中国简介

China is reputed as the single oldest uninterrupted civilization in the world

China occupies an area of 9,560,900 square kilometers (3,691,000 square miles), which is approximately 1/15 of the land area of the world.

China’s entire population was estimated to be 1.3 billion as of 2003. all of Europe (excluding Russia) is believed to be only half of China in area and in population. The land boundary exceeds 20,000 kilometers in length bordering Korea in the east, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar (Burma) in the south, India, Bhutan, Sikkim and Nepal in the southwest, Pakistan and Afganistan toward the west, Russia, Kazakstan, Kirghizia and Tajikstan toward the northwest and Mongolia toward the north. China faces Japan across the Yellow Sea, and looks toward the Philippines beyond the South China Sea.

The China’s climate varies from one place to another, changing from tropical, subtropical, warm-temperate, temperate to cool- temperate in character. China is said to encounter monsoon(季风)season which is attributable to the heat reserves between the largest continent and the biggest ocean in the world.

The annual precipitation（降水量） of certain areas along the southeast coast amounts to more than 80 inches. The Yangtze Valley gets about 40 inches annually and the north has only 20 inches or less.

China is fundamentally a mountainous country with hills, mountains, and plateaus covering 2/3 of the total area but inhabited by only 1/3 of the populace.

For the purpose of administration, China is divided into 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government.

The 5 autonomous regions are the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

The four municipalities directly under the Central government are Beijing, Tainjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing.

The provinces are divided into approximately 170 prefectures and subdivided into some 2,000 units at local county level.

The National People’s congress is the legislative body which enacts all the important laws in China and supervises their execution. The State Council is the executive body of the highest organ of state administration.

In the light of t he Constitution, China is a socialist state under the people’s democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliances of workers and peasants. The organs through which the people exercise the state power are the National People’s Congr ess and the local congresses at different levels. National Flag It is said that the red colour of the Chinese flag represents the traditional color of revolution, the large gold star represents "the Common Program

of the Communist Party", and finally the smaller gold stars represent the social four classes: the workers, the peasants, the petty bourgeois, and capitalists sympathetic

to the Party.

The design of the national emblem of the People's Republic of China shows Tiananmen under the light of five stars, and it is framed with ears of grain and cogwheel.

Tiananmen is the symbol of modern China because the May 4th Movement of 1919, which marked the beginning of the new-democratic revolution in China, was launched there. The cogwheel and the ears of grain represent the working class and the peasantry respectively, and the five stars symbolize the solidarity of the various nationalities of China.

National Anthem The words for the national anthem were written by Tian Han, and the music was set by Nie Er in 1935. Originally known as the March of the Volunteers, it was the theme song of The Sons and Daughters in Times of Turmoil, a film that depicted how Chinese intellectuals marched bravely to the front in the War of Resistance Against Japan during the Second World War.

Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves;With our very flesh and blood,Let us build our new Great Wall!The Peoples of China are in the most critical time,Everybody must roar his defiance.Arise! Arise! Arise!Millions of hearts with one mind,Brave the enemy's gunfire,March on!Brave the enemy's gunfire,March on! March on! March on, on! STATE ORGANS:

The National People's Congress (NPC),The President of the People's Republic of China,The State Council,The Central Military Commission,The Supreme People's Court,The Supreme People's Procuratorate（检察院）,Political Parties and Organizations, The Communist Party of China ,The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) ,the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang,,the China Democratic League, the China Democratic National

construction Association, the China Association for Promoting Democracy,the Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, the China Zhi Gong Party (Public Interest Party), the Jiu San (September 3) Society, the Taiwan Democratic Self-Government

League Link 1

Major national organizations: the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the Communist Youth League of China, the All-China Women's Federation, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, etc.

China's Popula tion China’s population is the largest in the world, the population density in China is about 140 people per square km. Its population has grown rapidly, however this rapid population growth had bad consequences upon China’s economic and social development, and consequently the rate of employment, housing and medical care problems increased.

Chinese government began executing family planning and population control so as to improve the situation.

China, one of the four oldest civilizations in the world, has a written history of 4,000 years and boasts rich cultural relics and historical sites.

It is the inventor of compass, paper-making, gunpowder and printing. The Great Wall, Grand Canal and Karez irrigation system are three great ancient engineering projects built 2,000 years ago.

Now they are the symbols of the rich culture of the Chinese nation.

China has gone over a long history of primitive society, slavery society, feudal society and semi-feudal semi-colonial society and the present socialist society. Chinese Dynasties and Chinese Historic Relics.

China is a multi-religious country. Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Protestantism, with the first three being more wide spread. Various religions exert different influence on different ethnic groups.

Chinese Money is called Renminbi (RMB) (means "People's Currency"). The popular unit of RMB is Yuan.

New progress has been made in educational undertakings. Compulsory education is the cornerstone of basic educational development. Adult education is part of national education.

Good health is a fundamental goal of people throughout the world, and the Chinese people are no exception. Life expectancy was 45 before 1949. Now an average Chinese is expected to live to be 69.

The infant mortality rate for the whole country fell from 200 per 1,000 in 1949 to 81 per 1,000 in 1956. Today, the rate has dropped to less than 10 per 1,000. All this is due to the improvements in medical care and living standards of the Chinese people.