,1989),stood out nomycin D(Figure4C),consistent with an essential tran-as a good candidate.The uORFs in the ATF45ЈUTRscriptional step in CHOP induction.are conserved from mammals to invertebrates(Figure To confirm the role of ATF4in CHOP activation,we 5E).ATF4mRNA is ubiquitously expressed,whereas thetransfected Perk-/-cells with expression plasmids en-protein is present only at very low levels(Vallejo et al.,coding ATF4and the cell surface marker CD2and co-EIF2␣kinases and regulated gene expression1103Figure4.Post-transcriptional regulation ofATF4expression by eIF2␣kinases(A)Immunoblot analysis of ATF4and CHOPprotein content of wild-type and Perk-/-andGcn2-/-ES cells that had been treated withthapsigargin,placed in leucine-free medium(-Leu)or left untreated for the indicated pe-riod of time.The eIF2␣immunoblot serves asa loading marker.(B)Immunoblot of ATF4and CHOP in wild-type cells treated with200nM thapsigargin(left panels),or leucine deficient media(rightpanel)for the indicated period of time in thepresence or absence of the transcriptionalinhibitor actinomycin D(Act D,5␮g/ml added5min before treatment).(C)Northern blot analysis of ATF4and CHOPmRNA performed on cells treated as in(B).(D)and(E)Immunocytochemical detection ofendogenous CHOP protein in Perk-/-mouseembryonic fibroblasts.The cells were trans-fected with expression plasmids encodingwild-type or truncated ATF4protein(ATF4-mut,deleted in residues1-252)and co-expressinga cell surface marker CD2and stained for thepresence of CD2on the cell surface(green)and CHOP in the nucleus(red)using specificantisera.The5’untranslated region of ATF4was deleted from the wild-type and ATF4-mut cDNAs to insure expression of the pro-tein.The karyophilic dye H33218stains all thenuclei(blue).Cells were either treated withthapsigargin200nM for4hours or left un-treated.Note that endogenous CHOP is ab-sent from non-transfected Perk-/-cells butcan be induced by stress in the cells trans-fected with the wild-type ATF4expressingplasmid.stained the cells for endogenous CHOP and the CD2heavier ribosomal fractions,(toward the bottom of thegradient,Figure5A and5B),indicating that translation transfection marker.Wild-type ATF4protein restoredendogenous CHOP expression,whereas a mutant ATF4,of the mRNA is de-repressed in stressed cells.GCN4 lacking the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain,mRNA undergoes similar re-distribution to heavier ribo-failed to do so(Figure4D and4E).These results confirm somal fractions in amino acid starved yeast(Tzamarias ATF4’s ability to serve as an upstream activator ofet al.,1989).By contrast,the efficiently translated CHOP.Interestingly,we noted that CHOP induction was␤-Actin mRNA was associated with the heaviest polyri-dependent on stressing the ATF4-expressing Perk-/-bosomal fractions in unstressed cells,whereas under cells.This indicates a requirement for activity of other stress it shifted to lighter fractions(Figure5A and5B), stress pathways that function independently of eIF2␣reflecting the inhibition of translation initiation of most phosphorylation in CHOP induction.mRNAs when eIF2␣is phosphorylated.The divergenteffect of ER stress on the association of ATF4and To determine the basis for the post-transcriptionalstress-induced activation of ATF4,we examined the as-␤-Actin mRNA with ribosomes was dependent on PERK sociation of its mRNA with polyribosomes.Cell lysates(Figure5A),consistent with a requirement for eIF2␣were fractionated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifuga-phosphorylation in effecting this regulation.Not all tion and the content of ATF4and␤-Actin mRNA in indi-mRNAs with uORFs are similarly regulated.For example, vidual fractions was measured by Northern blot.In un-the NFE2L1mRNA,which has several uORFs,is associ-ated with the heavy polyribosomal fraction in unstressed stressed cells,a substantial portion of the ATF4mRNAwas associated with low molecular weight polyribo-cells and,like␤-Actin,shifts in position to lighter frac-somes and monoribosomes(toward the top of the gradi-tions in stressed cells(negative data not shown). ent,Figure5A and5B),indicating that under these condi-To determine if the above changes in mRNA-ribosome tions the mRNA is inefficiently translated.Within20mininteractions correlated with ATF4protein synthesis of the induction of ER stress,ATF4mRNA shifts to rates,we measured the latter by pulse-labeling withMolecular Cell1104Figure5.Stress induced,Perk-dependent association of ATF4mRNA with translating ribosomes(A)Northern blot analysis of ATF4and␤-Actin mRNA from individual fractions of sucrose gradients.Cells of wild-type or Perk-/-genotype were left untreated or exposed to200nM thapsigargin for the indicated period of time.In untreated cells,ATF4mRNA is found in lighter fractions than the efficiently translated␤-Actin mRNA.ER stress causes these mRNAs to move in opposite directions on the gradient.This is dependent on the activity of the eIF2␣kinase PERK.(B)Plot of the intensity of the hybridization signal in each fraction from the experiments shown in(A).Signal intensity is expressed as its contribution(in percentage points)to the total signal integrated across the entire gradient.Shown are the fractions from the untreated(dashed line,circles)and20min thapsigargin treated wild-type samples(solid line,squares).(C)In vivo metabolic pulse-labeling followed by immunoprecipitation of ATF4and BiP from untreated and thapsigargin treated cells of the indicated genotype.Where indicated,the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D(5␮g/ml)was added5min before thapsigargin treatment.(D)Luciferase activity of untreated and200nM thapsigargin-treated CHO-K1cells transfected with the indicated reporter plasmids driven by the thymidine-kinase minimal promoter.The reporter genes consist of translational fusions of the ATF45ЈUTR and the luciferase coding region.⌬uORF1lacks the entire ORF1sequence,whereas the AUG of uORF2was replaced with an AUA sequence in mut.AUG.uORF2.Shown are the mean and SEM of experiments performed in duplicate and reproduced three times on pools ofϾ500clones of CHO-K1cells,stably expressing each of the aforementioned plasmids.(E)Diagram comparing the uORFs in the ATF45ЈUTR of mouse(NM_009716),human(HSU03712),and aplysia(ACU40851).EIF2␣kinases and regulated gene expression 1105evolutionary conservation in the organization of thepathway.Despite these striking similarities in the control of ATF4and GCN4translation,we note a significant differ-ence in the role of the uORFs in both genes:Whereas deletion of uORF1leads to a strong decrease in Gcn2p protein synthesis (Mueller and Hinnebusch,1986),dele-tion of the first uORF in the ATF45ЈUTR increases initia-tion at the protein coding AUG.This important difference suggests that mechanisms other than translation re-initiation may play a role in the positive regulation of ATF4translation by eIF2␣phosphorylation.Possibilities include,leaky scanning,ribosome shunting,or internal Figure parison of genes in the yeast general control re-initiation at the protein coding AUG,and these remain sponse and the homologous mammalian stress response pathway to be addressed experimentally.described hereThe data presented do not exclude the formal possi-The mode by which each gene is regulated is indicted in parenthesis bility that in mammalian cells,PERK and GCN2regulate by the gene’s name.SUI2encodes the yeast eIF2␣.DOC s refer to ATF4translation by a mechanism that does not require genes downstream of CHOP (Wang et al.,1998a)and PEPCK refers eIF2␣phosphorylation.Mutations in the phosphoryla-to the gene encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpy-ruvate carboxykinase,activated by ATF4(Vallejo et al.,1993).HIS3tion site of eIF2␣inhibit GCN4mRNA translation in is representative of the genes activated by yeast Gcn4p and en-amino acid starved yeast (Williams et al.,1989;Dever codes an enzyme involved in histidine biosynthesis.et al.,1992).Given the conservation in other features of the yeast and mammalian pathways,and in particular the role of the uORFs in regulated expression of ATF4,we expect this dependence on eIF2␣phosphorylation 35S-methionine (Figure 5C).Incorporation of label into to be conserved as well.A role for eIF2␣phosphoryla-newly synthesized ATF4was low in unstressed cells tion in this pathway is directly supported by the observa-but increased (Ͼ4-fold)in response to ER stress.This tion that mouse fibroblasts bearing a homozygous increase was dependent on PERK activity and was not Ser 51→Ala mutation in their eIF2␣gene are also impaired blocked by actinomycin D.BiP synthesis,on the other in CHOP and BiP response to ER stress (Randy Kauf-hand,was strongly inhibited at this early point of the man,personal communication).stress response,highlighting the uniqueness of manner Yeast GCN4and mammalian ATF4both activate pro-by which ATF4mRNA is translationally-regulated.moters of genes involved in amino acid metabolism To examine more directly the role of the 5Јuntrans-(Hope and Struhl,1985;Vallejo et al.,1993),suggesting lated region in regulating ATF4expression,we mea-that conservation in this pathway is maintained to the sured the activity of reporter genes consisting of the level of some of its most downstream components.In thymidine kinase promoter driving different translational yeast,mutations in GCN4phenocopy mutations in more fusions between ATF45ЈUTR and the luciferase reporter upstream components,suggesting a linear pathway in stressed and unstressed cells.The translational fu-with few bifurcations (Hinnebusch,1997).Atf4-/-mice sions were constructed such that the initiation codon have been characterized only with respect to their most of the ATF4coding region replaced that of luciferase.conspicuous phenotype (an impairment in eye develop-Presence of the wild-type ATF45ЈUTR lowered basal ment Tanaka et al.,1998;Hettmann et al.,2000).In the expression of the reporter 500-fold and imposed on it future,comparison of the phenotype of Gcn2-/-with the positive regulation by ER stress.Mutating the AUG of Atf4-/-mice may provide clues on the existence of other uORF2to AUA restored basal expression of luciferase effectors,perhaps other transcription factors,working and abolished positive regulation by ER stress.Similar,alongside ATF4in the mammalian pathway.The ATF4though less dramatic effects,were observed by deleting target gene CHOP is itself a transcription factor that uORF1(Figure 5D).We conclude that the evolutionarily-controls expression of a set of stress-induced target conserved uORFs of ATF4(Figure 5E),like those of yeast genes.These may be involved in programmed cell death GCN4,play an important role in basal repression and or organ regeneration (Wang et al.,1998a;Zinszner et post-transcriptional activation of the gene.al.,1998;Sok et al.,1999).Genes like CHOP therefore provide a means of amplifying the signal initiated by Discussionactivation of the stress-induced eIF2␣kinases.Yeast have only one known upstream activator of These experiments reveal a pathway for regulating gene gene expression in the UPR,IRE1,whereas metazoans expression in mammalian cells that is homologous to have an additional known pathway mediated by ATF6the well-characterized yeast general control response (reviewed in Kaufman,1999;Mori,2000).The observa-to amino acid deprivation.Its components include,up-tion that PERK is required for CHOP induction during ER stream eIF2␣kinases activated by stress signals (PERK stress adds a third distinct pathway to the two already or GCN2);a transcription factor whose translation is known to regulate gene expression in the metazoan regulated in cis by uORFs (ATF4);and a downstream UPR.These pathways must have different roles in the target gene (CHOP )that is transcriptionally-activated by expression of target genes of the UPR.This is reflected ATF4.The components of the yeast and mammalian in the observation that CHOP expression is completely dependent on the activity of eIF2␣kinases,whereaspathways are compared in Figure 6,highlighting the。

Cover_Letter_Sample

C o v e r L e t t e r sCalvin TecherCalifornia Institute of Technology MSC 555(626) 395-6361 Pasadena, CA 91125caltecher@ November 11, 200XDr. Fine MannProject ManagerOhm R. Simson Inc.10 Upping StreetPasadena, CA 91125Dear Dr. Mann,(Never use “To Whom it May Concern” or “Dear Sir” or “Dear Madam”—always get a name of an actual person). If you simply cannot get a name (for instance, you are applying to a newspaper ad), then salutations such as “selection committee” will be the next best thing.In your opening paragraph, state how you learned about the position and give a brief introduction of yourselfand your background. Explain your interests that match the job description, and/or organization. Why doyou want to work there? Don’t mention your degree, graduation date or anything obvious that is already inyour resume. They will see that in your resume. The cover letter lets you expand upon your motivation,passion and career goals that may not be apparent in your resume.In your second paragraph (and third, if necessary) you should illustrate how your experiences (in school,work, and extracurricular activities) align with the job description. Be sure to reference specific skills and terminology that were stated in the job description. Y our task is to make it easy for the employer to see amatch between you and the job. Mention how your knowledge, skills and activities have prepared you for this kind of work and organization. Try to specifically align yourself with specifics of the organization and job.That will demonstrate that you have done your homework to know the organization and have carefully considered it for your next career move.In the closing paragraph express your appreciation to the reader and reinforce your eagerness to explore employment with them. Reiterate your contact information (even though you may have it as a header) and let them know you look forward to talking with them. Be proactive and give a date that you will contact them ifyou have not heard from them first (and BE SURE you contact them on that date).Sincerely,Cal TecherCalifornia Institute of Technology19。

Palau

PalauPalau FlagRepublic of Palau (Palauan: Beluu er a Belau), is the Pacific island nation, located 500 km east of the Philippine Islands. Palau's trusteeship from the United States in 1994 under the rule of independence. Major industries are fishing and tourism, the main religion is Christianity and the ancient Modekngei sects, 70% of the population is indigenous, the rest of the population is mainly Filipinos.Chinese name: PalauEnglish name: The Republic of PalauRespective continents: OceaniaCapital: Koror (Koror)National Day: October 1, 1994Country code: 680Official language: EnglishPopulation density: 17,225 people (1995)Main religion: ChristianityLand area: 493 km2IntroductionName: Republic of Palau (The Republic of Palau), Taiwan, Republic of Palau, said the code PW.Flag: a rectangle, length and width ratio of 8:5. The flag is blue, the center-left has a gold at the full moon, a symbol of national unity and an end to foreign rule. National Emblem: rounded. With local characteristics of the middle housing, the bottom engraved with "1981" character, that Constitution came into force in 1981, established the Republic of Palau (then of the Autonomous Republic). Circle below the words "Republic of Palau."Palau National EmblemPalauIndependence Day: October 1 (1994)Capital: Melekeok (Melekeok)Location: The land area of 458 square kilometers. In the Western Pacific, 700 miles south of Guam Department, is the Caroline Islands, is one of the Pacific gateway into Southeast Asia. By the more than 200 volcanic islands and atolls, located in the north to south and 640 kilometers of the sea, of which only 8 are permanent residents of the island. A tropical climate.Population: 2.1 million (2009). 70% of the population is indigenous ethnic States of Micronesia, and the remaining population, mostly Filipinos. General English. Christian. Population density: 45.10/km [1]Currency: U.S. dollars.HistoryPalau, formerly Palau, Palau.4000 years ago are inhabited.1710 discovered by the Spanish explorer, but until the late 18th century Europeans began to get involved in this area,Occupied by Spain in 1885,1898 Spain sold to Germany. Was occupied by Japan in World War I, World War to become Japan's mandate. During the Second World War by the United States captured. In 1947, the United Nations, the U.S. under its custody, and the Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia Pacific Islands Trust Territory constitute the four political entities. PalauIn 1969, the future political status of Palau started negotiations with the United States.May 1977, the Carter Administration announced the suspension of the custody agreement in 1981.Form a government in 1980, changed Ming Palao Republic. Local 1981 Constitution came into force.August 1982 with the United States signed the "Compact of Free Association." Under the treaty to end the trusteeship, the Palau the right to control domestic and foreign affairs, defense and security still the United States responsible. But the treaty in a referendum in the many, are all less than 75% of the required majority and was not passed.In the November 1993 referendum, held in the eighth pass.May 21, 1994 at the United Nations Trusteeship Council, 61st meeting, the representatives of Palau and the U.S. government announced that "Free Association" from the same year, with effect from 1 October.October 1, 1994, declared its independence the Republic of Palau.November 10, 1994, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 956, announced the end of the last trust territory of Palau's trusteeship.December 15, 1994, Palau became the first United Nations 185 Member States. Zoning9 of the country inhabited islands. Divided into 16 states (state), the states themselves constitutional. Palau also retained the chief legacy of the past system. October 1, 1994 end of the trusteeship, became an independent sovereign state, but still maintained a special relationship with the United States. In the same year in December, Palau joined the United Nations. In 1984, before the status of the 16 states as an autonomous town (municipality).State C2005.4.1 area rangeKayangel Kayangel 188 3 the northeast, including Kayangel IslandAimeliik Aimeliik 270 52 in 巴帕尔图阿普on the island of Babelthuap IslandAila Yi Airai 2,723 44Melekeok Melekeok 391 28Yarra de Ngaraard 581 36Faraday Mau Ngardmau 166 10埃雷姆伦维Ngaremlengui 317 47Yapang Ngatpang 464 65Enqiesaer Ngchesar 254 47Yaqie Long Ngerchelong 488 41Yi Val Ngiwal 223 26巴帕尔图阿普396 5,877 Total statesKoror Koror 12,676 18 Koror, Malakal Malakal, 阿拉卡贝桑Arakabesan,切尔巴切布Chelbacheb (Rock Islands Rock Islands), etc.Peleliu Peleliu 702 13 Peleliu IslandAngaur Angaur 320 8 Angaur IslandSongsuoluoer Sonsorol 100 3 Songsuoluoer, France is satisfied Fanna, Merrill Merir, general Anna Pulo Anna.哈托博海伊Hatohobei 44 3 the Southwest, including 哈托博海伊Reef Island and Helen (Helen's Reef)Rock Islands Rock Islands 0 47 no Islands, affiliated to the Koror StatePalau Palau 19,907 488PoliticsPalauJanuary 1981, the establishment of constitutional government of Palau. A presidential regime, the president and vice president elected by universal suffrage. State enforcement authority by the Minister and ministerial officials. The country into 16 states, the states own constitutional. Palau in the implementation of the presidential system, while also retaining the historical legacy of the system of chiefs, with a council of chiefs. Palau's paramount chief, said, "Irbesartan Toure (Ibedul), have at least equal to the president's popularity. Congress formed by the House and Senate.Palau president and cabinet organization for the state Supreme Head of State, every four years, elected by the people of Palau. The Government adopted a bicameral, called Olbiil Era Kelulau. Are participating (Senate), public (House of Delegates) houses, a total of nine senators, according to the proportion of constituencies by the Senate (Senatorial District) elected. A total of 16 Representatives, elected from 16 wards each one, members of both Houses for a term of 4 years, 2 November 2004 election, in January 1, 2005 inauguration. The current President of the Senate Johnny Reklai, House Speaker Augustine Mesebeluu. Incumbent President is Taorui Bin (Johnson Toribiong), in the year 2008, was elected in 2009, took office.Foreign AffairsCommitted to developing friendly relations with all countries, especially neighboring countries to strengthen cooperation with the Asia-Pacific, but not with the People's Republic of Palau established diplomatic relations, mainly because its has been working with Taiwan to maintain a so-called "diplomatic relations." Palau is a tourist country, the implementation of loose "ground sign" policy; Formal diving scuba diving license may apply for the permit, where the diving environment, many of the world where the dream of professional divers, accounting for seven in the world;PalauIf you live in the best resort in Palau, and select all the sea facing rooms, but also to try all the activities of the most unique, then the cost of air tickets + airport taxes + activity + accommodation + all meals + ≈ RMB tour tips 22,000 / person.Palau's economy is mainly agriculture and fishing. Main agricultural products as coconut, betel nut, sugar cane, pineapple and potato. Major export products are coconut oil, copra and handicrafts, the main imports of food and daily use products. Each year the United States imposed economic assistance to Palau. Palau is convenient in traffic road 23 km. Palau Airport is located in the territory of the southern tip of Babelthuap Island.2. Feipa Lao Beijing direct flights not only by way of Manila, and then sub-Fei Palao;3. The problem of convergence due to flight time, to take the Philippine Airlines do not need to drive one night's stay in Manila, by night you can turn in Manila to Palau by Continental Airlines; return trip required an overnight stay in Manila the next morning turn into a Philippine Airlines to return to Beijing;Edit this paragraphEconomyPalauTourism is the backbone of the economy, in addition to agriculture and fisheries. In the 2000-2001 financial year, a total of 50,000 foreigners to come to Palau about business or sightseeing. Government is its main employer, but the national economy is largely dependent on U.S. economic aid. Nevertheless, the per capita income in the Philippines and most countries of Micronesia twice. Palau's tourism market is inclined to attract more tourists from East Asia, and hope that foreign investment can help them build a more complete infrastructure.Edit this paragraphTrafficPalau total of three airports are located in the main island of Peleliu and An Jiaer island. Palau International Airport, which is the only international airport, located south of the main island, Aila Yi within the state.Edit this paragraphGeographyPalauPalau consists of a Great Barrier Reef, and numerous small islands and small barrier reef composition. The main island itself is actually constituted by a number of small reef, the larger a Anjia Er, Babeldaob (Babelthuap), Koror, Peleliu.Two-thirds of the national population living in the capital, Koror. North of the main island group, is Ngeruangel and Kayangel. West of the main island is the Rock Islands, uninhabited. Southwest from the main island group about 600 kmsouthwest of Islands, is a part of Palau.The following is the distance between Palau and other areas:Hawaii: 7,200 milesCalifornia: 11,200 kmAustralia: 4,000 kmChina Taiwan: 1,600 milesJapan: 4,000 kmPhilippines: 880 kmNew Guinea: 650 kmEdit this paragraphCulture and EducationEducation: In 1998, a total of 25 primary schools, 2398 students were in school. 6 secondary schools, students in 1162 people. Another 900 students enrolled in private schools. A tertiary one (Palau Community College, Palau Community College), 332 students at the school.Press: The main newspapers are the official magazine "Palau Report" (Palau Gazette), the private biweekly newspaper Tia Belau and the background of the weekly newspaper of the Philippines Palau Horizon.PalauThere are two radio stations (1998). Satellite earth stations and cable stations, can receive CNN (CNN) and other programs.The world, one of the countries lack most girlsSex ratio of the whole world is very close to 1:1, but specific to each country, the varied widely. Women the world's most countries are Qatar, the lack of male to female ratio is 1.9:1 (men than women Jiucheng), the missing man's country is Latvia, male to female ratio was 0.85:1 (women than men in nearly 18%) of each Gender differences in the proportion of state, often in some ways reflects the country's customs, culture, history and other factors. Here are the sex ratio is assumed that the number of women in the case of 1, corresponding to the number of men (more than 1, indicating that more men than women, less than 1, said women than men), sources of data for the United States nationmaster site published data. Lead to a country more male than female may be caused by:1, the patriarchal concept of serious, leading to the phenomenon of female serious abandonment of female infants, girls and baby girls and boys below the survival rate;2, heavy industry, to attract young workers into the large number of foreign men; 3, the young population;4, male and female life expectancy Life expectancy is close, even higher than female life expectancy;5, a number of Asian countries in recent years, the use of B-or other technology to do sex of the fetus, then the phenomenon of selective abortion of female fetuses, such as not to stop, there will be a heavy degree of gender imbalance.Edit this paragraphExternal RelationsCommitted to working with all countriesPalauHouse development of friendly relations, in particular to strengthen cooperation with the Asia-Pacific neighbors. Pa is for the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, International Bank for Reconstruction Commission, the South Pacific Forum, the Pacific Community and the World Health Organization members. So far, Palau has established diplomatic relations with 25 countries. Relations with China: China has no diplomatic relations with Palau.September 1996, the capital of K-B Bridge Pa collapse, the Chinese Red Cross donated $ 50,000 to the Par. Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Liaoning Province, and other par with economic and technical cooperation with the relationship. October 1999 Palau South Pacific Forum hosted its thirtieth session, Kunio Nakamura, president met after attending the dialogue session with representatives of the Chinese Government, Vice Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi. According to Chinese Customs statistics, in 2001, the total bilateral trade of 163 Pa million, all Chinese exports.December 29, 1999, Palau and Taiwan "diplomatic ties", Taiwan in March 2000 in Pago a "mission." Station in Pago with "Republic of China Cultural Exchange Association economy and society." May 18, 1996, formally established in Taiwan, Pa "honorary consulates." Pago platform in 1999 was approximately $ 12,702,000 trade.PalauRelations with the United States: "Pamela Free Association" at the October 1, 1994 remain in force for 15 years. Under the treaty, Pa are internal affairs, foreign ownership, the United States is responsible for its defense and strategic security issues, and has the exclusive right to use the waterway Pa. To this end, the U.S. entry into force of the treaty in the form of rent for 15 years to provide$ 627,000,000 par assistance. Relations with Japan: Pago in February 1999 and sent an embassy in Japan has permanent ambassador. Year in March, in building at par. July 1999, Pago President visit to Japan.Relationship with Australia: May 1999, Australia provided $ 40,000 to par, aid build a secondary school. July, Australia provided $ 130,000 funding Pa Thirtieth South Pacific Forum held in Council.Relationship with the Philippines: Philippine Embassy in Pa with a resident ambassador and sent. Pago currently engaged in temporary work of foreigners mainly from the Philippines.Edit this paragraphCapital IntroductionThe capital of the Pacific island of PalauPalau, Located in Koror Island, located at latitude 7 ° 20 ', longitude 134 ° 30'. Land area of 7.8 square kilometers. Population 7,200. Hospitality of the people canspeak English, the dollar is the currency in circulation, fish and other marine resources are very rich, is superficial and diving paradise.According to the 2004 census, the resident population of about 11,200 people Koror, Koror province which belongs to the population is about 14,000, accounting for 90% of the total population.Koror is not the industrial city, so all food, daily necessities be imported from abroad. Economy is mainly supported by the tourism industry, to meet the world's passenger traffic, according to the adjacent provinces within Ai (Airai) the 巴贝达奥普(Babeldaob) equipped with Koror International Airport.Koror itself as an island, it has a bridge connecting the nearby towns, such as the airport is located in the 巴贝达奥普, Malakal Island (Malakal Island) and 安格利奇比桑Island (Ngerekebesang Island).However, the present capital of the Republic of Palau Koror, but the intention in the future capital of the United States moved to a more appropriate niche Oak (Melekeok).Edit this paragraphLocal characteristicsPalau is a very strange place, waterPalauSurface waves is always calm, but it is where the formation of typhoons. Local TV station issued a typhoon forecast, there is always such a sentence "At present, the formation of certain ocean east of the Philippines typhoon is moving west, is expected to be landed in a place some time ... ...", the "ocean east of the Philippines" that is, including Palau, including the region.Palau is famous not only undersea landscape, marine scientists are recognized as the head of the World Seven wonders of the sea, the sea view is equally impressive.It is the water a total of 7 different colors, so that each met its visitors amazed. The reason is due to clear water pollution in Palau and its peculiar shape undersea landscapes, while reef is black, while a colorful hard and soft corals, or thin gravel, and volcanic ash deposited in ancient times, this Everything is reflected on the clear waters of the sea without reservation, so there is this seductive colors. It is said that many of the world advertising companies have chosen to come here to shoot commercials.PalauLong Beach, rainbow, white corridorsLong Beach is a lens often appear in various types of advertising spots. Was called "Long Beach" because about two kilometers in the two adjacent islands, the formation of a white sand along the wide corridor. At high tide, it is hidden in the sea, presents a broadband light green waters; tide hours, it becomes a white land corridor, you can walk from one island to another island. Approaching, Long Beach, blowing momentum that beautiful, wide Yang Mianshang blue, green island between the two lonely, a beautiful rainbow on the white arc across. Thestrong afternoon sun on the equator, so dazzling white sand, it is not addressed. The sea swallowed the sun seems sharp, deep open their mind, was completely blue, blue was clean, so blue air, blue was not a shred of cowardice.Edit this paragraphScenicWonderful Jellyfish LakePalau is famous not only undersea landscape, marine scientists are recognized as the head of the World Seven wonders of the sea, the sea view is equally impressive.It is the water a total of 7 different colors, so that each met its visitors amazed. The reason is due to clear water pollution in Palau and its peculiar shape undersea landscapes, while reef is black, while a colorful hard and soft corals, or thin gravel, and volcanic ash deposited in ancient times, this Everything is reflected on the clear waters of the sea without reservation, so there is this seductive colors. It is said that many of the world advertising companies have chosen to come here to shoot commercials.PalauJellyfish Jellyfish Lake has a unique non-toxicPalau Jellyfish Lake is one of the most unique attractions. Tens of thousands of years ago, the jellyfish lake was part of the sea, due to crustal movement, the seabed around the rise, gradually cut off from it with the open sea, forming a seemingly ordinary inland saltwater lake. It is not common is that most of the lake, marine life die out along with the consumption of nutrients, leaving only a low, and by a small amount of micro-organisms can survive in the marine life - jellyfish. Since the disappearance of their natural enemies, these jellyfish "lost" the ancestors of the weapons to defend itself - the body of toxins. Thus, Palau Jellyfish Lake has the world's only non-toxic jellyfish.Non-toxic jellyfish is herbivorous, mainly secreted by algae living nutrients, so exudes a touch of orange jellyfish Guangmang, lake fish have large silver and transparent surface of the moon jellyfish, all mild non-toxic.Here, as elsewhere, tourists do not see jellyfish in the sea turned to flee when, to avoid being stung, but can hold their camera and play.Edit this paragraphUnusual transactionsWomen money (also known as UdoudraBelau) exchange in the history of human goods is a strange thing, the people on the islands of Palau are even more different in terms of meaning. These are strung together a bunch of money is usually the woman used any birth, death, marriage, and even then build a new house and on top of traditional practices relating to the election. This strange way of doing business in Palau has been practiced for centuries, the British fleet at sea captain Henry Wilson (CaptainHenryWilson) is in the history of the first people recorded it, the British conquered Also in Palau in 1783. Palau who owned a complex social system to the corresponding exchange of this strange habit. Who does not know as a woman beaded What time when money is, who passed RupaLao's.Germany in 1899 to 1914 will first form of currency to the German mark with the Rupa Lao, but they still retain the traditional woman money. Then the Japanese from 1914 to 1944 yen again the introduction of Palau; this point, all the German mark was replaced by the yen. In the history of Palau, the yen became the first traditional exchange behavior of a currency intervention has become a woman other than money, an alternative. After World War II, U.S. turn the yen Instead, Palau, who has been using to this day.Local elders in the era of Japanese rule, was losing its power of ascent, and later to regain control of traditions and customs, a woman so much alive again. Palau in today's society, women money and can not be used to buy things, but it is extremely important traditions and customs of the protagonist. The eyes of a woman in Palau money value does not decrease over time.PalauAlthough in modern society, many young people of Palau do not know the type of woman with the name of money, but they are very important to understand women and the social value of money. If you put a gold necklace and a string of precious money to put a woman in front of a woman in Palau, Palau, most women would choose a woman money. Palau, in terms of a woman, wearing a string around the neck of money demonstrates that she is a woman from a wealthy family or marry a rich man, said she was paying attention to this family, the woman wearing only her money rights. Women often wear a single black woman living in string string of money; but when there are important occasions, they will be wearing a whole string of the woman money, called 』『Iek. Do not take the gold in front of Palau, money, compared with women, as may be locals (especially older people) as the shabby, vulgar.Unmarried girls can take their parents money to wear a woman; married women usually wear a woman her husband's money, or a woman to lend her husband money. Women can also have their own money, a woman, usually inherited her family's or husband's death left. The older women and most will have a large family of a significant number of women money.Most important woman in the most valuable chunk of money to some of the yellow bracelets, called 』『BachelBerrak. This yellow bracelet is a piece from the original block of stone to be cut down and perforation, and then pieces them into a chain, it is most valuable as a woman money.When faced with special needs emergency money, Palau people will sell their own money in exchange for U.S. women; a large and has a rich history of the woman the money can be sold for 3 million dollars. But it will lose some value if it is sold in an emergency, and only in the traditional exchange of behavior will achieve this price.In Palau, there are many legal proceedings on the woman the money, it shows the importance of people of Palau. If a person Palau is an entire family of a woman sold to someone else money, or women in divorce, a woman after her husband refused to return the money, the woman owner of the money they cantake legal action.The complete collection of sometimes a woman money in a family. Los Idid island can then have a collection of family; money in 1966, specializing in women photographers DouglasOsborne will have the money for this series of photographs over a woman. At that time the elders have these women had sold some of the money out, but also with others of different women exchanged the money, but now the money these women are called Idid money. Palau does not like people very much money to show their women, traditional practices also prohibit people from place to see or touch another woman in a family of money; the same time people do not want people of Palau found that few women own money.Palau as the woman the money had been used antique and stop for a very long time. Women for many years because the money will disappear because people hid them or burned and sprinkled it around the house. Part of the woman the money because the holder of a fire or sudden death disappeared. Palau had the money originally had the number of women have not ascertained the number of currently circulating same applies enigmatic nobody knows.For many centuries, people have tried to Palau stone and ceramics to copy the woman money, but counterfeit goods and the authenticity of the real thing very easy to identify. Many businessmen also understand the value of money a woman like the rest of the coins after the introduction of Palau, but this kind of money has never been recognized by people of Palau, although they will also be included in such coin collection.The first occurred in 1900, counterfeit goods, when money is by foreigners, many women made of glass bottles. These very similar with the real thing Cheldoech money is blue or green woman, and is transparent. Cheldoech woman money in 1920 would not be loved and totally not in circulation, there are still many women who wear this money, there are many collections it; now Cheldoech woman has become the antique collection of money was.In the past 6 years, Palau began to introduce other Asian countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines, new varieties of a woman money. The woman with the Palau precious money similar to the original foreign woman the money is in these countries, the ancient ruins of the century, found in the tomb. Antique dealers in these areas that the people of Palau in recent years many women had their money back to Palau to buy these, perhaps the money these foreign women had long been in circulation. Most of the local antiquities is illegal mining, the local population only for the money at the same time with the woman of gold and porcelain unearthed interest. Most of these sites is determined by monitoring 500 BC to AD 500 years after the tomb was unearthed cultural relics are not locally made, we all believe that these precious relics from China or Egypt, pass them. Many women hold the money in this category are the elderly people of Palau disappointed because the money these women are not unique in Palau; these women 』『money though the new materials and similar to the source with the real thing, but not with the historical background and the name of Palau, and therefore it can not be used in the market.As Palau is one of the women's secret money, so even the local people of Palaufor the existing number of women do not quite understand the money; the elderly can only recognize certain kinds of women a unique form of money. Palau hard to put all the money the women one by one as lists, especially the introduction of new varieties 』『of foreign money after the woman. All of the people of Palau have vowed that their must be genuine, not to mention the money these women are really looks like. Slowly, the woman outside of time and money will be worth as extraordinary, but also gradually being accepted by Palau, because at least they are not counterfeit goods, and that there may be a woman with money from Palau to the real thing the same origin.Palau genuine money every woman has the name of a color, shape, name, and the individual's name, many women have the same money, the individual names. Money is the name of a woman by its style, size, and workmanship to decide. Edit this paragraphTips1, no direct Feipa Lao Beijing flight, only by way of Manila, and then sub-Fei Palao; 2, the flight time of convergence problem and needs to stay one night in Manila, the next morning and take a plane to Palau;'d also like to visit friends in Manila can be more night, one time for use during the day in urban Manila tourism;3, the Palau is a tourist country, the implementation of loose "ground sign" policy; 4, there is a formal diving scuba diving license may apply for the permit, where the diving environment, many of the world where the dream of professional divers, accounting for seven in the world;5, if you live in the best resort in Palau, and select all the sea facing rooms, but also to try all the activities of the most unique, then the cost of air tickets + airport taxes + activities + all meals + accommodation + tips guide ≈ RMB 22,000 / person.Travel GuideAccording to ancient legends of Palau, Palau is a greedy little boy loves to sleep - Yul (Uab) body formation. Legend Yul amazing appetite, irritability, and the village every day to supply his food, but with your need for excessive Zuber, the villagers forced the decision to kill, so while he was asleep when the tied up and around the ignition, awakened Youbobei hard struggle, the final body fragmentation, so the formation of today's Palau Islands.Fruit flavorSulfur produced fruits are coconut, banana, watermelon, papaya. * Coconut tree beside the road you can see normally, but rarely see someone in the sale of coconut, as the locals that want to eat to pick, do not need to buy. * Palau banana is very sweet and delicious, quite special way to eat is fried. * Watermelon is Taiwan's agricultural mission in Palau was established ten years ago, experimental farms, cultivation of fruits and vegetables help people of Palau, and now can eat delicious, juicy watermelon.Palau system of man HallPalau Island Hall on behalf of building a man. In this matriarchal society of the country, in addition to hereditary as a national symbol of Her Majesty the Queen, participation in politics is to do to the man, and man to man in the hall to discuss "world" events (good small "world" ah), while who will discuss world affairs, to。

PowerWeld ER70S-2、ER70S-3、ER70S-6电焊线和筋 Product Saf

S AFETY D ATA S HEETSection 1: Product and Company IdentificationProduct Identifier:PowerWeld ER70S-2, ER70S-3, ER70S-6 Welding Wire and RodProduct Use:GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) and GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) Item Code:S2__ / S3__ / S6__Supplier Name:PowerWeld Inc.Supplier Address:2501 Beech StreetValparaiso, IN 46383Supplier Web Address:Supplier Phone: 219-462-87001-800-826-9073Emergency Phone:CHEMTREC (24 hour) 1-800-424-9300Prepared By:PowerWeld Inc.Preparation Date:24 November 2015Section 2: Hazard IdentificationClassification:Not classifiedLabel Elements: Not applicableOther Hazards: Arc rays can injure eyes and burn skin. Welding arc and sparks can ignitecombustibles and flammable materials. Overexposure to welding fumes andgases can be hazardous. The welding fumes produced from this weldingelectrode may contain the following: Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide,Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone, Manganese, Nickel.Section 3: Composition/Information on Hazardous IngredientsHAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS CAS NUMBERAPPROXIMATE CONCENTRATION (%)Iron (Fe) 7439-89-6 96 (Balance)Carbon (C) 7440-44-0 < 0.5Manganese (Mn) 7439-96-5 1.0 – 2.0Silicon (Si) 7440-21-3 0.5 – 1.2Copper (Cu) 7440-50-8 < 0.5Phosphorus (P) 7723-14-0 < 0.025Sulfur (S) 7704-34-9 < 0.035Chromium (Cr) 7440-47-3 < 0.150Nickel (Ni) 7440-02-0 < 0.150Molybdenum (Mo) 7439-98-7 < 0.150Vanadium (V) 7440-62-2 < 0.030PLEASE NOTE: Hazard only appears as fumeSection 4: First-aid MeasuresInhalation:Inhalation may be the most common cause of overexposure due to thewelding fumes. Large amounts of welding fumes will cause irritation of thenose, eyes and skin. Move from the area that has any fumes to fresh air. If 8587289breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respirationand transport to nearest medical facility for additional treatment.Ingestion:Not an expected route of exposure. Rinse month completely and drink a cupof water if conscious; obtain medical assistance when needed.Eye Contact:If arc flash or burns occur, obtain medical assistance. Large exposure towelding fumes may cause irritation to the eyes. Immediately flush upperand lower eyelids with plenty of water. After initial flushing, remove anycontact lenses and continue flushing for at least 15 minutes. Rest eyes for30 minutes. If redness, burning, blurred vision or swelling persists, visitnearest medical facility for additional treatment.Skin Contact:Large exposure to welding fumes may cause irritation to skin. If burnsoccur, flush with clean cool water for 15 minutes; obtain medical assistancewhen needed.NOTE: In all severe cases, contact physician immediately. Local telephone operators can provide number of regional poison control centre.Section 5: Fire-fighting MeasuresFlammable:NoMeans of Extinction:Not applicableAuto-ignition Temperature:Data not availableHazardous Combustion Products: Data not availableExplosion Data Sensitivity toMechanical Impact:Data not availableExplosion Data Sensitivity toStatic Discharge: Data not availableSpecial Equipment:Not applicablePrecautions for Fire Fighters:This product as shipped is non-flammable; however, fine chips and dustmay increase the explosion rating under certain heat and other ignitionhazards. Hydrogen gas and irritating fumes may form when involved in afire or if decomposing is caused from water, alcohol or sodium hydroxides.Do not use water with any molten metals and use self-contained safetyclothing/equipment in case of fires.Section 6: Accidental Release MeasuresProtective Equipment:Gloves may be worn while handling material.Emergency Procedures:This product is in rod and wire form and has no hazards as shipped.Leak or Spill Procedure:If spilled, the product may be picked up (wearing gloves) and placed backinto the container. If metals become molten, contain with sand and allow toreturn back into a solid for recycle as scrap.Section 7: Handling and StorageHandling Procedures and Equipment:Proper protective gloves can be worn while handling product. During alloperations, do not eat or drink while handling and ensure properventilation while welding, brazing or processing.Storage Requirements:Store in a cool, dry and low humid location.Incompatibilities:None knownSection 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Exposure Limits:I NGREDIENTS C ANADA TWA V ALUE (MG/M3) E XPOSURE L IMITS (MG/M3)OSHA PEL ACGIH TLVIron (Fe) 10(fume) 5(fume)Carbon (C) 3.5Manganese (Mn) 0.2 0.02, 0.2(fume) 0.2(resp), 0.1(fume)Silicon (Si) 10.0 10(dust), 5(resp) 15(dust), 5(resp)Copper (Cu) 0.2(fume), 1(dust) 0.1(fume) 0.2(fume), 1(dust)Phosphorus (P) 0.1 0.1Sulfur (S)Chromium (Cr) 0.5 0.5 0.5Nickel (Ni) 0.5 0.1Molybdenum (Mo) 0.5 10(dust), 3(resp) 10, 3(resp)Vanadium (V) 0.5Engineering Controls:Ensure proper ventilation and respiratory protection is used when welding,brazing or processing. Respiratory protection is recommended andinformation may be found regarding the OSHA STANDARDS (29 CRF1910.134), as well as CSA Standards Z94.4, along with many other safetystandards.Personal Protective Equipment:Use proper welding helmet or safety shield, as well as FR clothing andleather welding gloves, as required for job duties. An approved respirator isrecommended. Do not eat or drink while using these products and washhands after use.Section 9: Physical and Chemical PropertiesPhysical State:SolidOdour and Appearance:Odourless metallic welding wire or rodOdour Threshold (ppm): No data availablepH: Not applicableMelting Point:>1000°C (1800°F)Freezing Point: No data availableBoiling Point:No data availableFlashpoint:Not applicableUpper Flammable Limit (% by volume):No data availableLower Flammable Limit (% by volume):No data availableSection 10: Stability and ReactivityChemical Stability:StablePossible Hazardous Reactions:During welding, brazing and processing: fumes, dust and gas decompositionmay form.Conditions to Avoid:Avoid extreme temperaturesMaterials to Avoid (Incompatibilities):Strong acids; strong bases; strong oxidizers; metal oxides; alcohols;hydrocarbons; halogensConditions of Reactivity:Contact with chemical substances such as strong acids or bases may lead toformation of gas.Hazardous Decomposition By-Products: Based on composition of product, reasonable to assume Carbon Oxides,Nitrogen Oxides, and Ozone (O3); fumes may contain Iron (Fe), Oxygen (O),Manganese (Mn), Zirconium (Zr), Silicon (Si), Aluminum (Al) and Copper(Cu).Hazardous Polymerization:Does not occurSection 11: Toxicological InformationSkin Contact:Arc rays can burn skin; skin cancer has been reported.Skin Absorption: Not applicableEye Contact:Arc rays can injure eyes.Inhalation:Inhalation is the most likely route of exposure; refer to “Effects of AcuteExposure” and “Effects of Chronic Exposure” below.Ingestion:Unlikely due to form of product.Effects of Acute Exposure:Overexposure or inhalation of large amounts of welding fumes may causesymptoms such as metal fume fever, dizziness, nausea, dryness andirritation of your nose, throat or eyes as well as lung disease.Effects of Chronic Exposure:Overexposure or prolonged inhalation of large amounts of welding fumeswith chromium compounds may cause cancer. Other overexposure orprolonged inhalation of large amounts of welding fumes symptoms mayinclude damage to the central nervous system, respiratory system, skin andcould affect organs such as pancreas and liver.Irritancy of Product:Not availableSensitization to Product:Not availableCarcinogenicity:Not availableReproductive Effects:Not availableRespiratory Sensitization:Not availableToxicological Data:Acute oral (Rat) – Manganese (ATE): 9 000 000 mg/kg; Silicon (ATE): 3160mg/kg; Carbon (LD50): > 10 000 mg/kgSection 12: Ecological InformationAquatic and Terrestrial Toxicity:Not availablePersistence and Degradability:Not availableBioaccumulative Potential:Not availableSoil Mobility:Not availableSection 13: Disposal ConsiderationsNOTE: Always dispose of waste in accordance with local, provincial and federal regulations.Safe Handling:Gloves can be worn while handling discarded or unwanted productMethods of Disposal:Recycle when possible. Do not allow to enter drains, sewers orwatercourses. Discard any unwanted product, residues, containers, orliners in a suitable disposal container in an environmentally acceptablemanner, as required by relevant legislation.Section 14: Transportation InformationThis material is not considered as a dangerous good per transportation regulations.Section 15: Regulatory InformationUnited States Toxic SubstancesControl Act (TSCA):Copper, Manganese, Silicon, CarbonCanada WHMIS Classification: Class D, Division 2, Subdivision ACanadian Environmental ProtectionAct (CEPA):All constituents of these products are listed on the Domestic Substance List Section 16: Other InformationPreparation Date:18 September 2015Date of Last Revision:24 November 2015This SDS format is in accordance with GHS. PowerWeld Inc. provides the information contained herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Product use and conditions of use are beyond the control of PowerWeld. Warranty of materials is limited to test results of product performance as detailed in certificates of compliance. Interpretation of test results is the responsibility of end-user. No other warranties, expressed or implied, are made.。

AA航班时刻表

Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNATL DFW0565123456715:2517:00S8011/17/2011ATL DFW0693123456708:4510:25S8011/17/2011ATL DFW0829123456718:4520:20S8011/17/2011ATL DFW1046123456710:1511:5073712/2/2011ATL DFW1311123456710:1511:50S8011/17/201112/1/2011 ATL DFW132912345.720:0521:3573711/17/2011ATL DFW1367123456716:2617:56S8011/17/2011ATL DFW1389123456712:1013:45S8011/17/2011ATL DFW1445123456710:5512:30S8011/17/2011ATL DFW1449123456707:1008:40S8011/17/201112/14/2011 ATL DFW1449123456707:2008:55S8012/15/2011ATL DFW1533123456706:0007:25S8011/18/2011ATL DFW155612345.717:4519:20S8011/17/2011ATL DFW1595123456713:3515:05S8011/17/2011ATL MIA1039123456713:2515:2073711/17/2011ATL MIA1091123456707:4009:4073711/17/2011ATL MIA1965123456716:5519:0073711/17/2011ATL MIA2157123456709:4011:4573712/15/2011ATL MIA2185123456706:3008:2073711/17/2011ATL MIA3508123456719:4021:40ER411/17/2011ATL ORD3709123456714:1515:20CR711/17/2011ATL ORD3716123456715:3516:50CR711/17/2011ATL ORD3718123456717:5019:15CR711/17/201112/18/2011 ATL ORD371812345.717:5019:15CR712/19/20111/1/2012 ATL ORD3718123456717:5019:15CR71/2/2012ATL ORD376912345.709:5011:05CR711/17/2011ATL ORD3827123456711:3012:45CR711/17/2011ATL ORD382912345.720:4521:50CR711/17/201112/18/2011 ATL ORD382912345..20:4521:50CR712/19/201112/30/2011 ATL ORD382912345.720:4521:50CR71/2/2012ATL ORD385312.456.06:0007:00CR711/17/2011AUA MIA1036123456709:5011:5075711/17/2011AUA MIA2284123456716:2518:3575711/17/2011AUS DFW0373123456710:2511:3073711/17/2011AUS DFW0418123456712:5514:00S8011/17/2011AUS DFW0523123456717:5018:55S8011/17/2011AUS DFW0594123456711:3012:35S8011/17/2011AUS DFW0603123456707:5509:0573711/17/2011AUS DFW0890123456714:0015:05S8011/17/2011AUS DFW102012345606:4007:45S8011/17/2011AUS DFW1099123456708:4009:50S8011/17/2011AUS DFW1638123456709:5511:00S8011/17/2011AUS DFW1660123456706:0007:00S8011/17/2011AUS DFW1660....5..06:0007:0073711/25/201111/25/2011 AUS DFW1803123456715:2016:2073711/17/2011AUS DFW1871123456709:3510:40S8011/17/2011AUS DFW1925123456717:1018:15S8011/17/2011AUS DFW2048123456718:4519:50S8011/17/2011AUS DFW2244123456707:0008:00S8011/17/2011Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNAUS LAX0427123456719:3020:50S8011/17/2011AUS LAX0813123456712:0013:1573711/17/2011AUS ORD0698123456708:2011:00S8011/17/2011AUS ORD3601123456713:0515:40CR711/17/2011AUS ORD3611123456706:0008:40CR711/17/2011AUS ORD362612345.717:2520:10CR711/17/2011BCN JFK0067123456710:1513:1576311/17/2011BDL DFW0399123456712:0515:1573711/17/2011BDL DFW1461123456706:1509:4073711/17/2011BDL DFW2495123456718:1521:2573711/17/2011BDL MIA2005123456705:5009:2073711/17/2011BDL ORD379012345.720:2522:10CR711/17/201112/18/2011 BDL ORD379012345..20:2522:10CR712/19/201112/30/2011 BDL ORD379012345.720:2522:10CR71/2/2012BDL ORD3910123456716:5018:55ER411/17/201112/18/2011 BDL ORD391012345.716:5018:55ER412/19/20111/1/2012 BDL ORD3910123456716:5018:55ER41/2/2012BDL ORD391612345610:5512:45ER411/17/2011BDL ORD4083123456714:1516:10ER411/17/2011BDL ORD423912..56707:1509:20ER411/18/2011BDL SJU1375123456707:3012:2573711/17/2011BGI DFW0615.2..5.710:3515:1573711/18/2011BGI JFK1384123456715:1519:4575711/17/2011BGI MIA0602123456706:3009:3575711/17/2011BGI MIA1078123456716:2019:3075711/17/2011BGI SJU4851 1....6.08:5011:10AT711/19/2011BNA DFW0661123456716:3018:40S8011/17/2011BNA DFW1087123456707:0009:15S8011/17/2011BNA DFW1335123456708:3010:45S8011/18/2011BNA DFW1615.....6.09:3011:45S8011/26/201111/26/2011 BNA DFW1615123456709:3011:45S8012/15/2011BNA DFW169912345.719:3021:35S8011/17/2011BNA DFW2275123456714:0516:1073711/17/2011BNA DFW2529123456712:0014:05S8011/17/2011BNA JFK4197123456712:3016:00ER411/17/2011BNA LAX1307123456718:2521:0573711/17/2011BNA MIA0993123456706:0009:2073711/17/2011BNA MIA3506...4...06:0009:25ER411/17/201111/17/2011 BNA MIA3528123456710:0513:25ER411/17/2011BNA MIA3530123456716:5520:15ER411/17/2011BNA ORD3939123456706:1508:15ER411/17/2011BNA ORD3974......709:0510:50ER411/20/20112/5/2012 BNA ORD397412345609:0510:50ERD11/17/2011BNA ORD4157123456718:5520:50ER411/17/201112/18/2011 BNA ORD415712345..18:5520:50ER412/19/201112/30/2011 BNA ORD4157123456718:5520:50ER41/2/2012BNA ORD4215123456714:0015:45ER411/17/201112/18/2011 BNA ORD421512345.714:0015:45ER412/19/20111/1/2012 BNA ORD4215123456714:0015:45ER41/2/2012Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNBNA ORD4311...4...07:1508:55ER411/17/201111/17/2011 BNA ORD4337123456717:3019:35ER411/17/201112/18/2011 BNA ORD4337.....6.16:0517:55ER412/24/201112/31/2011 BNA ORD433712345.717:3019:35ER412/19/20111/1/2012 BNA ORD4337123456717:3019:35ER41/2/2012BNA ORD439412345.719:5021:25ER411/17/201112/18/2011 BNA ORD439412345..19:5021:25ER412/19/201112/30/2011 BNA ORD439412345.719:5021:25ER41/2/2012BOG MIA0916123456714:3018:1576312/2/2011BOG MIA2170123456708:5012:3575711/17/2011BOG MIA2176123456701:1004:5073711/18/2011BOS DFW045512345.719:0522:2575711/17/2011BOS DFW0513123456717:1020:4073711/17/2011BOS DFW1027123456713:2516:5075711/17/2011BOS DFW1295123456707:5011:2575711/17/2011BOS DFW1365123456709:2012:5575711/17/2011BOS DFW173112345..15:2518:5573711/17/2011BOS DFW2063123456706:2510:0075711/17/2011BOS DFW2063....5..06:2510:0073711/25/201111/25/2011 BOS DFW2063......706:1509:5073712/25/201112/25/2011 BOS DFW2457123456711:3515:0075711/17/2011BOS JFK1807123456719:1020:3073711/17/2011BOS JFK1851123456715:5017:2073711/17/2011BOS JFK1899123456709:3510:5073711/17/2011BOS LAX0025123456707:4511:3073711/17/2011BOS LAX0145123456717:0020:3575711/17/2011BOS LAX0223123456718:4522:2075711/17/2011BOS LHR0108123456719:1007:0575711/17/2011BOS LHR015612345.708:5520:5575711/17/20111/15/2012 BOS LHR0156 1.3.5.708:5520:557571/16/2012BOS MIA0573123456709:1012:5075711/17/2011BOS MIA0937123456706:4010:2075711/17/2011BOS MIA1315123456715:0518:5575711/17/2011BOS MIA1845123456705:4009:1575711/17/2011BOS MIA1886123456710:4514:2075711/17/2011BOS MIA1951123456716:3020:2075711/17/2011BOS MIA2064123456707:4511:2575711/17/2011BOS ORD0415123456708:3510:4073711/17/2011BOS ORD1081123456719:3521:2073711/17/2011BOS ORD1339123456717:4019:4573711/17/2011BOS ORD140712345.711:2013:1573711/17/2011BOS ORD1487123456706:5509:0073711/17/2011BOS ORD1487......706:5509:05S8012/25/201112/25/2011 BOS ORD1561123456716:2018:2073711/17/2011BOS ORD1597123456706:0008:0573711/17/2011BOS ORD1605123456713:2015:2073711/17/2011BOS STT0883.....6.09:4514:3575711/19/20112/4/2012 BRU JFK0171123456710:0012:4575711/17/2011BUD JFK0159.2.4.6709:5013:4076311/17/2011Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNBWI DFW1063123456707:0509:4573711/17/2011BWI DFW1277123456712:3015:05S8011/17/2011BWI DFW1545123456717:0019:40S8011/17/2011BWI DFW2425123456708:4011:20S8011/17/2011BWI JFK3964123456714:0015:30ER411/17/2011BWI MIA1687123456710:2013:0573711/17/2011BWI MIA1745123456715:1018:0073711/17/2011BWI MIA2103123456706:1008:5573711/17/2011BWI ORD3936123456718:0019:30ER411/17/201112/18/2011 BWI ORD393612345.718:0019:30ER412/19/20111/1/2012 BWI ORD3936123456718:0019:30ER41/2/2012BWI ORD407812345.720:0021:20ER411/17/201112/18/2011 BWI ORD407812345..20:0021:20ER412/19/201112/30/2011 BWI ORD407812345.720:0021:20ER41/2/2012BWI ORD4208123456711:2012:30ER411/17/2011BWI ORD426012345606:0007:25ER411/17/2011BZE DFW2146.....6.13:4516:4573711/19/20112/4/2012 BZE DFW2194123456717:0020:0573711/17/20111/8/2012 BZE DFW2194 1..456717:0020:057371/9/2012BZE MIA2104123456715:3018:3073711/17/2011BZE MIA2180123456712:1515:1573711/17/2011CDG DFW0049123456711:3015:4076311/17/20111/15/2012 CDG DFW004912.456711:3015:407631/16/2012CDG JFK0045 1.3456.09:2512:0576311/17/2011CDG JFK0121123456717:1020:0575711/17/2011CDG MIA0063123456710:0514:3576311/17/2011CDG ORD0041123456712:1514:4076311/17/20111/15/2012 CDG ORD0041 1.3.5.712:1514:407631/16/2012CLE DFW0679.....6.18:2020:30S8012/17/201112/17/2011 CLE DFW0679.....6.18:2020:30S8012/31/20112/4/2012 CLE DFW1003123456713:1515:25S8011/17/2011CLE DFW119712345.718:2020:30S8012/15/2011CLE DFW1551123456706:4008:50S8011/17/2011CLE JFK4242123456712:2014:00ER411/17/2011CLE MIA3514123456706:1009:20ER411/17/2011CLE MIA3591123456717:3020:35ER411/17/2011CLE ORD3735123456716:3517:10CR711/17/201112/18/2011 CLE ORD373512345616:3517:10CR712/19/201112/31/2011 CLE ORD3735123456716:3517:10CR71/2/2012CLE ORD388412345606:0006:25CR711/17/2011CLE ORD3884......707:0007:35CR711/20/20112/5/2012 CLE ORD4207123456710:0010:30ERD11/17/2011CLE ORD4209 1..45.718:5519:40ER411/17/2011CLE ORD426812345..08:1509:05ER411/17/2011CLE ORD4315123456713:4014:15ER411/17/2011CLO MIA0920123456708:1512:0073711/17/2011CLT DFW0447123456717:5020:05S8011/17/2011CLT DFW1149.....6.09:0511:10S801/14/20122/4/2012 CLT DFW119512345.715:3017:40S8011/17/201111/27/2011Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNCLT DFW1223123456709:0511:10S8011/17/20111/8/2012 CLT DFW122312345.709:0511:10S801/9/2012CLT DFW1241123456711:3513:40S8012/15/2011CLT DFW1527123456707:2509:25S8011/17/2011CLT DFW2049123456706:0008:00S8011/17/2011CLT MIA3532123456705:5008:05ER411/17/2011CLT MIA3534123456710:3012:40ER411/17/2011CLT MIA3536123456716:4018:50ER411/17/2011CLT MIA3546123456712:3514:40ER411/17/201112/18/2011 CLT MIA354612345..12:3514:40ER412/19/201112/30/2011 CLT MIA3546123456712:3514:40ER41/2/2012CLT MIA3574123456719:1021:10ER411/17/2011CLT ORD4010123456718:0019:35ER411/17/201112/18/2011 CLT ORD401012345.718:0019:35ER412/19/20111/1/2012 CLT ORD4010123456718:0019:35ER41/2/2012CLT ORD410512345608:0009:35ER411/17/2011CLT ORD4105......708:0009:35ERD11/20/20112/5/2012 CLT ORD4192123456714:2015:40ER411/17/2011CLT ORD431012345611:1012:20ERD11/17/2011CLT ORD4325 1..45.720:1021:35ER411/17/201112/18/2011 CLT ORD4325 1..45..20:1021:35ER412/19/201112/30/2011 CLT ORD4325 1..45.720:1021:35ER41/2/2012CNF MIA0992 1.3.56723:2504:4076311/18/201112/18/2011 CNF MIA0992123456723:2504:4076312/19/2011CUN DFW1108123456717:1020:0575711/17/20111/8/2012 CUN DFW1108...4...17:1020:0573711/24/201111/24/2011 CUN DFW1108 1..4.6717:1020:057571/9/2012CUN DFW1654123456711:5014:4573711/17/2011CUN DFW1688123456715:2018:2075711/17/2011CUN DFW2212123456706:5009:4573711/17/2011CUN JFK1608123456709:5514:3073711/18/2011CUN JFK1674123456717:1021:5073711/17/2011CUN MIA1302123456715:0517:4575711/17/2011CUN MIA2158123456711:5014:3073711/17/2011CUN MIA2172123456716:3519:1573711/17/2011CUN MIA2186123456713:5016:3075711/17/2011CUN MIA2190123456706:5509:3075711/17/2011CUN ORD0448123456713:1017:0073711/17/2011CUN ORD0486123456708:2012:0573711/18/2011CUN ORD0676.....6.16:3520:2573711/19/20112/4/2012 CVG DFW2708123456716:1017:55ER411/17/2011CVG DFW2731123456706:0007:50ER411/17/2011CVG DFW2800123456708:3010:20ER411/18/2011CVG DFW284512345.719:1020:55ER411/17/2011CVG DFW2962123456711:4013:25ER411/17/2011CVG DFW3374123456714:1516:05ER411/17/2011CVG JFK4277123456712:1014:15ER411/17/2011CVG MIA3468123456707:0009:55ER411/17/2011CVG MIA3548123456718:0520:45ER411/17/2011Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNCVG ORD400412345606:0006:30ER411/17/2011CVG ORD4004....5.709:0009:35ER411/20/201111/27/2011 CVG ORD4004......709:0009:35ER412/4/20112/5/2012 CVG ORD4058123.56708:3009:05ER411/18/201111/27/2011 CVG ORD4058123456708:3009:05ER411/28/2011CVG ORD4181...4...08:3009:05ER411/17/201111/17/2011 CVG ORD4330 1.3456715:3516:00ER411/17/2011CVG ORD436912345.718:0518:35ERD11/17/2011CVG ORD502612345.720:3521:10ERD11/17/201112/18/2011 CVG ORD502612345..20:3521:10ERD12/19/201112/30/2011 CVG ORD502612345.720:3521:10ERD1/2/2012CVG ORD509212345609:3010:00ERD11/17/2011CVG ORD5093123456714:1514:45ERD11/17/2011DEL ORD0293123456700:5505:0077711/17/2011DEN DFW0644123456710:4513:45S8011/17/2011DEN DFW065012345..06:0509:1073711/17/2011DEN DFW0845123456713:1416:06S8011/17/2011DEN DFW1028123456717:5520:50S8011/17/2011DEN DFW112712345.719:1522:05S8011/17/2011DEN DFW1274123456707:3510:40S8011/17/2011DEN DFW1276123456708:5011:5073711/17/2011DEN DFW1482123456712:0515:00S8011/17/2011DEN DFW1531.....6706:0509:1073711/19/20112/5/2012 DEN DFW1667123456715:5518:50S8011/17/2011DEN DFW1766123456714:3017:25S8011/17/2011DEN LAX3816123456706:3008:20CR711/17/2011DEN LAX3820123456711:1513:00CR711/17/2011DEN LAX3822123456716:4018:20CR711/17/2011DEN LAX3824123456720:1021:50CR711/17/2011DEN MIA1327123456708:1013:5575711/17/2011DEN MIA1488123456723:5505:3573711/17/2011DEN ORD0706123456715:4019:1573711/17/2011DEN ORD2084123456706:0009:40S8011/17/2011DEN ORD3602123456712:4516:15CR711/17/2011DEN ORD3613123456709:5513:25CR711/17/2011DEN ORD3773 1..456718:4022:05CR711/17/201112/18/2011 DEN ORD3773 1..45..18:4022:05CR712/19/201112/30/2011 DEN ORD3773 1..456718:4022:05CR71/2/2012DFW ATL0474123456712:3515:35S8011/17/2011DFW ATL0536123456706:1509:20S8011/17/201112/1/2011 DFW ATL0536123456706:1509:2073712/2/2011DFW ATL1074123456714:0016:55S8011/17/2011DFW ATL1168123456717:5020:55S8011/17/2011DFW ATL1168......718:2521:25S8012/25/201112/25/2011 DFW ATL1218123456707:0010:05S8011/17/2011DFW ATL1282123456708:2011:20S8011/17/2011DFW ATL1332123456720:5523:45S8011/17/2011DFW ATL135412345.719:3022:25S8011/17/2011DFW ATL1472123456711:3514:35S8011/17/2011Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNDFW ATL1884123456714:5517:55S8011/17/2011DFW ATL222212345.716:1019:1073711/17/2011DFW ATL2222...4...16:1019:10S8011/24/201111/24/2011 DFW ATL2222......716:1019:10S8012/25/201112/25/2011 DFW AUS040512345.722:3523:25S8011/17/2011DFW AUS0421123456708:4009:3573711/17/2011DFW AUS0479123456718:1519:10S8011/17/2011DFW AUS0497123456721:2522:20S8011/17/2011DFW AUS0559123456715:3016:25S8011/17/2011DFW AUS1082123456719:0520:00S8011/17/2011DFW AUS1109123456707:5508:50S8011/17/2011DFW AUS1452123456722:0022:55S8011/17/2011DFW AUS1477123456709:5010:45S8011/17/2011DFW AUS1483123456711:1512:10S8011/17/2011DFW AUS1543123456716:1017:05S8011/17/2011DFW AUS1616123456717:0518:00S8011/17/2011DFW AUS1731123456719:5020:4573711/17/2011DFW AUS2162123456713:3514:3073711/17/2011DFW AUS2235123456712:1013:05S8011/17/2011DFW BDL0342123456712:5517:1073711/17/2011DFW BDL1460123456720:0500:1573711/17/2011DFW BDL1916123456707:0011:1073711/17/2011DFW BGI0514 1..4.6.13:3020:5573711/17/2011DFW BNA0440123456707:0508:45S8012/15/2011DFW BNA1102123456718:4020:15S8011/17/2011DFW BNA1102.....6.20:3522:10S8012/24/201112/24/2011 DFW BNA1626123456721:1522:50S8011/17/2011DFW BNA1694123456714:1015:45S8011/17/2011DFW BNA170212345.717:0518:45S8011/17/2011DFW BNA1792123456709:3511:15S8011/17/2011DFW BNA2024123456711:4013:1573711/17/2011DFW BOS056012345.715:3520:0075711/17/2011DFW BOS0610123456719:1523:3075711/17/2011DFW BOS0614123456717:5022:1075711/17/2011DFW BOS065412345..10:0514:3073711/17/2011DFW BOS0674123456708:0512:2575711/17/2011DFW BOS1466123456706:1510:3575711/17/2011DFW BOS2242123456713:1017:3575711/17/2011DFW BOS2410123456711:5516:1573711/17/2011DFW BWI1536123456716:5020:3073711/17/2011DFW BWI165812345.714:3018:15S8011/17/2011DFW BWI1678123456708:0011:40S8011/17/2011DFW BWI2096123456712:3016:10S8011/17/2011DFW BWI2406123456718:2022:00S8011/17/2011DFW BZE2145.....6.09:5012:4073711/19/20112/4/2012 DFW BZE2193123456712:5515:4573711/17/20111/8/2012 DFW BZE2193 1..456712:5515:457371/9/2012DFW CDG0048123456717:0009:3076311/17/20111/15/2012 DFW CDG0048 1.3456717:0009:307631/16/2012Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNDFW CLE0872...4...14:0017:30S8011/24/201111/24/2011 DFW CLE0872123456714:0017:30S8012/15/2011DFW CLE1298123456721:0500:30S8011/17/2011DFW CLE1298.....6.19:4023:10S8012/24/201112/24/2011 DFW CLT0402123456713:4517:00S8011/17/2011DFW CLT1266123456707:3010:45S8012/15/2011DFW CLT143612345.711:3014:40S8011/17/201111/27/2011 DFW CLT143612345..11:3014:40S8011/28/2011DFW CLT1554123456718:3521:50S8011/17/2011DFW CLT2238123456717:1020:25S8011/17/2011DFW CLT2448123456720:1523:30S8011/17/2011DFW CUN0315123456708:2010:5073711/17/2011DFW CUN1211123456716:1518:4073711/17/2011DFW CUN1625123456713:3016:0575711/17/20111/8/2012 DFW CUN1625...4...13:3516:0573711/24/201111/24/2011 DFW CUN1625 1..4.6713:3016:057571/9/2012DFW CUN2063123456711:4514:1575711/17/2011DFW CVG2863123456712:3015:40ER411/17/2011DFW CVG2885123456718:0021:10ER411/17/2011DFW CVG2907123456715:3518:40ER411/17/2011DFW CVG2957123456707:5511:05ER411/17/2011DFW CVG3356123456710:3513:45ER411/17/2011DFW CVG337112345.720:1023:20ER411/17/2011DFW DEN0393123456706:5507:5573711/17/2011DFW DEN1087123456710:1011:15S8011/17/2011DFW DEN1219123456721:4022:40S8011/17/2011DFW DEN1223123456712:1513:15S8011/17/2011DFW DEN1441123456714:0015:00S8011/17/2011DFW DEN1847123456711:3012:29S8011/17/2011DFW DEN2049123456708:5009:55S8011/17/2011DFW DEN224312345.717:2518:25S8011/17/2011DFW DEN2243....5..17:2518:2573711/25/201111/25/2011 DFW DEN2513123456720:2021:2073711/17/2011DFW DEN2583123456716:0517:05S8011/17/2011DFW DEN2583......716:0517:0573712/25/201112/25/2011 DFW ELP0375123456722:1522:55S8011/17/2011DFW ELP0523123456719:4520:25S8011/17/2011DFW ELP0563123456709:3010:10S8011/17/2011DFW ELP0671123456710:3011:10S8011/17/2011DFW ELP0815123456714:5015:30S8011/17/2011DFW ELP1033123456718:2019:00S8011/17/2011DFW ELP1161123456713:4514:25S8011/17/2011DFW ELP1685123456716:3517:15S8012/15/2011DFW EWR0558123456711:3516:00S8011/17/2011DFW EWR0624123456719:0023:05S8011/17/20111/8/2012 DFW EWR062412345..19:0023:05S801/9/2012DFW EWR0878123456716:4021:00S8011/17/2011DFW EWR13481234..714:0018:30S8011/17/20111/8/2012 DFW EWR13481234...14:0018:30S801/9/2012Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNDFW EWR187412345.709:3013:50S8011/17/2011DFW EWR1874.....6.09:4013:59S8011/19/20112/4/2012 DFW EZE0997123456719:3509:1576311/17/2011DFW EZE0997...4...18:3008:1076311/24/201111/24/2011 DFW FAT1885123456711:1012:45S8011/17/2011DFW FAT1981123456720:0021:30S8011/17/2011DFW FLL0600123456711:3515:0573711/17/2011DFW FLL1084123456719:3023:0573711/17/2011DFW FLL1374123456716:5520:3073711/17/2011DFW FLL1394123456709:1012:4573711/17/2011DFW FLL1408123456713:4017:1573711/17/2011DFW FLL2042123456706:3010:0573711/17/2011DFW FRA0070123456715:2008:0576311/17/20111/15/2012 DFW FRA0070 1.3456715:2008:057631/16/2012DFW GDL1237123456713:1515:50S8011/17/2011DFW GDL1401123456717:1519:50S8011/17/2011DFW GIG0251.2.4.6.19:4510:2076311/17/2011DFW GIG0251...4...19:0009:3576311/24/201111/24/2011 DFW GRU0963123456719:4009:4077711/17/2011DFW GRU2687 1.3.5.718:0008:2076312/16/2011DFW GUA2195123456717:0020:1073711/17/2011DFW HNL0005123456713:0017:3576311/17/2011DFW HNL0123123456710:5015:2576311/17/2011DFW IAD1356123456710:5014:30S8011/17/2011DFW IAD1572123456708:1011:50S8012/15/2011DFW IAD1680123456718:0021:35S8011/17/201112/14/2011 DFW IAD1680123456717:4521:25S8012/15/2011DFW IAD171012345.720:4000:15S8011/17/201112/18/2011 DFW IAD171012345..20:4000:15S8012/19/201112/30/2011 DFW IAD171012345.720:4000:15S801/2/2012DFW IAD1720123456714:4018:15S8011/17/2011DFW IAH118412345.718:1519:20S8012/15/2011DFW IAH119712345.721:3022:30S8011/17/2011DFW IAH1338.....6.21:3022:30S8011/19/20112/4/2012 DFW IAH1560123456712:4513:50S8011/17/2011DFW IAH1599123456710:0511:05S8011/17/2011DFW IAH2385123456707:0508:15S8011/17/2011DFW IAH2428123456714:2515:30S8011/17/2011DFW ICT0436...4...15:5517:05S8011/24/201111/24/2011 DFW ICT043612345.715:5517:05S8012/15/2011DFW ICT0471123456709:3010:45S8011/17/2011DFW ICT1556123456720:1021:20S8011/17/2011DFW ICT1739123456712:4513:55S8011/17/2011DFW ICT1739.....6.13:0014:10S8012/24/201112/24/2011 DFW IND0482123456710:5513:50S8011/17/2011DFW IND0594123456713:2516:20S8011/17/2011DFW IND1380123456716:1019:10S8011/17/2011DFW IND1660123456707:5010:50S8011/17/2011DFW IND1760123456719:5022:45S8011/17/2011Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNDFW JAX0574123456718:5022:00S8011/17/2011DFW JAX1914123456714:3517:45S8011/17/2011DFW JAX1962123456707:1510:25S8011/17/20111/8/2012 DFW JAX196212345607:1510:25S801/9/2012DFW JFK0400123456710:4014:5973711/17/2011DFW LAX2401123456706:4008:10S8011/17/2011DFW LAX2407123456707:4509:1573711/17/2011DFW LAX2411123456708:4510:1075711/17/201112/11/2011 DFW LAX241112345..08:4510:1075712/12/2011DFW LAX2419123456710:4512:1075711/17/2011DFW LAX2419...4...10:4512:1073711/24/201111/24/2011 DFW LAX2421123456711:5013:20S8011/17/2011DFW LAX2421...4...11:5013:1573711/24/201111/24/2011 DFW LAX2431123456712:3014:00S8011/17/2011DFW LAX2431...4...12:3013:5573711/24/201111/24/2011 DFW LAX2433123456712:5514:2575711/17/2011DFW LAX243912345..13:4515:1575711/17/2011DFW LAX2445123456714:4516:15S8011/17/2011DFW LAX2445.....6714:4516:1073712/24/201112/25/2011 DFW LAX2453123456715:1016:40S8011/17/201112/1/2011 DFW LAX2453123456715:1016:3575712/2/2011DFW LAX2457123456716:0017:2575711/17/2011DFW LAX2457...4...16:0017:30S8011/24/201111/24/2011 DFW LAX2459123456716:4518:1073711/17/2011DFW LAX2463123456717:1018:3575711/17/2011DFW LAX2463...4...17:1018:3573711/24/201111/24/2011 DFW LAX2473123456718:0519:2573711/17/2011DFW LAX2477123456719:2020:5075711/17/2011DFW LAX2489123456720:2521:5073711/17/2011DFW LAX2493123456721:3523:0073711/17/201112/14/2011 DFW LAX2493123456721:3523:0075712/15/2011DFW LAX2495123456722:3023:5073711/17/20111/13/2012 DFW LAX2495.2.45..22:3023:507371/17/2012DFW LHR0050123456718:3509:3577711/17/2011DFW LHR0078123456720:1511:3576311/17/201112/18/2011 DFW LHR007812345.720:1511:3576312/19/20111/1/2012 DFW LHR0078123456720:1511:357631/2/2012DFW LRD2707123456711:1012:35ER411/17/2011DFW LRD2812 1.345.716:0017:25ERD11/17/2011DFW LRD3355123456708:4010:05ERD11/17/2011DFW LRD3355...4...07:4009:05ERD11/24/201111/24/2011 DFW LRD3363123456720:4522:05ER411/17/2011DFW LRD3363...4...16:0017:25ER411/24/201111/24/2011 DFW MAD0036123456717:4510:1076311/17/201112/11/2011 DFW MAD0036.2.456717:4510:1076312/13/2011DFW MBJ1232 1..456710:1014:4073711/19/201112/18/2011 DFW MBJ1232123456710:1014:4073712/19/20111/8/2012 DFW MBJ1232 1....6710:1014:407371/9/2012DFW MCI0418123456714:5516:25S8011/17/2011Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNDFW MCI1026123456706:4008:10S8011/17/2011DFW MCI1032123456712:3514:05S8011/17/2011DFW MCI125112345.722:4000:05S8011/17/201112/18/2011 DFW MCI125112345..22:4000:05S8012/19/201112/30/2011 DFW MCI125112345.722:4000:05S801/2/2012DFW MCI1286123456717:1018:40S8011/17/2011DFW MCI1286.....6.17:4519:15S8012/24/201112/24/2011 DFW MCI1627123456709:2510:55S8011/17/2011DFW MCI1696123456719:3021:00S8011/17/2011DFW MCO0462123456715:0018:20S8011/17/2011DFW MCO1128123456709:4013:0073711/17/2011DFW MCO1434123456707:1510:35S8011/17/2011DFW MCO1538123456720:4023:55S8011/17/2011DFW MCO1548123456718:3021:50S8011/17/2011DFW MCO1592123456712:4016:00S8011/17/2011DFW MCO1596123456711:3514:55S8011/17/2011DFW MCO1712123456706:1509:3073711/17/2011DFW MCO1734123456708:3011:5075711/17/2011DFW MCO1856123456717:4021:0075711/17/2011DFW MCO2638...4...16:3519:55S8011/24/201111/24/2011 DFW MEX0409123456722:0500:30S8011/17/2011DFW MEX0433123456709:5012:20S8011/17/2011DFW MEX0481123456717:5520:25S8011/17/2011DFW MEX0675123456712:3515:05S8011/17/2011DFW MEX1111123456714:2016:50S8011/17/2011DFW MFE0449.....6.18:0519:30S8012/24/201112/24/2011 DFW MFE1755123456708:4510:10S8012/15/2011DFW MFE1770123456713:4015:10S8011/17/2011DFW MFE1849123456721:1022:35S8011/17/2011DFW MFE3311123456716:2517:55ER411/17/2011DFW MIA0484123456716:1519:5575711/17/2011DFW MIA0645123456705:4509:2075711/17/2011DFW MIA0651123456712:3016:1075711/17/2011DFW MIA1148123456711:1514:5573711/17/2011DFW MIA1246123456714:1517:5575711/17/2011DFW MIA1500123456717:0520:4573711/17/2011DFW MIA1688123456720:1523:5075711/17/2011DFW MIA1976123456709:0012:3575711/17/2011DFW MIA2446123456719:1022:4575711/17/2011DFW MIA2525123456707:2511:1076311/17/2011DFW MKE3251123456711:5014:10ER411/17/2011DFW MKE3400123456707:4010:05ER411/17/2011DFW MKE3402123456709:4512:00ER411/17/2011DFW MKE3440123456715:0517:25ER411/17/2011DFW MKE3447123456720:3022:45ER411/17/201112/18/2011 DFW MKE344712345.720:3022:45ER412/19/20111/1/2012 DFW MKE3447123456720:3022:45ER41/2/2012DFW MSP0450123456710:4513:05S8011/17/2011DFW MSP1038123456707:1509:35S8011/17/2011DFW MSP1046123456712:4515:0573711/17/2011Origin Dest.Flight Flight Departure Arrival Aircraft Effective Discontinue Airport Airport Number Frequency*Time Time Type Date Date*1=MON, 2=TUE, 3=WED, 4=THUR, 5=FRI, 6=SAT, 7=SUNDFW MSP1046...4...12:4515:05S8011/24/201111/24/2011 DFW MSP1175...4...15:3517:55S8011/24/201111/24/2011 DFW MSP1175123456715:3517:55S8012/15/2011DFW MSP128412345.721:2023:35S8011/17/2011DFW MSP1284.....6.21:3523:50S8011/19/20112/4/2012 DFW MSP1344123456718:0520:30S8011/17/2011DFW MTY0505123456710:1511:50S8011/17/2011DFW MTY0525123456713:4515:20S8011/17/2011DFW MTY0885123456719:1520:55S8011/17/2011DFW NRT0061123456711:4516:1577711/17/2011DFW NRT0175...45..09:3514:0577711/17/201111/18/2011 DFW NRT0175123456709:3514:0577712/1/2011DFW OGG0007123456712:0516:2576311/17/2011DFW ORD2320123456705:4508:10S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2324......706:4009:05S8011/20/20112/5/2012 DFW ORD232412345606:4509:10S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2328123456707:3510:00S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2332123456709:0011:20S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2336123456709:3511:55S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2336......709:3011:4573712/25/201112/25/2011 DFW ORD2338123456710:3512:50S8011/17/2011DFW ORD234412345611:3013:50S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2348123456712:0514:25S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2352123456713:0015:20S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2354123456714:0516:25S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2356123456715:0017:25S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2362123456716:1518:40S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2364123456717:1519:35S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2368123456718:1020:25S8011/17/2011DFW ORD237212345.719:2021:35S8011/17/2011DFW ORD2374123456720:1522:20S8011/17/2011DFW PHL0446123456711:5015:50S8011/17/2011DFW PHL0534123456713:2017:30S8011/17/2011DFW PHL083212345.719:3523:30S8011/17/2011DFW PHL1086123456715:5520:00S8011/17/2011DFW PHL1776123456706:1010:05S8011/17/20111/8/2012 DFW PHL177612345606:1010:05S801/9/2012DFW PHL194812345.709:5013:50S8011/17/2011DFW PHX1057123456711:3013:05S8011/17/2011DFW PHX1123123456707:5509:30S8011/17/2011DFW PHX1147123456717:1018:45S8011/17/20111/8/2012 DFW PHX114712345.717:1018:45S801/9/2012DFW PHX1279123456713:0014:35S8011/17/2011DFW PHX1457123456709:0510:40S8011/17/2011DFW PHX1527123456710:1511:50S8011/17/2011DFW PHX1607123456715:2016:50S8011/17/2011DFW PHX1875123456719:1020:40S8011/17/2011DFW PHX1955123456720:3022:00S8011/17/2011DFW PIT083812345.713:3517:05S8011/17/2011DFW PIT0838...4.6.14:0017:30S8011/19/201111/26/2011。

投入产出表方法与指标

ER
第一次局部平衡
RESSOURCES
EMPLOIS
Prod Imp魌s sur produits Sub MC
MT Imp Emplois interm閐212
sur EF sur EI
EA-EF FG2 EJ EH EM BUF, ER Conso, stocks
ER
可获得的数据：
调整和匹配
❖基于完整资料的年度记账数据例如：居民消费的汽车数量
❖部分季度数据：指标车辆注册信息
❖在限制条件下，将季度数据汇总成年度数据
解决方法 = 调整/匹配
调整和匹配
调整
❖估计年度记账资料和年度指标间的关系：
AyαβIyεy
›在季度序列上使用上述关系
A ˆq α4ˆ βˆIqεˆq
生产法 = “分行业”法 (供应和使用表与投入产出表) : 增加值 = P1 – P2
支出法 = 从使用方角度的“分产品”法（供给和使用余额）
收入法：分行业和机构部门的收入形成账户
计算GDP 从一种方法到另外两种方法
❖ 我们从“分行业”法开始
GDP = Σ产出 – 中间投入 + 产品税 (T) – 产品补贴 (S)
sur EF sur EI d214
FG1 EK EL
FN4 FP2
FBCF,
FQB
FN1 FN2 FP3 FQ1
Export
FN3 FP1 FQA
EA-EF FG1 EK FQB FG2 EJ EL FN1 FN1 FN2 FN3 FP1 EH EM FN4 FP2 FP3 FQ1 FQA BUF, ER
sur EF sur EI d214
FG1 EK EL

TDA8808T资料

TDA8808T TDA8808AT
Fig.2 Pinning diagram.
November 1987
4
Philips Semiconductors
Product speciﬁcation
Photo diode signal processor for compact disc players
November 1987
Philips Semiconductors
Product speciﬁcation
Photo diode signal processor for compact disc players
TDA8808T TDA8808AT
CHARACTERISTICS VP = + 5 V; VGND = 0 V; Vext = −5 V (TDA8808T); Vext = + 10 V (TDA8808AT); VRE1 = VRE2 = 3,5 V; VFE = VFElag = 0 V (TDA8808T); VFE = VFElag = 5 V (TDA8808AT); RFOC START = 3,3 kΩ; IBeq = IBgc = 50 µA (current sources); Tamb = 25 °C; all voltages measured with respect to VGND, unless otherwise speciﬁed SYMBOL Supply VP Vext Vext IQ VBeq IBeq VBgc IBgc VDEC ZDEC VHFin IHFin(p-p) ZHFin Supply voltage range External voltage range TDA8808T TDA8808AT Quiescent supply current Reference input (Beq) Input voltage level Input current Reference input (Bgc) Input voltage level Input current Decoupling input (DEC) Input voltage level Input impedance HF input (HFin) Input voltage level HF input current (peak-to-peak value) Input impedance HF part DC characteristics ∆V HFout Gain ( G1 ) = -------------------∆I HFin G1(max) G1(min) G2 Maximum gain Minimum gain AC characteristics V O1 Gain ( G2 ) = 20 log --------V O2 V O1 Gain ( G3 ) = 20 log --------V O2 Phase of input/output signal φ at 1 MHz note 3 − π/2 − rad. note 1 2 3,5 5 dB IHFin = ± 1 µA mV/µA mV/µA fHFin = 100 kHz 3 0,5 − 1 10 2 µA kΩ − 1,4 − V − − VP−1,4 2 − − V kΩ 1,15 − 1,25 −50 1,35 − V µA 500 − 560 −50 620 − mV µA VSi/RD = 0 V −5,5 VP 7,5 −5,0 10 10 0 12 12,5 V V mA 4,5 5,0 5,5 V PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT

TDA2611中文资料

Philips Semiconductors
Product speciﬁcation
5 W audio power ampliﬁer
APPLICATION INFORMATION
TDA2611A
Fig.10 Ceramic pickup amplifier circuit.
Fig.11 Total harmonic distortion as a function of output power; with tone control; − − − without tone control; in circuit of Fig. 10; typical values.
元器件交易网
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
DATA SHEET
TDA2611A 5 W audio power amplifier
Product speciﬁcation File under Integrated Circuits, IC01 November 1982
TDA2611A
6 to 35 V < typ. 1,5 A 25 mA
A.C. CHARACTERISTICS Tamb = 25 °C; VP = 18 V; RL = 8 Ω; f = 1 kHz unless otherwise speciﬁed; see also Fig. 3 A.F. output power at dtot = 10% VP = 18 V; RL = 8 Ω VP = 12 V; RL = 8 Ω VP = 8,3 V; RL = 8 Ω VP = 20 V; RL = 8 Ω VP = 25 V; RL = 15 Ω Total harmonic distortion at Po = 2 W Frequency response Input impedance Noise output voltage at RS = 5 kΩ; B = 60 Hz to 15 kHz Sensitivity for Po = 2,5 W Note 1. Input impedance can be increased by applying C and R between pins 5 and 9 (see also Figures 6 and 7). |Zi| Vn Vi Po Po Po Po Po dtot > typ. typ. typ. typ. typ. typ. < > typ. typ. < typ. 4W 4,5 W 1,7 W 0,65 W 6W 5W 0,3 % 1% 15 kHz 45 kΩ(1) 0,2 mV 0,5 mV 55 mV 44 to 66 mV

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NEWSLETTER - November 2001 Focus Queen Rania Joins Leadership Initiative

|Inside this issue The Second Youth Forum Mid Term Review Unicef Internship Programme Unicef Condemns Violence

Queen Rania Joins Leadership Initiative Her Majesty Queen Rania Al-Abdullah accepted in November to join the UNICEF Global Leadership Initiative. UNICEF Executive Director Carol Bellamy extended the invitation to Her Majesty during a meeting held with His Majesty King Abdullah II and Queen Rania in Aqaba. By accepting this invitation Queen Rania now joins global leaders such as African statesman Nelson Mandela and children's champion Graca Machel in leading a new global movement of leaders committed to changing the way the world treats children.

The Leadership Initiative spearheads the Global Movement for Children. This Movement calls upon leaders in government, the private sector, civil society, and on children and youth to work together to go beyond words and make commitments as part of a global agenda for children for the first decade of the 21st Century.

Queen Rania patronised UNICEF's Regional Youth Forum in October which brought together 70 youth from 16 countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The Queen delivered a keynote speech at the Forum's closing session saying that youth are the voice for and of change. The forum is part of the MENA region contribution to the Global Movement for Children. All these regional activities are in preparation for the UN General Assembly Special Session for Children (UNSSC) to be held in September 2001. At UNSSC countries are to review progress achieved in the past decade and agree on a future vision for children.

Global Movement for Children As part of the Global Movement for Children the UNICEF Jordan Country Office invited a broad-based coalition of influential actors, decision makers and opinion leaders from different sectors of society to form the Friends of Jordanian Children (FJC) group to advocate for the better future of Jordanian children in the 21st Century. The first meeting of the Friends of Jordanian Children group took place in September 2000 at UNICEF House in Jordan. The following is a list of members:

- Judge Taghreed Hikmat (Head of the Management Team for the Jordan Family Protection Project) - Mr. Laith Qassem (Director of the Young Entrepreneurs Association) - Dr. Ra'eda Qutob (Advisor to Her Majesty Queen Rania Al-Abdullah) - Dr. Nabil Sharif (Editor-in-Chief of Ad-Dustour Arabic Daily Newspaper) - Dr. Sima Bahous (Executive Director of Noor El-Hussein Foundation) - Ms. Suhair Al-Ali (General Manager of Citibank) - H.E. Senator Leila Sharaf - H.E. Senator Subhieh Ma'ani - Dr. Costante Muzio (UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Representative) - Ms. Zein Hayek (Social Policy Analyst/Ministry of Planning) - Mr. Frank Gillis (Director of Canada Fund)

This was the first initiative for the Global Movement for Children in the Middle East and North Africa Region. The aim is to bring about change for children within one generation in three areas: Early childhood development, quality basic education, and adolescence.

Second Youth Forum-Promoting Opportunities for Adolescents in Jordan The Second Youth Forum took place in Amman in September at Theodor Schneller School, in East Amman. Approximately 170 youth worked together for four days and came up with 10 project ideas. These projects included eliminating gender discrimination and encouraging girls' education, empowering youth and making parents more aware of youth issues. Suggestions were made on ways of developing youth skills, constructive use of free time, promoting vocational education and subsequent job seeking in non-academic profession.

Clad in UNICEF T-shirts emblazoned with the slogan "It is Our Right to Participate and Express Ourselves" girls and boys aged 14-20 years gave a perspective of young people's needs and priorities. They presented their vision and practical ideas for promoting their own participation in shaping the future and the national agenda. They did so at the Forums concluding session in the presence of Her Royal Highness Princess Basma Bint Talal, decision makers and officials working with and for youth.

Around 30 young facilitators aged 17-23 years had been trained in communication and facilitation skills.

UNICEF organised this event in co-operation with the Princess Basma Women's Resource Centre under the project title Promoting Opportunities for Adolescents in Jordan.