考研英语阅读理解.doc

考研英语阅读理解.doc
考研英语阅读理解.doc

考研英语:阅读理解之八大考点

语言技能:阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超

过所读材料总词汇量的3%),还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产

品介绍等。对所读材料,考生应能:

1)理解主旨要义(主题题)

2)理解文中的具体信息(细节题)

3)理解文中的概念性含义(细节推理题)

4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申(推理题)

5)根据上下文推测生词的词义(词汇题)

6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间(篇章结构题)的关系

7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度(态度题)

8)区分论点和论据(例证题)

该部分主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义,进行有关的判断、推理和

引申,根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1600词)文章的内容,从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案,共20小题,每小题2分,共40分

一、攻克主旨要义题——提问文章的主题思想(中心大意)或标题

1.提问方式:

1)直接提问(Main idea型)

The text intends to express the idea that. . .

We can draw a conclusion from the text that. . .

What is the passage mainly about?

The passage is mainly.

From the passage we learn that. . .

The passage is mainly about. . .

he key point of the passage is that. . .

This passage mainly deals with. . .

The main point the author makes in the passage is.

What does this passage mainly discuss?

The general/ main/ central idea of the passage is.

The passage is primarily concerned with. . .

2)给文章定标题

The best title for the text may be. . .

Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?'

A best title for the passage could be.

A best title for the passage might be.

This passage can be entitled. . .

3)提问写作目的( Purpose型)

The article is written to explain.

The purpose of the passage is.

This passage is intended to…

2.解题技巧:

1)从文章本身出发,归纳文章中心思想(主题思想)

①.重点读文章的首段开头部分,看开头部分是否有主旨句,如果文章中有这样的主旨句,

那么再看四个选择项,如其中一项所含的信息同主旨句中的信息相似,该项即为正确

答案

②.重点读各段的开头和结尾,找各段的主题句,四个选项中能涵盖文章各段内容的一项,

就是正确答案

③.浏览全文,明确文章的"中心议题",留意文中与其相关的关键词句。正确答案的"

中心议题"与关键词应与文章中的相一致

④.注意首段末句或二段转折连词后面的内容,有的作者喜欢“先列出传统观点或自己反

对的观点,然后再进行转折否定

⑤.若文章主题句或各段落主题句不好找时,注意作者叙述较多或强调较多的事物及观

点,其很可能是作者讨论的核心

2)寻找主题句或者主题词

1.寻找主题句

①.主题句的特征

a)主题句通常是一个概括总结性的结论或判断

②.主题句的位置

a)出现在文章首段首句

b)出现在文章首段的转折处

c)出现在文章开头现象结束处

2.寻找主体词

①.在主题句中出现

②.在首段中多次出现

③.在全文中多次出现

④.在题干中多次出现

3)从选项本身出发,排除各大干扰选项

①.根据选项关键词回文定位,看选项表意是否与原文一致,若不一致,则直接排除,正

确选项中应该包含主体词或其同义替换

②.以偏概全:若选项表意与原文相符,则看该层含义是否一直贯穿全文,如只涉及文章

中某一细节或某一段落的内容,不能概括整个文章的中心思想,属于以偏概全予以排除,正确选项不能是描述细节(范围过小)

③.过度概括:概括的范围太大、太笼统,超出了文章阐述的部分,属于归纳过头,正确

选项不能包含无依据的信息(范围过大)

④.故意歪曲:与原文表达的意思相反或相悖

⑤.胡乱联系。虽涉及文章的中心议题,但却是文章中根本没有提及的、方面

⑥.若难以将选项与原文匹配,则从选项观点出发,思考如果想要论述这一观点,文章应

该围绕什么去写,涵盖哪些内容。然后,再据此去对比文章内容是否与此相符,进行

判断

二、攻克具体信息题(事实细节题)——提问文章主题有关的事实或细节;找准题干关键词,回文定位寻一致

1.提问方式:

具体信息题即事实细节题,根据文中的具体内容、信息进行提问,是考研英语一中所占比重最大的阅读题型。题干明确提到时间、地点、人物或事实等细节信息或者题干

和选项之间存在一种因果关系。

2..解题技巧:

该题型的解题技巧非常简单,即根据原文关键词回文定位,找寻与原文表意一致的选项。

一般而言,正确选项的特征为“原文再现”、“同义替换”或“同义转述”。

紧扣题干,抓住题干中隐含的“导向词”(暗示考生命题人要求什么样的信息)

关注特殊句式(双重否定,倒装句式,强调句),正确选项往往是对这些句子的同义改述理清文中涉及各主体之间的关系,排除偷换概念和强加关联的选项

细节背后必有主线,关注细节的同时不忘主线

特殊句式(否定句、比较句、倒装句)时命题人眼中的天然陷阱(命题人会用反向干扰、夸大其词、偷换概念等)

选择时需要重神似而轻形式:正确选项为了隐蔽不会直接采用原文,而是进行概括或替

换;错误的选项为了干扰,反而会和原文貌似一致

三、

四、

五、

六、

七、

八、

二、

三、攻克概念含义题——;先找解释说明句,若无再依语境断

1.提问方式:

①By saying “…”, the author means that…

②The sentence“…”(Line…, Para. …) shows that…

2.解题技巧:

①概念含义题考查对句子的理解,大多不能通过分析语法直接得出。不过,该句后面往往会

有对其进行进一步解释说明的句子或举例,可以结合后面内容进行推断。

②文章中的句子并不是孤立的,而是服务于某一主旨的,即其会受到文章主旨、段落中心句

和相邻句子的影响或制约。因此,可以将选项表意代入文中进行判断,看其是否符合上下文

语境。

四、攻克推理引申题——提问文章中没有用文字直接表达但暗含的观点

一般来说,推理题可以分为:细节型推理、段落型推理题,全文型推理题,

常考出题点:段落首末句、主题句、观点句;与主题密切相关的细节;转折、强调、递

进关系的地方。

1.提问方式:

①.It can be inferred from Paragraph…that…/Which of the following can be inferred from the

passage?

②.The author implies that…/What is implied in…?

③.It can be concluded from the passage that…/We can conclude from the article that…

④.According to the text, which of the following is (NOT) TRUE?

⑤.It can be learned from paragraph….that….

⑥.Which of the following is suggested in the …paragraph.

⑦.infer,learn,imply,conclude,suggest,indicate等出现在题干中,可基本判定其为推理题

2.解题技巧:

(1)解题方法:

①.首先理解文章的字面意义,弄清上下文的逻辑关系

②.注意作者遣词造句的特点,了解其含蓄的意义

③.明白作者想让我们推断什么

④.利用文章中明确叙述的内容进行推理,挖据作者的隐含意思

⑤.切勿妄加评论,以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

(2)深谙推理原则:

①.推理时只能根据文章提供的内容或证据进行推理,不能受常识、个人经验等干扰

②.推理时只能根据文章提供的内容或证据进行一步推理,不能一推到底,过度推理

③.推理时不能用特殊情况去推

④.推理时若无从下手,可考虑对原文内容进行概括总结,找中心主题

(3)熟记错误选项特征:

①.与原文表意一模一样,即对原文内容的简单重复,不用推理即可得出的选项是错误选项

②.选项中出现never,no one,nobody,absolutely,completely,entirely,always,everyone等表意过于

绝对的词一般不是正确选项

③.符合常识,但与文章所提供的内容或证据不符,或与原文内容无关的选项是常识干扰项

④.用词与原文一致,但表意与原文不同,即利用同一词汇的不同含义制造的词汇干扰选项

⑤.选项内容与原文意思相反,即反向干扰

⑥.文章根本没有提及,纯属主观臆测的结论,即无中生有或望文生义

(4)熟记正确选项特征:

①.一般为同义改写、转述,归纳总结

②.细节服从主旨

③.转折处和语法现象经常设置推理

④.语气相对缓和:may

(5)实质:考研推理题本质上还是一种同义改写,推理通常为正反推理和归纳总结

(6)解题原则

①.细节服从主旨,论据依附于论点

②.推理必须以原文为依据,切不可主观推理

③.特别关注转折处

五、攻克生词词义题——提问文章中某一超纲单词、短语或某一句子的意义

1.提问方式:

①The word“…”(Line…,Para.…)might mean…/The word/phrase“…”(Line…, Para.…)…probably means…

②In Paragraph…,“…”probably refers to…/ In Paragraph…,“…”probably stands for…

2.解题技巧:

(1)根据词汇本义来判断熟词辟义

①根据本义去引申

②结合上下文语境来判断

③将各选项代入原文,看哪个选项代入后符合原文逻辑

④优先排除表面意思

(2)多角度猜测超纲词词义

①利用构词法来推断。

②利用与其并列的词或短语进行推断

③利用同位语从句或解释说明的句子进行推断

④利用作者对其的态度(是褒?是贬?)进行判断

(3)对于此类题的解答可采用策略:

①先从关键词所在句找线索,看有没有"逻辑关系词"或"标点符号"表明该词和句中另一词存

在"同义/近义"或"反义"关系(转折词but/ despite/ in spite of 等表示语义后句;并列词、递进词and/a1so/even/indeed等表示语义同向;括号、冒号、破折号则往往表示解释说明/同义或近义) ;

②再从下文找线索: (与句内关系类似)句间转折词表"反向"指向反义词;并列、递进、以及大

多数情况下的无逻辑词表"同向"、寻找同义词/近义词/上下义词;

③结合两线索,确定选项(注:构词法可用于辅助推测)

④干扰选项的特征:对字面意思的肤浅理解

六、攻克语篇结构题——熟悉常见结构类型,结合衔接词及上下文判断

1.提问方式:

①What do you think precedes this text?/ What do you think follows this text?

②The author uses the example of…to argue/exemplify/discuss…

2.解题技巧:

①该题型在与考查是否理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系,因此做本题时需要联系

上下文进行推断。

②熟悉考研英语阅读文章的常见结构类型。比如,“提出传统观点—批判传统观点—提出自己

观点”、“描述具体例子—得出自己观点”、“提出自己观点—举例例证观点—再次重申观点”、“提出问题—分析原因—解决问题”、“描述现象—导致后果—提出建议”、“引出事物—分析利弊—总结陈述”等等。

③熟记表示逻辑衔接关系的词语,如表示并列递进的and,moreover,furthermore等,表示转折关系的but,however,rather,nevertheless,otherwise等,表示因果关系的so,since,consequently, therefore等等,表示归纳总结的to conclude,to sum up,in brief等等。

④遇到具体的文章时,先整体分析该文章主要论述什么内容,其结构类型是什么,寻找表示

逻辑关系的词语,结合上下文来推断试题答案

七、攻克观点态度题

提问文章中作者或文章中某一个人物的意图、观点或态度;文章主旨不可偏,正选排除两

结合

1.提问方式:

①.The author's attitude towards…seems to be…

②.How does the author feels about…?

③.The author thinks/suggests/believes that…

④.The author believes/holds that…….

⑤.Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards.. . ?

⑥.The' author has holds a(an) attitude towards.……

s…

⑦.Accordìng to the passage, the word/statement that best expresses the author's attitude

⑧.ln the author's opinion ...

⑨.According to the author . . .

⑩.The tone of the passage can best be described as.

?.What is the tone/ mood of the passage?

2.解题技巧:

①寻找原文中明显带有感情色彩的词汇(形容词为主),结合文章主题来判断

②若出现indifferent,uninterested,impassive,confused,subjective,biased,prejudiced,perplexed, puzzle,contemptuous,subjective等词汇可以直接排除

③若出现过于绝对的词汇,如strong,entire,complete等词汇可考虑排除

④根提备选答案中经常提供的字眼作为线索,仔细体会作者的态度、观点。一般来说,选项

大致有三种:

a)褒义词: positive (积极的,肯定的),optimistic (乐观的),useful ( 有益的),admiring

(敬佩的),interesting (有趣的),instructive (有教育意义的) , enthusiasm (热情),supportive(支持),approval (赞同)等

b)贬义词:negative(消极的,否定的),pessimistic(悲观的),subjective(主观

的) ,disappointed (失望的),frustrated (沮丧的),critical (批评的),dissatisfied (不满的),biased (有偏见的),satirical (讽刺的),tolerant (容忍的),puzzling (令人费解的),suspicious,skepitical(怀疑的),gloomy(令人沮丧的,忧郁的),scared(害怕的),cynical(愤世嫉俗的) ,opposition (反对),disgust (厌恶)等

c)中性词: objective (客观的),impartial (不偏不倚的,公正的),indifferent (漠不关心

的),impassive (冷漠的),uninterested (不感兴趣的),neutral (中立的),cautions(谨

慎的),humorous (幽默的),apathetic (无动于衷的), disinterested (公正的,无私的),sensitive (敏感的)

⑤若三个选项都带有同一感情色彩(如贬义),而剩余一个选项的感情色彩与之明显不同(如

中立或褒义),则选择后者

⑥当作者态度没有明确给出时,关注

a)感情色彩强烈的词

b)文章首末段,特别是末段

c)转折处

d)情态动词后的内容:should、would、must

八、攻克论点论据题(例证题,局部主题题)

1.提问方式:

本类试题考查同学们区分论点和论据的能力。所谓论点,就是某一观点,而论据即用于

证明该观点的内容例子。因此,题干中常出现example,case,illustrate,support,demonstrate,to show,to…等词

2.解题技巧:

①解答此类题的关键是清楚作者重点在于描述什么,用什么来证明所描述的内容。因此在解

答此类试题时也应清楚文章或段落的主旨

②使用举例论证的文章常出现for example,such as等词汇,这些词汇前面的内容常为论点,

后面内容为论据

③有些文章喜欢先给出事实,后面再总结自己的观点,此类文章前者为论据,后者为论点

④若前面有完整的句子,后面引用某人的话语,则前者为论据,后者为论点

⑦例证是为论点服务,例子(论据)本身不重要,重要的是例子所支持的观点(论点)是什

么,例子是为观点和结论服务的,寻找到例子对应的观点和结论,通常往上或者往下寻找,观点或结论也可以在本句中,要重点把握例子所在段落主旨

⑧干扰选项的特征:就事论事,谈例子本身,而不谈论点;自我总结

⑨正确选项的特征:表达论点的选项

错误选项特征

词汇干扰偷换概念曲解文意

反向干扰过度推理以偏概全

细节干扰过度概括因果倒置

常识干扰无中生有绝对化用词

无关干扰张冠李戴非最佳答案

正确选项特征

合理推断同义转述原文再现

合理概括同义替换

考研英语:阅读理解之阅读技巧

is regarded as,is viewed as, is seen as, is assumed as, is perceived as, is though as(to be)

深层内涵:暗指该句只是在介绍惯有的观点和看法,作者很可能并不认同,将在后文提

出反驳,遇到这类表达应在随后的阅读中保持警惕

normally,traditionally,conventionally,regularly,commonly等词强调“正常情形和传统情形”,预示下文会转折指出作者更为关注的“特殊情形,新奇情形”

读题干时重点把握

1.找到题干的定位信息词(唯一性):时间、年代、地点、数字、人名、地名、专有名词、

of结构、形容词、副词(同义改写,词性变换,指示代词)

2.建立题干之间的联系

3.预测文章内容,推测题目答案:当某个概念被多次提及时,可能与文章主题中心或与

主题重要相关的内容

4.回文定位得出答案

选项中如果有比较级,不作为正确选项

理解句子间的逻辑关系:

1.并列关系:同义重现

2.转折关系:反义复现

指代(代词)的一般原则

1.就近原则

2.前句主语

3.前句讨论的主要对象,或者整个段落的核心话题

4.注意主谓一致原则(单复数)

注意情态动词要和形容词所传达的作者的态度观点

句子中分号表示了前后语义上的并列,即后面部分是对前面部分的解释和说明。

冒号后面的内容与中心思想密切相关,需要重点关注

当四个选项中包含有两个意思互为相反的选项时,正确选项往往在两者之一,即一个为正确选择,另外一个为反向干扰

考研阅读理解核心原则

1.细节服从主旨

2.优先选择与中心思想最相关的选项

当题目涉及作者的观点时,需关注所在段落所隐藏的作者情感

长难句分析

(一)第一步:找连词

1.从属连词:when,where…that

2.并列连词:and,or,but…that

3.前后并列相同关系

4.从后往前,找并列关系

(二)第二步:找动词

(三)第三步:找介词(介词结构和to do)

1.做定语

2.做状语

3.做补语

Seem含有不确定和些许否定之意,在议论文该词往往隐含作者真实的观点,类似的词还有sound、look、suppose、appear

选项中有比较级的时候往往是干扰选项

分号前后是并列关系,可用对于成分分析法解题

选项中有两个意思相反的时候往往有一个是正确答案

考研英语:阅读理解之猜词生词词义的技能

一、利用上下文线索猜测生词

(一)重述

1.作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清楚,通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行

解释,这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开,或用信号词引导

2.常见的信号词有:or , namely, that is , in other words , that is to say , to be more exact , to put

in anotherway 等等

3.例子:

Vandalism,that is,the senseless destruction of other people's property,seemsto have become part of modern life , and , at the same time, we have come to accept mugging, in other words, robbery with violence in our streets , as a common danger.

4.在这段文字中,that is之后是对vandalism的重述,由此可知vandalism意为"肆意破坏他人财产的行为"。in other words之后是对mugging的重述,也可得知mugging的意思为"在大街上实施暴力抢劫"

(二)定义

1.作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义,尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与

专业内容相关的文章中,定义解释作者所用词的准确含义

2.常使用信号词,如i. e. , is , are , is/ are called , mean , refer to , known as 等等

3.例子:

The animals whose temperature is regulated by internal metabolic process are called endotherms and those whose temperature is regulated , and who get most of their heat from the environment are called ectotherms.

4.信号词are called 引导出对endotherms和ectotherms的定义。可知,"通过体内代谢调节体温的动物"叫做endotherms,即"恒温动物" ; "由环境调节体温的动物"叫做ectotherms,即"冷血动物,变温动物"

(三)举例

1.作者常常会通过对某一难词给出具体的例子,帮助读者理解该词的词义

2.举例常用的号词有: such as, such....as , for example , for instance , like , including , especially

3.例子:

This cheap form of power that is brought into our homes so easily,operates such modern

amenities as lighting, air-conditioning, refrigeration, television and power tools.

4.据such... as之后的举例:照明、空调、冰箱、电视等,可知amenities为"家用电器"之意

(四)同义词或近义词

1.在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中,作者为了避免语言的单调、重复,有时会使用意思

相同或相近的词。因此,考生只要读懂上下文,知道其中一个词的意思,就能猜出另外

一个词的意思

2.例子:

Most of us feel upset if we miss just one meal , and if we tried to g o without food for 12 hours we would really be uncomfortable. But there are some people who seem able to "fast"for very long periods.

3.fast此处并非其常用的意义。根据上下文可知,它在此处是动词,并与go without food 同

(五)反义词

1.有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子,这时就可根据反

义词线索猜测词义

2.表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有: (whether). . . or, unlike , but, yet, however , while,

although , nevertheless, instead , rather than, in contrast , on the contrary, on the other hand

3.例子:

①.Even though some genetic mutations may be useful under certain circumstances,most are

unconditionally deleterious in all existing environments.根据表示转折关系的信号词even though可判断deleterious与useful是反义词,意思为"有害的"

②.Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed , and whether

the sound is continuous or intermittent.根据信号词whether…or可判断intermittent和continuous意思相反,意思为"间歇的,断断续续的"

二、根据语法知识猜测词义

1.在英语句子中,同位语或同位语从句、定语从句等都起着解释说明、补充或限定的作用,

因此也能提供猜测词义的线索

2.例子

①.The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s , when they discovered that oncogenes,

which are cancer-causing genes , are inactive in normal cells.定语从句解释oncogcnes,即"致癌基因"

②.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which

today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be.Third Wave infrastructure (第三浪潮基础设施)在此是一专业术语,到底是什么意思,果没有后面的定语从句的解

释,很难理解。根据定语从句,它指的是"电子基础设施"

③.The purpose of the campaign was to catch " ringers" , students who take test for other students

同位语解释了ringers的意思,即"冒名顶替者"

三、根据标点符号猜测词义

1.标点符号常常也可成为各种猜测线索的信号,如:逗号可帮助读者寻找重述线索;逗号、破

折号、括号后面的内容通常对前面的词进行补充、解释、说明等

2.例子:

①.Luck's pretentious manner,standing up and shouting at Sue that he should be running the

meeting just to give her a bad time, didn't win him any friends.作者在逗号后以"站起来对Sue 大喊要主持会议,借此对Sue发难"为例,具体说明Luke的pretentious manner,据此可猜出它的意思是"自命不凡的架势"

②.A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide一the division of the

world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. digital divide 是个新词,其准确意义在破折号后得到解释,即"世界被分化为信息富裕和信息贫穷两部分"。而info在后面的括号中也得到解释,即information (信息)

③.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive:

an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning , a cigarette for the nerves.冒号后的例子:阿司匹林去头痛、葡萄酒助社交、清晨一杯咖啡开始工作、抽根香烟放松神经,这些都是很常见的事。由此可判断,pervaslve与widespread意思相近,意为"普及的,遍布的"。

④.Downshifting一also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"一has,ironically,even bred a

new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism.破折号后解释了downshifting的意思:在美国也叫做voluntary simplicity ,即"自愿返瑛归真"

四、根据上下文逻辑推测词义

1.有时单词所在的上下文中没有明显的解释说明性线索,这时可根据上下文的逻辑关系进

行推理,以确定某一难词或短语的意义

2.例子:

A friend of mine was in low spirits one day.He usually dealt with this state of mind by

avoiding people until the mood passed. But on this day he had an important meeting with his boss , so he decided to p ut on a fatse front. During the meeting he smiled , joked and played the part of a happy , good-natured person. To his surprise , he soon discovered he was no longer depressed.

3.从上下文可知,他虽情绪低落,但因为重要会议,不得不"佯装高兴"

五、根据构词法推测词义

1.英语中的许多词汇,特别是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的。因此,掌握主要

的构词法有助于猜测词义

六、根据常识或背景知识猜测词义

赠送以下资料

考试知识点技巧大全

一、考试中途应饮葡萄糖水

大脑是记忆的场所,脑中有数亿个神经细胞在不停地进行着繁重的活动,大脑细胞活动需要大量能量。科学研究证实,虽然大脑的重量只占人体重量的2%-3%,但大脑消耗的能量却占食物所产生的总能量的20%,它的能量来源靠葡萄糖氧化过程产生。

据医学文献记载,一个健康的青少年学生30分钟用脑,血糖浓度在120毫克/100毫升,大脑反应快,记忆力强;90分钟用脑,血糖浓度降至80毫克/100毫升,大脑功能尚正常;连续120分钟用脑,血糖浓度降至60毫克/100毫升,大脑反应迟钝,思维能力较差。

我们中考、高考每一科考试时间都在2小时或2小时以上且用脑强度大,这样

可引起低血糖并造成大脑疲劳,从而影响大脑的正常发挥,对考试成绩产生重

大影响。因此建议考生,在用脑60分钟时,开始补饮25%浓度的葡萄糖水100毫升左右,为一个高效果的考试加油。

二、考场记忆“短路”怎么办呢?

对于考生来说,掌握有效的应试技巧比再做题突击更为有效。

1.草稿纸也要逐题顺序写草稿要整洁,草稿纸使用要便于检查。不要在一大张纸上乱写乱画,东写一些,西写一些。打草稿也要像解题一样,一题一题顺着序

号往下写。最好在草稿纸题号前注上符号,以确定检查侧重点。为了便于做完

试卷后的复查,草稿纸一般可以折成4-8块的小方格,标注题号以便核查,保留清晰的分析和计算过程。

2.答题要按先易后难顺序不要考虑考试难度与结果,可以先用5分钟熟悉试卷,合理安排考试进度,先易后难,先熟后生,排除干扰。考试中很可能遇到

一些没有见过或复习过的难题,不要蒙了。一般中考试卷的题型难度分布基

本上是从易到难排列的,或者交替排列。

3.遇到容易试题不能浮躁遇到容易题,审题要细致。圈点关键字词,边审题边画

草图,明确解题思路。有些考生一旦遇到容易的题目,便觉得心应手、兴奋异

常,往往情绪激动,甚至得意忘形。要避免急于求成、粗枝大叶,防止受熟题

答案与解题过程的定式思维影响,避免漏题,错题,丢掉不该丢的分。

4.答题不要犹豫不决选择题做出选择时要慎重,要关注题干中的否定用词,对

比筛选四个选项的差异和联系,特别注意保留计算型选择题的解答过程。当试

题出现几种疑惑不决的答案时,考生一定要有主见,有自信心,即使不能确定

答案,也不能长时间犹豫,浪费时间,最终也应把认为正确程度最高的答案写

到试卷上,不要在答案处留白或开天窗。

5.试卷检查要细心有序应答要准确。一般答题时,语言表达要尽量简明扼要,填

涂答题纸绝不能错位。答完试题,如果时间允许,一般都要进行试卷答题的复

查。复查要谨慎,可以利用逆向思维,反向推理论证,联系生活实际,评估结

果的合理性,选择特殊取值,多次归纳总结。

另外,对不同题型可采用不同的检查方法。选择题可采用例证法,举出一两例

来能分别证明其他选项不对便可安心。对填空题,则一要检查审题;二要检查思路是否完整;三要检查数据代入是否正确;四要检查计算过程;五要看答案是否合题意;六要检查步骤是否齐全,符号是否规范。还要复查一些客观题的答案有无

遗漏,答案错位填涂,并复核你心存疑虑的项目。若没有充分的理由,一般不

要改变你依据第一感觉做出的选择。

6、万一记忆短路可慢呼吸考试中,有些考生因为怯场,导致无法集中精神,

甚至大脑忽然一片空白,发生记忆堵塞。此时不要紧张,不妨尝试如下方式:

首先是稳定心态,保持镇静,并注意调节自己的呼吸率。先慢吸气,当对自己

说放松时缓慢呼气,再考虑你正在努力回忆的问题,如果你仍不能回想起来,就暂时搁下这道题,开始选做其他会的试题,过段时间再回过头来做这道题。

第二,积极联想。你不妨回忆老师在讲课时的情景或自己的复习笔记,并努力

回忆与发生记忆堵塞问题有关的论据和概念,把回忆起的内容迅速记下来,然后,看能否从中挑出一些有用的材料或线索。

第三,进行一分钟自我暗示。即根据自己的实际,选择能激励自己,使自己能

心情平静和增强信心的话,在心中默念3至5遍。比如:我已平静下来,我能够考好、我有信心,一定能考出理想的成绩等等。

第四,分析内容,查找相关要点。借助试卷上其它试题,也许会给考生提供某

些线索。因此不要轻易放弃,查看试题中的相关要点,看看是否能给考生提供

线索或启发。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学 Passage 18(Doctor-assisted Suicide:Is It Ever an Option?) Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient,the doctor,and nature in these situations. Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain,those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies,for example,nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces. What role should the doctor have? Doctors,when taking the Hippocratic oath,swear to preserve life at all costs,and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick,and in the cases when healing is not possible,then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime,and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also,by virtue of their humanness,capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say,for instance,that a cancer patient was terminal,and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs. The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another’s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws,but to break divine 1aws as well. These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance,patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment,and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment,so they shouldn’t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible,and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life,they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide. I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of

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考研英语长难句突破讲义 适用对象:考研学子,四级,六级英语学习或相当者。 课程目的:打破英语阅读学习的幻觉,真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户,人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。 课程安排:方法论讲解;难句解析;考试实战演练 第一部分方法论讲解 引子我们为什么要精读句子 1.精读能力的要求(消除障碍的阅读) 自由笔记区目标:准确【重要】精读 2.泛读能力的要求(广泛获取信息的阅读) 目标:快速 技能:高职 阅读的实际过程是什么知识:本科 Input(英文)-mind(句子层面)-output(中文)思维:研究生 思想:博士 阅读在句子层面的障碍 1.含义 2.语序 简单句的障碍来源 简单句:只有一套谓语的句子 基本句型包括:主+谓,主+谓+宾,主+谓+双宾,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+系+表 定语,状语,同位语,插入语 简单句的障碍识别及处理方法 定语:在句子中修饰名词的成分problem-定义-细化-solution(思维方式) 前置定语:adj+名词 后置定语: 形容词短语:形容词+介词+名词this is a book useful for your future Ving a woman walked on the road Ved a painting painted by Jane n. + to do a way to solve the problem 介词短语:介词+名词a bottle of water on the table 表语形容词:alive a cat alive 解决方案:前置P.S:I want to be part of something big. Something属于不定代词。 【不定代词定语置后】 定语从句(不属于简单句范畴) 关系代词:人称代词:who whom which that as +非完整句 引导词物主代词:whose +完整句

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译

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