高考英语总复习非谓语动词专项讲解及练习

邑天下教育内部资料---百思课教育工场鉥心奉献

——非谓语动词

●重要知识要点突破

定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。分类：非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）

一、动词不定式

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。

1.不定式的时态及语态

时态主动被动意义例句语态

一般To do To be done与谓语动词同时

发生或以后发生I’m glad to see you.当逻辑主语是

这个不定式表

示的动作的承

受者时，须用

被动形式。如：

He asked to be

sent to work in

Tibet. This

book is said to

have been

translated into

Spanish.

进行to be

doing 表示谓语的动作

（情况）发生时，

不定式表示的动

作正在进行

He pretended to be

reading a book when I

came in

完成to have

done to have

been done

先于谓语动作发

生

We seem to have met

each other before.

完成进行to have

been

doing

先于谓语动作发

生而又延续到谓

语动作发生后

He is said to have been

studying abroad.

2.不定式的句法功能

1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。2）作表语：Her job is _______________________________. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。

3）作宾语：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

马克思认为研究俄国的形势很重要。

He gave us _________________________________________________.

他给了我们一些就如何学英语的建议。

4）作宾语补足语：______________________________________.我看到他过了街道。

______________________________________. 他被看到过了街道。5）作定语：There is nothing to worry about没有什么可担心的。

______________________________________. 你有什么东西要寄吗？

______________________________________.（你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东

西吗？

用不定式作定语的几种情况:

不定式表将来

____________________________________________________.我借了几本书在假期里读。

He was the best man to do the job他是做这项工作的最佳人选。

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是在奥运会上获得金牌的第一个女人。

Do you have _________________________________ English 你具备读、写英语的能力吗？6）作状语

A、表目的He worked day and night ____________________.为了挣钱，他日日夜夜的工作。

B、表原因

They were very sad ____________________.听到这个消息他们非常伤心。

C、表程度

It’s too dark for us ____________________.天太黑了，我们什么也看不清。

The question is ___________________________________.这道问题对他来说太容易回答了。D、作独立成分

_______________________, I don’t like the way he talked. 说实话，我不喜欢他说话的方式。

3.不定式符号to的保留问题

有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词后：expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try以及be glad/happy；would like/love等后

面。如：

I ____________________ Hong Kong，but _________________. 我没去过香港，但我想去。—I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那消息。

—Oh，you ____________________.你应该告诉他的。

4.动词不定式的几种特殊结构

1）for sb.to do 还是of sb.to do

“for+逻辑主语+不定式”结构称为不定式复合结构，介词可用for或of。当形式主语句型中的表语是形容词，来描述不定式动作时，逻辑主语之前使用for；当它描述不定式的逻辑主语，说明其品质、特征或属性时，要用of，常见形容词有good，nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，honest，kind，polite，careful，cruel，brave，crazy等。

2)too ... to结构

在英语中，“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”结构表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。

也可用so...that句型来表示，但that从句必须用否定形式。

如：你太小了，还不能理解那些事情。

____________________________________________________________

（或者）____________________________________________________________ 再次见到你我太高兴了。

____________________________________________________________

二、动名词

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

1.动名词的形式：

否定式：not+动名词

1）一般式：Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。

4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

5）否定式：not+动名词I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。

6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

2.动名词的句法功能：

1）作主语：

朗读是很有好处的。____________________________________________________

集邮很有趣。__________________________________________________________

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

争吵是没用的。____________________________________________________

2）作表语：在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。_______________________________________ 3）作宾语：他们还没有建好大坝。______________________________________________我们必须阻止空气被污染。We have to ___________________________________________ 4）作定语：他没有拐杖不能走路。______________________________________________ 5）作同位语：那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。The cave, his hiding place is secret.

三、现在分词

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

1.现在分词的形式

否定式：not+现在分词

1）现在分词的主动语态：

他们边唱边说向公园走去。____________________________________________________ 2）现在分词的被动语态：

正在被讨论的问题很重要。_______________________________________ is very important.

2.现在分词的句法功能：

1）作定语：

在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。__________________________ he worked even harder. 2）现在分词作表语：正在这家上演的电影很棒。The film __________________________ is exciting.

be+doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词作表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

3）作宾语补足语：

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。如：

你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？Can you _______________________________________？

4）现在分词作状语

A、作时间状语

(While)Working in the factory, ________________________________________. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。

B、作原因状语

__________________________, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助人。

C、作方式状语，表示伴随

He stayed at home, __________________________ 他待在家里，又擦又洗。

D、作条件状语

(If)Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

E、作结果状语

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。

F、作目的状语

He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。

G、作让步状语

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。

与逻辑主语构成独立主格

I waiting for the bus, __________________________. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。

有时也可用with (without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。

H、作独立成分

Judging from(by)his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。

四、过去分词

过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有

统一的规则要求，要一一记住。

过去分词的句法功能：

1.过去分词作定语

Those _____________ committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2.过去分词作表语: 如：窗户破了。__________________________.

注意：be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：The window is broken.（系表）

The window was broken by the boy.（被动）

有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：

boiled water（开水）fallen leaves（落叶）

newly arrived goods（新到的货）the risen sun（升起的太阳）

the changed world（变了的世界）

这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.过去分词作宾语补足语

上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。________________________________________________有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语：

工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。With the work done, they went out to play.

4.过去分词作状语

1）表示原因

______________________ the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。

2）表示时间

Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。

3）表示条件

Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。

4）表示让步

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。

Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。

五、【非谓语动词考点诠释】

考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别

英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如：

1. The children (play) __________________ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.

考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析

作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题：

1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.

A) To get B) To have got C) Getting D) Have got

考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨

非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢？请看下面例题：

1. The last bus (go)_________________, we had to walk home.

2. Weather (permit)_________________, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.

这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，请

再看下面例题：

3. The work (finish) _______________, they may go home.

4. The problem (discuss) ___________ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.

考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握

非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行)；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如：

____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.

A) Heard B) Having heard C) Hear D) To hear

考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变

非谓语动词（动词不定式或动名词）作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题：

1. It is an honour for me (be) __________________ your English teacher.

2. It is no use of us (wait) __________________ at home like this.

考点六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断

非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态；用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。例如：

1. The boy (cry)_ ________________ over there is my younger brother.

【非谓语动词专项练习题】

（）1.、Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.

A. enter

B. to enter

C. entering

D. entered

（）2、He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.

A. to hope

B. hope

C. hoping

D. hoped

（）3、He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.

A. practice

B. to practice

C. practicing

D. practised

（）4、Before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English.

A. improve

B. to improve

C. improving

D. to improving

（）5.、He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.

A. doing

B. to do

C. being doing

D. to be done

（）6.、All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.

A. devoted to do

B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing

D. is devoted to doing

（）7.、Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.

A. you fly

B. your flight

C. flight

D. flying

（）8.、Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.

A. to work, to do

B. to working, to doing

C. to work, to doing

D. to working, to do

（）9.、Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.

A. to buy

B. buying

C. on buying

D. in buying

（）10.、“Do you have anything more ______, sir?”

“No. You can have a rest or do something else.”

A. typing

B. to be typed

C. typed

D. to type

（）11.、I don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.

A. to be heard

B. to be hearing

C. to hear

D. to have heard

（）12、_____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.

A. Tiring; to admire

B. Being tired; admiring

C. Tired; to admire

D. Tired; admiring

（）13.、Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth .

A. run

B. running

C. being run

D. to run

（）14.、He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put

B. to be put

C. to put

D. putting

（）15、_____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.

A. Having stolen

B. Having been stolen

C. Stolen

D. Stealing

（）16.、To answer correctly is more important than _____.

A. that you finish quickly

B. finishing quickly

C. to finish quickly

D. finish quickly

（）17.、You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.

A. to be advertised

B. advertised

C. advertise

D. advertising

（）18.、The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.

A. to have discovered

B. to have been discovered

C. to discover

D. having been discovered

（）19、—— Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?

——Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.

A. to change; to be

B. to change; being

C. changing; being

D. changing; to be

（）20.、Mr. Green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.

A. to do

B. to have done

C. to be doing

D. to have been doing

（）21、Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.

A. prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. having prepared

（）22、I walked out of the cinema, I'd never come back to this hell of a place.

A. determining

B.decided

C.to determine

D.to decide

（）23、Every time he had a chance，he would talk about the great difficulty he had in the new country.

A.settled

B.settling C .to settle D.settle

（）24、There was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise.

A.following

B.to follow

C.followed

D.followed by

（）25、in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games, the little girl Lin Miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world.

A.Dressed

B.Worn

C.Dressing

D.Wearing

（）26、The problems at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve.

A.discussed

B.to discuss

C.to be discussed

D.discussing

（）27、When why he behaved that way at table，he made no reply.

A.being asked

B. asked

C.asking

D.to ask

（）28、，Mom had a cup of coffee and a few minutes’ rest.

A.With her housework done

B.With her housework being done

C.With her housework doing

D.With her housework to do

（）29、The manager introduced the rules that she would like to see _______ the next year.

A. establish

B. establishing

C. established

D. to establish

（）30、_____ in thought completely, he didn’t even know what was going on.

A. Losing

B. Lost

C. Having lost

D. Having been lost