高中英语作文 赢在篇章之新闻报道(科学技术)【含答案】

赢在篇章之新闻报道（科学技术）

新闻的开篇是导语部分。导语部分是用一段有趣的轶闻或者新闻中关键的事实引出整个文章的主题（Theme），使读者能够获取最具价值的信息，并有兴趣继续读下去。英语新闻的导语常占据一则新闻的第一自然段，最多不超过三个自然段，能全部或部分回答Who、What、When、Where、Why、How等问题。

正文是新闻报道的重要组成部分，其作用是补充核心人物或者对核心事件进行展开、解释和补充，或者是对导语所设悬念的解答。正文部分会采用事实、趣事、引语等各种消息来源来支持主题。我们将这种新闻结构比作“沙漏”，正文中的每一个细节就像沙漏中的沙子一样，无论文章是采用正叙还是倒叙的手法，沙漏中的沙子都是围绕导语中揭示的主题来展开的，都会落在沙漏的容器里。

结语一般比较简洁，主要作用是重申主题。

2. 解题方法；

1. 研读导语，确定中心人物或者事件，把握主题

作为新闻类文章的灵魂，导语为我们提供了丰富的解题线索。研读的时候我们不能错过任何一个细节，重点甄别Who、What、When、Where、Why、How六要素的信息点，了解新闻的主要内容。

2.直接读题，判断题目类型

在研读导语把握文章的主题后，考生无需继续阅读文章，可以直接读题干，了解题目所属类型和所需回答问题的要点和关键词，然后带着问题以关键词作为标签词到文章中查找答案。

这种先读主题和题目的方法有利于把握阅读重点，可以让考生在阅读的时候更有针对性，也比较节省时间。如果在读完导语后仍然觉得对文章的主题把握不是很准确，也可以选择再跳读后文，即各段的首尾句。

3.根据不同题型，采用不同定位方式查找信息

上文提到，高考中新闻类文章阅读理解题目类型一般分为细节题、观点推断题、指代推断题和主题归纳题。

若是细节题，了解题目所需信息是什么，再以中心人物或事件作为标签，到文章查读含有这个信息的句子，一般就能快速找到答案。而新闻文章一般只围绕一个线索来展开故事，很容易找到信息。

若是观点推断题，读题时要辨别是寻找哪一个群体对这一新闻事件的态度。然后以这一群体为标签词到文章中定位信息。通过对高考题的研究，我们发现观点推断题的信息可能是一个段落，也有可能散落在几个段落中，所以同学们在寻找时要耐心一些，找齐所有信息，进行总结概括才能找到答案。

若是指代推断题，一般只要研读围绕所要推断的词的上下文，分辨这个词所指代的内容即可。

若是主题归纳题，应重点阅读导语部分和结尾部分，了解新闻涉及的主体人物和主要事件，然后比对所给的四个选项，找出包含主体人物和主要事件的那个选项，就可以找到正确答案。

【例题】

This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles (自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.

The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley”of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.

Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property (财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel – to check email, say – the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.

“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.

Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability (法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.

An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists tha t a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.

But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say 'driverless cars', people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know –no driver.”

Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.

Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.

That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.

46. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (指代推断题)

A. A place where cars often break down.

B. A case where passing a law is impossible.

C. An area where no driving is permitted.

D. A situation where drivers' role is not clear.

47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to ______. (细节题)

A. stop people from breaking traffic rules

B. help promote fully automatic driving

C. protect drivers of all ages and races

D. prevent serious property damage

48. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars? (观点推断题)

A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.

B. It should be the main concern of law makers.

C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.

D. It should involve no human responsibility.

49. What could be the best title for the passage? (主题归纳题)

A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?

B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough

C. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!

D. Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents

步骤一：研读第一段导语，我们了解到这篇新闻的中心事件是德国交通部长Alexander Dobrindt提出了有关自主驾驶车辆的第一套规则，这套规则界定了司机在自主驾驶车辆中的角色和自主驾驶车辆在事故中如何表现，由此可知这篇文章的关键词是autonomous vehicles, the driver's role和how such cars perform in crashes。

步骤二：直接读题，分辨题目类型，逐题到文章中定位信息。

【答案】

46-49 DBDA

导学二科学技术类话题高频词汇；

1.科学技术类话题高频词汇；

科学技术类话题属于高考24个常考话题，历年真题当中也会涉及科学技术类话题的篇章命题。常用词汇包括阅读理解和完形填空常见的词汇，短语和句型。识记此类话题词汇能够帮助我们高效解答阅读理解和完形填空。

科学技术类高频词汇与短语

【答案】

导学三新闻报道类篇章分析；

1. 阅读理解；

（2019年江苏卷）

According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gig watts of electricity every year. Unfortunately, the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills (see picture) to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway, however, could help put them anywhere.

The project, called Hywind, is the world’s first large-scale deepwater wind turbine(涡轮发电机).Although it uses a fairly standard 152-ton, 2.3-megawatt turbine, Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213

feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture),a technology Hywind’s creator, the Norwegian company StatoilHydro, has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cable(缆索)；these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves. Hywind’s stability(稳定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.

To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but it’s difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spar’s to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox(变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see picture ) Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing offshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet’s surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.

小题21:The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of _______.

A．the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor

B．the spar which is floating in deep-sea water

C．the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind

D．the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface

小题22:To balance a bigger turbine high on a flatting spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting ____________.

A．on the sea floor B．on the spar top

C．at sea level D．behind the blades

小题23:Wide applications of deep water wind power technology can ____________. A．solve the technical problems of deep water windmills

B．make financial profits by producing more turbines

C．settle the arguments about environmental problems

D．explore low-carbon power resources available at sea

【】

E n-是动词前缀，通常放在名词或者形容词前面使其变成动词。例如enrich使丰富。请列出至少五个相关变式。______________, __________________,

__________________,__________________,__________________.

【答案】

本文是一篇说明类的新闻报道。文章主要介绍在深海中大规模发电的Hywind计划，这个计划主要是在深海探索低碳电力资源来服务于人类。

21. B. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中提到的The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar (see picture)，a technology…可知选择B。

22. C.细节理解题。根据第三段最后…gearbox sits at sea level…可知选项C正确

23. D.细节理解题。根据文章最后…If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet’s surface to one of th e best low- carbon power sources available.可知选项D正确。

2. 七选五；

VAR technology has been used in U, S. sports for years. Now it is fully combined with the global game of soccer and made its debut (首次亮相) at the 2018 World Cup this summer. __1__ It is actually a team who work together to review certain decisions made by the main referee (裁判)by watching video replays.

The VAR team supported the referees from a centralized video operation room. The operators selected and provided the best angles from relevant broadcast cameras plus two additional offside cameras. 2 __ They will communicate with the referee only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents. The referee can delay the restart of play at any time to communicate with the VAR team. ____3 , the referee would start an official review. Then they will make a decision based on the information received from the VAR team.

___4_ .Some fans believe that VAR causes too many interruptions, disrupting the flow of the game. But others just want a fair match and to see the correct call no matter what. They argue disruptions already take place as angry players crowd around a referee following a controversial decision. __5____ . With much money put into modern football, governing bodies are now under great pressure to see that the correct decisions are made on the pitch and VAR is a sure step in that.

A. If one team is likely to win a game

B.VAR stands for video assistant referee

C. It is hard to avoid and VAR is necessary

D. Once they decide an incident is reviewable

E. Throughout a match they are constantly checking for mistakes

F. The use of video technology is a hot topic among football watchers

G.VAR can serve to remove such scenes and get the game moving again

【篇章结构】

第一段主要内容：论述VAR应用到体育比赛中的事实。

第二段主要内容：_______________________________.

第三段主要内容：_______________________________.

(参考答案)

第二段主要内容：讲述VAR在比赛中具体使用方法。

第三段主要内容：讲述在比赛中使用VAR技术的争议。

【答案】

BEDFG

【分析】本文为应用说明文。VAR技术已在美国体育界应用多年。现在，它已与全球足球赛充分结合，并在今年夏天的2018年世界杯上首次亮相（第一次亮相）。VAR意为视频助理裁判，实际上他们通过观看录像回放，共同审查主裁判做出的某些决定并确保在球场上做出正确的决定。

【小题1】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上下文的内容可知，下一句中的＂it"指的是VAR.那么下一句就是对VAR的解释。根据下一句“实际上，这是一个团队，他们通过观看录像回放，共同审查主裁判做出的某些决定”。由此可知VAR就是帮助主裁判来做出正确的决定，即裁判助理。分析选项可知B项（VAR就是视频频助理裁判）与此句意义一致, 故选B项。

【小题2】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格后的＂他们仅限于有明显错误或严重遗漏事件时与裁判沟通”。分析选项可知，E项（在整个比赛中，他们不断地检查错误）二者的意义一致。放入文中，检测可知符合题意，故选E.

【小题3】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后的内容”裁判员将开始正式审查。然后，他们将根据从VAR团队收到的信息做出决定”。可知，是先决定审查，才会正式审查，并根据VAR的信息做出决定。分析选项可知D项（一旦他们决定可以审查事件）符合题意，故D项。

【小题4】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本题是位于段首。分析本段的内容可知，有的球迷认为VAR是对比赛的干扰，有的认为无论怎样，只要公平比赛。可知VAR 引起了人们的关注。分析选项可知F项（视频技术的使用是足球观看者们的热门话题。）与此意义一致，故选F项。

【小题5】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句＂They argue disruptions already take place as angry players crowd around a referee following a controversial decision. .最后的一句＂the correct decisions are made on the pitch and VAR is a sure step in that. "他们认为，有争议的决定之后，愤怒的球员们聚集在裁判周围，干扰发生了。要确保在球场上做出正确的决定，VAR是其中的一个可靠步骤。可判断出“就可以利用VAR的回放比赛，就可以观看比赛重新做出裁决”。故G项

3. 完形填空；

Always wished the Earth had a second moon? Then you will be 41 to hear that the Chengdu Aerospace Science Institute has plans to launch multiple mini-moons over the next few years.

Similar to our 42 satellite, the light of the artificial orb (球体)will be obtained from the sun and 43 to Earth by its mirror-like coating. According to its designers, the 44 of light being reflected can be controlled from Earth and the light can even be 45 , if necessary.

While the multiple mini moons will certainly appear picturesque, their main purpose is to conserve 46 . The Chengdu Aerospace experts claim the mini moon's dusk-like glow will allow the government to eventually 47 costly streetlights in cities. They estimate that using the artificial satellite to light up Chengdu's streets at night will 48 the city 1. 2 billion Yuan annually. Since the orbs location can be 49 moved, it could also be used to shine light over disaster-struck areas that have lost 50 .

Once the first mini moon is 51 successfully, the experts plan to launch 52 three ones. Together, the satellites, which will take turns depending on their 53 in relation to the sun, are expected to 54 an area of 3, 600 to 6, 400 square kilometers. While the orbs will be 55 through a telescope from anywhere on the globe, their real beauty will only be seen by visiting Chengdu.

Officials, 56 , believe they will be a huge tourist attraction, helping improve the city's 57 .As is often the case with major 58 , some experts are concerned. They 59 that the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals. However, officials believe the satellites will cause little, if any, 60

41. A pleased B surprised C. alarmed D. relieved

42. A. traditional B. unique C natural D. famous

43. A carried B. reflected C introduced D transformed

44. A color B speed C. source D. amount

45. A sent out B. switched off C given away D. turned down

46. A. resources B. animals C. farmland D space

47. A rebuild B expand C improve D. remove

48.A. bring B. leave C save D. cost

49.A. hardly B. easily C. frequently D normally

50.A. money B. home C contract D. power

51.A. travelling B. appearing C working D. signaling

52. A. additional B. special C. bright D. colorful

53.A.size B importance C. position D. function

54. A. pick up B take up C hold up D light up

55. A reliable B. visible C available D. testable

56. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. moreover

57.A. population B. education C technology D economy

58. A. drawbacks B. breakthroughs C. evolution D. conflict

59. A. doubt B conclude C. worry D. agree

60. A. disturbance B. destruction C. satisfaction D. discussion

【长难句分析】

1. They estimate that using the artificial satellite to light up Chengdu's streets

at night wil l save the city 1. 2 billion Yuan annually.

结构分析：_________________________________________________________;中文释义：_________________________________________________________;

2. Together, the satellites, which will take turns depending on thei r position

in relation to the sun, are expected t o light up an area of 3, 600 to 6, 400 square kilometers.

结构分析：_________________________________________________________;中文释义：_________________________________________________________;

【答案】

41.A42.C43.B44.D45.B46.A47.D 48.C49.B 50.D

51.C52.A53.C54.D55.B56.A57.D58.B59.C 60.A

【作业】

With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That’s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.

Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M’s College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.

It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.

This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit.

They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.

The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.

“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficu lt, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.

“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempti ng to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”

1. The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to _______.

A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandas

B. save endangered animals from dying out

C. collect DNA of endangered animals to study

D. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another

2. According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas

would be the lack of _______.

A. available panda eggs

B. host animals

C. qualified researchers

D. enough money

3. The best title for the passage may be _______.

A. China’s Success in Pandas Cloning

B. The First Cloned Panda in the World

C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas

D. China —the Native Place of Pandas Forever

4. From the passage we know that _______.

A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dog

B. scientists try to implant a panda’s egg into a rabbit

C. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches

D. about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century

【答案】

1-4 BACD

七选五：

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

By 2025, water shortage will be a big problem for about 1.8 billion people. In a world where water resource is increasingly short, nations cannot afford to waste it.___1__After we use water in our homes and businesses, it is washed away, and takes many valuable resources with it.

Waste water is rich in carbon and nutrients.___2___A number of nations and major cities have already built waste water treatment plants. They can effectively recover nutrients and bio energy, and produce “new water” that can be reused. But more than 80% of all waste water still currently flows into natural ecosystems, polluting the environment and taking valuable nutrients and other recoverable materials with it.

___3___This is still better than the situation in smaller cities. In Latin American countries, those living in small and medium-sized cities at most treat in the form of septic tanks(化粪池)that lack regular and proper maintenance.

Imagine that outside one of these small cities lies a lovely piece of land: on the surface it is pleasingly built and provides habitats for local wildlife. Beneath the surface is a wetland that treats waste water and produces energy. The energy produced saves families from having to use firewood collected in the wild. This is not a dream project.__4____ A team of scientists have been looking into the potential of constructed wetland environments. Having analyzed 800 examples of biomass in more than 20 countries, they found that, depending on climate and the type of plant used in the construction of this type of wetland, up to 45 hectares of land could be irrigated using waste water.___5___

A. But that is exactly what we do.

B. This can provide ready access to clean water.

C. There is no longer any good reason to waste any type of water.

D. .A “constructed wetland environment “is already in practice on a small

scale.

E. This would reduce the need for fresh water for irrigation and energy for

pumping.

F. If collected and treated properly, it could provide new water, fertilizer, and

energy.

G. .Although waste-water systems in large cities are effective, the whole

procedure usually costs much.

【答案】

1-5 AFGDE

完形填空：

The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be____1___. Solitude can be hard to discover ___2____it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have ___3____our culture.

The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) ___4____as we’ve known it. People have become so ___5____in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted ____6___they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our ___7____, but from our mobile phones as well.

Most developed nations have become ___8____on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not ___9____it would make them an outsider. ___10____, many jobs and careers require people to be ___11____. From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a ___12____to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.

I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who ___13____wants it. Computers can be shut ___14____and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected”and “ on”has many ___15____, as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up ___16____on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel ___17____and forced to answer unwanted calls or___18____to unwanted texts.

Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society ___19____ across generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like ___20____daily advancements in technology.

A．updated B．received C．shared D．colle cted

【小题2】

A．though B．until C．once D．be fore

【小题3】

A．respected B．shaped C．ignored D．preser ved

【小题4】

A．edge B．stage C．end D．b alance

【小题5】

A．sensitive B．intelligent C．considerate D．reachabl e

【小题6】A．even if B．only if C．as

if D．if only

【小题7】

A．media B．computers C．databases D．monito rs

【小题8】

A．bent B．hard C．keen D．dependent

【小题9】

A．finding B．using C．protecting D．chan ging

【小题10】

A．Also B．Instead C．Otherwise D．Some how

【小题11】

A．connected B．trained C．recommended D．intereste d

【小题12】

A．pleasure B．benefit C．burden D．disa ppointment

【小题13】

A．slightly B．hardly C．merely D．real ly

【小题14】

A．out B．down C．up D ．in

【小题15】

A．aspects B．weaknesses C．advantages D．exception s

A．hidden B．lost C．relaxed D．d eserted

【小题17】

A．trapped B．excited C．confused D．a mused

【小题18】

A．turn B．submit C．object D．reply

【小题19】

A．vary B．arise C．spread D ．exist

【小题20】

A．beyond B．within C．despite D．without

【答案】

1-5: CCBCD 6-10: ABDBA 11-15: ACDBC 16-20: BADAD