英语语法试题
2.be 的用法口诀
我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它；
单数名词用is，复数名词全用are.
变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃
变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记
疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑
3.时间名词前所用介词的速记歌
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行
遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in.
要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行
午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错
at也用在明分前，说差可要用上to，
说过只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，
莫让岁月空蹉跎
4.可数名词的复数变化规律[1]：
名词复数有规律，一般词尾加s;
辅音字母+y型，变y为i,es;
ch,sh真有趣，s,x,es;
f,fe真小气，字母v来把它替，es在后别忘记；
字母o来真神奇，有生命来es,没有生命+s.
5.可数名词复数特殊变化规律[2]：
中日好友来聚会，
绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。
男士、女士a变e；
牙（齿）、脚双o变双e;
孩子们想去天安门，
原形后面r、e 、n;
老鼠本来爱大米，
mice,ice和rice.
注：中Chinese,日Japanese，好友people.
绵羊sheep,鹿deer,鱼fish （这些单词单复数一样）man--men woman--women tooth--teeth foot--feet child--children mouse--mice
6.一般现在时态
（一）
I、we、you、they作主语，
动词原形后面跟；
否定句，更容易，
动词前面加don't;
疑问句，别着急，
句首Do，来帮你，
后面问号别忘记；
肯定回答用Yes,
I、we、you、they加上do;
否定回答要用No, I、we、you、they加don't.
（二）
主语三单他、她、它，
动三形式后面压，
词尾一般s加；
辅音字母+y型，
变y为i,es;
ch,sh真有趣，
s,x,es;
三个特殊那里去？
has、goes和does;
否定句，记住它，
动词前面doesn't;
疑问句，别着急，
句首Does，来帮你;
肯定回答用Yes,
he、she、it加does;
否定回答要用No,
he、she、it、doesn't;
Does、doesn't来帮你，
后面动词定注意，
恢复原形要切记。
7.记住f（e）结尾的名词复数
妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；
躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光
九个以-f(e)结尾的名词。wife（妻子）、knife（刀子）、wolf （狼）、thief（小偷）、shelf（架子）、self（自己）、life （生命）、half（一半）、leaf（树叶）中点出了七个，即thief、wife、knife、leaf、wolf、half和life。
这些名词以-f(e)结尾变复数时，将-f(e)变v再加es。还有以-self结尾的反身代词复数用法也同样，如:myself-ourselves. yourself-yourselves.
例外的有serf（农奴）、chief（首领）、belief（信仰）、safe （保险柜）、gulf（海湾），它们以直接加-s变为复数形式，另外handkerchief可用两种复数形式。handkerchiefs或handkerchieves.
8.巧记48个国际音标
单元音共十二，四二六前中后
双元音也好背，合口集中八个整
辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，
四个连对也包括有气无声清辅音，
有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握
9.非谓语动词的一些特殊用法：
后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词动词后，不定式，want，hope和wish，
agree，decide，mean，manage，promise，
expect，pretend，且说两位算在此，
要记牢，要记住，掌握它们靠自己
后接动词不定式做宾语补足语，
省略不定式符号to的一些常用特殊动词
一些动词要掌握，have，let和make，
此三动词是使役，注意观察听到see，
还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，
后接宾补略去to，此点千万要牢记
除此之外，还可以掌握八字言
一感feel，二听hear，listen to，三让have，let，make，四看see，look at，observe，watch
后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词
特殊动词接动名，使用它们要记清，
放弃享受可后悔，
坚持练习必完成，
延期避免非介意
掌握它们今必行
10.动名词在句中的功能及其它
动名语法其功能，名词特征有动形，主宾表定都可作，动名现分要认清，现分不作宾和主，
动名作状可不行二词皆可作定语，混为一谈不允许，主谓关系视分词，动名一词无此义
现在分词形式及在句子中的作用（包括过去分词的作用）：
现在分词真好记，动词后面ING.它的作用真不小，可以充当定状表
还有宾语补足语，忘记此项不可以
11.分词做定语的位置及其它
定分位置有二条，词前词后定分晓
单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒
分词短语在词后，定从和它互对照
现分动作进行时，过分动作完成了
（注：定分：做定语的分词：定从：定语从句：现分：现在分词：过分：过去分词）
12.分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义
分词做状语，概有七意义
时间和原因，结果与目的
方式加伴随，条件常出席且谈其主语，谓语头前的*.
欲要记住它，必须常练习（*指句子的主语）
13.独立主格结构
独立结构要认清：名代之后副或形
或是分词或介短，with结构不可轻，
名代二词是其主，句子结构必分明
独立结构好掌握，句中作用只一个：
千变万化皆做状，其中意义也不多
时间条件和原因，方式伴随没别的
状从和其前三个，可以互变不难学
14.英语分数巧记
英语分数不费事，母序子基四个字
分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s.
15.字母oo读音歌
oo发最常见，非重音中要短念
字母k前不能长，好脚站木羊毛短
血与水灾真特殊，oo读[]细分辨
oo加r读作[ ]，poor读[ ]好可怜
注：好脚站木即：good，foot，stood，wood
第二句也可以是：dk之前oo短，footfood恰相反
1.长音：bloom，boot，cool，foot，moon，root，school，soon，too，troop，room，zoo
2.弱读短：classroom，schoolroom，workroom，bedroom，boyhood
3.k前短：book，brook，cook，look，shook，took
4.[ ]：door，floor
在某些表示请求命令建议等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用动词原形或should+动词原形
insist，denand，request/require/recommend，order，propose，command，advise，preqersic，suggest.
16.巧记英文信封的写法
A.可以记住汉字尖字，先写小地名，再写大地名
B.将竖式汉文写法的信封，按顺时针方向旋至水平位置这样，地址的排列顺序恰巧是英文信封的书写格式
17.巧记家庭成员
爹father 娘mother 哥哥弟弟brother 姐姐妹妹sister. long before 和beforelong
long 在前（longbefore），很久前，long在后（before long），不久后
18.巧记lie和lay
躺lie，lay，lain，lie in bed again；
撒谎lie，lied，lied，dont be a liar；
产蛋lay，laid，laid，a hen laid an egg；
放置A loypicked it up，and laidit in the bag.
19.开闭音节歌
开音节，音节开，
一元字母在后排；
不怕一辅堵后门，
还有哑e在门外
（拍手念）a，e，o，u，i
就读【ei】【i:】【】【】【ai】
闭音节，音节闭，
一元字母生闷气；
辅音字母堵后门，
一元字母音短急
（拍手念）a，e，o，u，i
20.常用the的情况：
特指、重现用定冠；独一无二把冠添。
党、政、机关开会议，组织农业帽在前。
江山河海和峡湾；沙岛有帽较安全。
阶级国家分朝代；厂矿造船要带衔。
节目奏乐衣冠严，习惯随俗记心间。
注：冠、帽、衔之类均指定冠词。
定冠词的习惯用法：
①某家人或某夫妇一般用the+复数。如：the Smiths
②表示整个民族或族人一般加the。如the Chinese/English
③少数山脉群岛也不用the。如Mount Tai。如名词中有of短语则一般有the.如：the Mountain ofseven sighs.
④中国的湖泊一般加the。如：the West Lake.
R>⑤the+adj表示类别。如：the rich.
⑥年代，年龄的约数前常用the。如：in the 1950s,in histeens.
⑦表计量单位用the含有“每”、“每一”
It sells at two dollars the pound.
It sells 16 dollars to the pound.
John is paid by the hour.
⑧下列结构中的冠词。
-have+the+抽象名词+to dosth = be so +adj+ as to do sth 如：He hasthe politeness/kindness to say hello to me.
=He is so polite/kind as to say hello to me.
21.不用冠词的场合
抽象、物质、专有名，代词基数用作限定；
泛指节假季节星期几，球棋、呼语与餐名；刊物、公告与标题，普通名词并列紧相邻；
唯一职位，学科与语种，洲、国、省、市、县街路名。
上述口诀用心牢记，并结合下列说明予以理解
①抽象、物质名词和专有名词一般无冠词，但物质名词、抽象名词具体化，或专有名词泛指时，常用不定冠词，例：
a Mr Wang/a climb/a swim.
for a while/in a hurry/a fire Here is a life of struggle. Physics is a science. There was a heavy rain last night.等抽象名词受of短语修饰或上下文已予限定，用the.
如：thescience of speech sounds 语音学
the music of the film, do me the favor to do sth.
②代数词、基数词作前置定词，不用冠词。
③泛指的节假日、季节、星期前不用冠词。但是季节名词表特定时间或受of知识修饰时用the.如：in the winter of1948。
有时泛指时间用a+adj+名词。如：have a hot summer.
④餐名前一般无冠词。但餐名受adj修饰时常常有a(an).特指时用the.
如：have agood supper. The breakfast was well cooked. dinner表“宴会”时，是可数名词，有各种冠词修饰give adinner to them.
⑤普通名词并列时不用冠词
soul and heart/husband and wife/day after day/arm in arm/hand inhand.
⑥语种前不用冠词。但theEnglish结构用the。
What's the English for labour.
The English of shakespear.
作限定时用the.
⑦广场、公园、学校、建筑物等专有名词，由“专有名词+普通名词”构成时不用冠词。但the University ofBeijing 结构和theBeijing station中用the.
22.动词形式的变化
动词根本是原形，变化形式有四种：
原形词尾加“s”，现在第三单人称；
过去原形加“ed”，过去分词也相同；
原形加上“ing”，现在分词或动名。
原形词尾加“s”，如同名词复数式。
若加“ed／i ng”，以下情况要注意：
词尾有e只加d，ing去无声e；
词尾ie变成y，然后再加ing；
辅音之后y结尾，y要变i加ed；
现在分词不变y，直接加上ing ；
词尾重读闭音节，加缀辅音都双写，
r做结尾也一样，重读音节r双写；
结尾字母是“t”，不是重读也双写。
过去分词过去式，不按规则也有些。
23.基数词变序数词[之一]
基变序，有规律，
词尾字母td。①
八减t，九减e，
f要把ve替。②
ty把y变成i，
记住th前有个e。③
①按：指first、second、third。
②按：指eight去掉t，nine去掉e，five和twelve去掉ve
加上f。
③按：指twenty→twentieth等。
24.基数词变序数词(之二)
第一、二、三要全变，①
其余“th”加后边，⑧“th”里有例外，
你需格外记明白：
八减t，九减e，②
字母f代ve，④ty变tie。⑤
①one——first，two——second，three——third。
②four-fourth，seven-seventh，hundred-hundredth。
③eight——eighth，nine—ninth。
④five—fifth，twelve—twelfth。
⑤twenty—twentieth，sixty——sixtieth。
直接引语间接引语的记忆口诀、定语从句记忆口诀、被动语态的口诀
人称变更怎么办？“一主①、二宾②、三不变”③
若是自引自的话，听者不变称不变。
注：①“一主”指在直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。如：
He sad，“I amforty，”→He saidthat he was forty．
②“二宾”指直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称一致。如：He said，“Are youcoming tomorrow？”→Heasked me if I wascoming the next day．
③“三不变”指直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。如：
He said，“Is shean English teacher？”→Heasked if she was an English teacher．
另外注意直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数，间接引语主语相应变复数。如：
He said，“Are youinterested in English？”→Heasked me/us if Iwas/we were interested in English
25.第三个
一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall(will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall(will) be doing,
现在完成进行同，have(has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
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