高考英语阅读理解九大解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解九大解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解九大解题技巧

提起英文阅读理解,很多同学是一把“辛酸泪”,生词多,读不懂;即使单词都认识,却常常还是读不懂。一旦读不懂,就会影响做题的时间和质量,今天就为大家整理了高中英语考试中阅读理解的九大题型和解题技巧,帮助你提高做题的正确率!

例证题

1.例证题的标记。当题干中出现

example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify时。

2.返回原文,找出该例证所在的位置,既给该例子定位。

3.搜索该例证周围的区域,90%向上,10%向下,找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。

注意:举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。

4.找出该论点,并与四个选项比较,得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。

5.例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是:就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳)

要求:在阅读中,遇到长的例子,立即给这个例子定位,即找出起始点,从哪开始到哪结束。

指代题

1.返回原文,找出出题的指代词。

2.向上搜索,找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不会离得太远)。

3.将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词,看其意思是否通顺。

4.将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较,找出最佳答案。

词汇题

“搜索代入”法:

①返回原文,找出该词汇出现的地方。

②确定该词汇的词性

③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往

上往下找),代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适

④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相,即答案

注意:

a.如果该词汇是简单词汇,则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。

b.高考阅读不是考察字认识不认识,而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。

c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。

d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号,分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列,也就是两句话的意思相同,所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀,特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如:让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思,我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。

▲隐蔽型词汇题:题干与原文的某句完全重合,只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样,往上往下找。

句子理解题

1.返回原文找到原句。

2.对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干),应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定,则依据上下文进行判断。注意:局部含义是由整体决定的。

3.一般来说,选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同,只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。

4.句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征:推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。

思路:对句子微观分析?不行就依据上下文?选择时不要推得过远。

推理题

“最近原则”

1.标志:learn,infer,imply,inform

2.看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位,我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。

3.依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理,若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模

一样,则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力,它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此,不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的远的要好。

4.推理题的最近答案原则:不推的要比推的好,推的近的要比推的远的好,直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)

注意:做题时不能想得太多,推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。

主旨题

“串线摘帽”:即在自然段少的时候串串线,串线法解不出来时,大帽子、小帽子摘一下。

1.主旨题的标志:mainly about,mainly discuss,the best title

2.串线法:抓首段和其余各段的第一句话,把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词,特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章,主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的)

3.小心首段陷阱。

4.主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是:

①局部信息,即选项的内容小于文章的内容;

②范围过宽,即选项的内容大于文章的内容。

5.逆向思维法、快速作文法:在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时,试着从选项出发,想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容,然后把它与文章的内容比较,接近的即为正确选项。

作者态度题

1.标志:attitude

2.应精确理解四个选项的含义。

3.不要掺杂自己的观点。

4.可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如:fortunately,excessively,toomany.

5.举例的方式。

6.抓论述的主线。把第一段读透,把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来,看整个文章的谋篇结构。

7.做作者态度题时特别注意:首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。

判断题

1.看可否通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。

2.每个选项都应返回原文,不能凭主观印象进行判断。

3.要重点抓是“三错一对”还是“三对一错”的关系(做题是要看清题目)。

细节题

看完题目回到原文,重叠原文,得出答案

重点题型中的几个问题

1.词汇题:字面意思不是答案,要根据上下文推测其深刻含义

2.句子理解题:一般不要求推理,只看句子本身。

3.推理题:答案很大程度上是原文的重现,不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。

正确答案的特征

1.正确答案经常与中心思想有关。

2.正确答案的位置,最常见的三个位置是:段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。

3.正确答案经常运用的原则是:同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。

4.从语气角度来看,正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如:can,may,might,possible,notnecessarily,some.

5.正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性,不能只见树木不见森林。

错误答案的特征

第一大层次:

①无中生有(未提及的概念);

②正反混淆(选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反);

③所答非所问(虽然选项的说法没有问题,符合原文,但和题干搭不上边)

第二大层次:

①过分绝对;

②扩大范围(注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly);

③因果倒置;

④常识判断;

⑤推得过远;

⑥偏离中心;

⑦变换词性。

常识判断:如果一个选项仅仅符合常识,不一定是正确答案,还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现;如果一个选项不符合常识,一定不是正答案。

能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了,才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。

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