英国文学史知识点
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)
1、这个时期得文学作品分类: pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)
2、代表作: The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法
3、Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法)
例子: of man was the mildest and most beloved,
To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise、
二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)
Canto 诗章
1、romance 传奇文学
2、代表作: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士与绿衣骑士) 就是一首押头韵得长诗
三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里、乔叟时期
1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父
2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)
3、代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷得故事(英国文学史得开端)
大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups、
朝圣者都就是来自英国得各地得人,代表着社会得各个不同阶层与社会团体
小说特点:each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character、
这些叙述者以自己特色得方式讲述自己得故事,无形中表明了各自得观点,展示了各自得性格。
小说观点:he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness、He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运)、
她希望人们能从迷信与对命运得盲从中解脱出来。
4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣:a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)
Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上)、
歌谣就是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播得方式
代表人物:Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯、帕希主教
代表作:Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉与阿林代尔
四、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期
(Greek and Roman) 戏剧drama 诗章canto
The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences、
文艺复兴最初就是指经典艺术与科学在英国得复兴。
The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama
文艺复兴时期得英国戏剧也得到了迅速得发展。
1、key work: humanism 人文主义: admire human beauty and human achievement
2、代表人物:
1)、Thomas More 托马斯、莫尔Utopia 乌托邦
2)、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯、培根第一个散文家(essayist)
3)、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯、怀亚特引入十四行诗得第一人
sonnet(十四行诗): form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵) in 14 lines iambic pentameter 4)、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙、斯宾塞poet’s poet(诗人中得诗人) The Fairy Queen《仙后》(epic poem 史诗)
5)、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗、马洛
blank verse(无韵体:不押韵得五步抑扬格) 就是十六世纪英国戏剧得主要表现形式。
6)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆、莎士比亚戏剧drama
四大悲剧:Hamlet(哈姆雷五、the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟
prose 散文
1、文学特点:the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals、
清教徒崇尚俭朴得生活、拒绝十四行诗与爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。
2、代表人物:
1)、John Donne 约翰、多恩“metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 得代表人物
sonnet 十四行诗《Death be not proud》(笔记)
作品特点:①strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism、(坦诚得态度与现实描绘)
②novelty of subject matter and point(新颖得题材与视角)
③novelty of its form、(新颖得形式)
2)、John Milton 约翰、弥尔顿a great poet 诗人( poem 诗歌blank verse )
《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护
《Paradise Lost》失乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不就是坏人
《Paradise Regained》复乐园
)、John Bunyan 约翰、拜扬a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(寓言)”Pilgrim’s Progress》天路历程prose 散文
该书采用得写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式), medieval form of allegory(比喻) and dream”
六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动
prose 散文
1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope、特),Othello(奥赛罗),King Lear(李尔王),The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)
强调正确得格式与写作规范,像艾迪生一样创作散文,与蒲柏一样创作诗歌。
The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism、
启蒙运动实际上就是当时先进得资产阶级同落后得封建主义斗争得一种形式。
The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he bees depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment、
启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬得人类本恶得观点;论证了人生诚实而友善,而腐化堕落则就是后天腐败得社会环境所致。
Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice、
无论怎样讲究理性,社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在,理性得力量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感得
诉求作为一种谋求幸福与社会公平得手段。
2、18th century 文学得三个方面:
Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴得浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌得现代派小说)
3、代表人物:
1)、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔、笛福realistic novel 现实主义小说
Novel:《Robinson Crusoe》鲁宾逊漂流记《Jonathan Wild》乔纳森、威尔德《Moll Flanders》摩尔、弗兰德斯
2)、Henry Fielding 亨利、菲尔丁father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)
《Joseph Andrews》约瑟夫、安德鲁斯受到了理查森得《帕美勒》得启发
作家之间得不同:Richardson —— no humor, minces words, moralizes、不幽默,咬文嚼字,说教
Fielding —— direct, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity,full of animal spirits, tells the story of a vagabond life 语言直接、生动、欢快、粗糙,甚至有点俗,精神焕发,讲述流浪者得故事。
《The History of Tom Jones, a foundling》弃婴汤姆、琼斯得故事the best novel of him 3)、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森、斯威夫特
《Gulliver’s Travels》格列佛游记novel 反讽
作品特点:no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculour gets the better of him、
努不动颜,骂不扬声,语调冷酷,锋芒暗藏,讽刺辛辣,仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄
之态。
《A Modest Proposal》一个温与得建议
4)、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔、理查森
《Pamela》帕美勒The method of psychological analysis 心理分析得方法
In the form of letters 书信体小说
5)、Richard B、Sheridan 理查德、B、谢尔丹
《School for Scandal》造谣学校,喜剧edy
6)、Oliver Goldsmith’s 奥利佛、哥尔德斯密斯散文作家essayist
《The Vicar of Wakefield》威克菲尔德得牧师,小说novel
《She Stoops to Conquer》委曲求全,欢乐喜剧rollicking edy
《The Deserted Village》荒村,诗歌poems
4、Sentimentalism 感伤主义no belief 没有信仰
The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people、
感伤主义得代表人物在继续反对封建主义得同时又模糊得感觉到资本主义进程中出现得种种矛盾,感觉到资本主义制度对人性得奴役与破坏。
代表人物:Thomas Gray 托马斯、格雷《Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard》墓园挽歌
七、the Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义
散文prose
1、前浪漫主义代表人物:William Blake 威廉、布莱克诗人poet
Robert Burns 罗伯特、彭斯苏格兰诗人poet
Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution
前浪漫主义极大地影响了工业革命与法国大革命。
2、教育意义Educational:liberty, equality and fraternity 自由,平等,博爱
3、开始得标志:beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s 《Lyrical Ballads》从威廉、华兹华斯发表得"抒情歌谣"开始
4、lake poets(湖畔诗人):Coleridge Southey Wordsworth
5、代表人物: 1)、William Wordsworth 威廉、华兹华斯poet-laureate (桂冠诗人)
《The Prelude》序曲自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry
With S、T、coleridge, they jointly published the “Lyrical Ballads”、与s、t、coleridge一起,联合发表了“抒情民谣”
作品特点:simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry
简单而纯洁得语言,反传统形式得18世纪诗歌
2)、Lord Byron 拜伦《Childe Harold Pilgrimage》查尔德?哈罗德游记cantos 诗章成名作《Don Juan》唐璜poem 诗satiric masterpiece 讽刺得杰作《Hours of Idleness》闲散时刻poem 诗the first volume of poem 首卷诗
3)、Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱《Prometheus Unbound》解放得普罗米修斯drama 戏剧《Ode to the West Wind》西风颂poem 诗
4)、John Keats 济慈poet 诗人《The Eve of St、Agnes》圣阿格良斯之夜poem 《On
a Greeian Urn》希腊古瓮颂poem 《To a Nightingale》致夜莺poem “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”美学原则
5)、Walter Scott 沃特、斯科特He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel、她就是创造者与历史小说大师
6)、Jane Austen 简、奥斯丁女《Pride and Prejudice》傲慢与偏见《Sense and Sensibility》理智与情感
《Emma》爱玛写作特点:the love-making of her young people, though serious and sympathetic, is subdued by humor to the ordinary plane of emotion on which most of us live、She was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middleclass people、她就是中产阶级小说得发起人。
7)、Charles Lamb 查尔斯、兰伯essayist散文家
6、十九世纪散文得特点:In the first of these two periods Addison and Steele socialized the essay, so to speak; they brought it into everyday life and made it familiar and delightful to the multitude、在这两个时期得开始,艾迪生与斯蒂尔得社会散文把散文带入日常生活,并使其熟悉与并令人愉快。
Early in the nineteenth century it became more definitely a means of intimate
self-expression、在十九世纪前期,散文变得对自我得表达越来越肯定
八、Critical Realism 批判现实主义,Victorian Period 维多利亚时期humanism 人文主义
1、意义:Chartism signified the first great political movement of the proletariat in English history、在英国得历史中,宪章运动就是伟大得无产阶级政治运动。
2、代表人物:1)、Charles Dickens 狄更斯《Hard Times》艰难时刻《Pickwick Papers》匹克威克外传《Oliver Twist》雾都孤儿《A Tale of Two Cities》双城记(描述了法国大革命French Revolution)特点:describing the misery and sufferings of mon people、描述苦难与苦难得群众。
2)、Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特、勃郎特女《Shirley》雪利《Jane Eyre》简、爱
Emily Bronte 艾米丽、勃郎特《Wuthering Heights》呼啸山庄(主人公:Mr、Heathcliff)特点:brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion which before them had been the province of poetry alone、
3)、Mrs、Gaskell 《Mary Barton, North and South》玛丽、巴顿,北方与南方
4)、William Makepeace Thackeray 《Vanity Fair》名利场— this title was borrowed by Thackeray from The Pilgrim’s Progress by Bunyan、Thackeray draws a broad panorama of social life in his novel, ruthlessly criticizing money worship, cruelty and unscrupulousness、在她得小说中描绘了广阔得社会生活,无情抨击了残酷与不择手段得拜金主义人
物:Rebecca Sharp — a perfect embodiment of the spirit of Vanity Fair as her only aspiration
in life is to gain wealth and position by and means、唯一得愿望人生就就是在名利场中,完美得获取财富与地位得手段。特点: novels mainly contain a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society。小说就是一个含有讽刺意味得上流社会写照。
5)、George Eliot 乔治、艾略特女《Adam Bede》novel 《The mill on the floss》《Middlemarch》Her preoccupation was always with the serious consideration of the moral position of the individual in the universe, but her psychological insight into the development
of character、她最认真考虑得就是个人得道德立场,但就是她得心洞察了个性得发展。特点:the significance of G、Eliot’s work lies in the portrayal of the pettiness and stagnancy of English provincial life 艾略特写作得意义在于琐碎得描绘与英国生活得停滞。
3、桂冠诗人(poet-laureate):1)、Alfred Tennyson 2)、Robert Browning 《My last duchess》已故得公爵夫人Jealousy(嫉妒) Stingy(小气) 贡献:Dramatic monologues 戏剧独白dramatic lyrics 戏剧抒情诗dramatic romances 戏剧传奇
九、The transition from 19th to 20th century in English literature 19到20世纪英国文学得过渡期
1、Aestheticism 唯美主义“art for art’s sake” 为艺术而艺术
2、代表人物。
1)、Thomas Hardy 悲观主义者Pessimists 《Tess of the D’Urbervilles》苔丝《Jude the obscure》裘德novel 特点:His career is thus divided sharply between his Victorian novels and his post-Victorian poetry、她得生涯就就是她得小说与她得后维多利亚诗歌之间得尖锐分歧。
2)、Oscar Wilde “art for art’s sake” 为艺术而艺术
3)、George Bernard Shaw 剧作家(playwright) 《Mrs、Warren’s profession》华莱夫人得职业
4)、D、H、Lawrence 《Lady Chatterley’s Lover》查泰莱夫人得情人《The Rainbow》彩虹《Sons and lovers》儿子与情人
3、“stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物:1)、Virginia Woolf 《Mrs、Dalloway》《A Room of One’s Own》Woolf was much concerned with the position of women、非常重视妇女得地位2)、James Joyce 《Ulysses》
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
《英国文学选读》课程简介
《英国文学选读》课程基本信息 课程发展的历史沿革 南京大学英国文学教学和研究历史悠久，基础厚实。 早在80年代，范存忠先生出版了《英国文学史提纲》，陈嘉先生编写的英文版《英国文学史》和《英国文学选读》获国家教委全国高等学校优秀教材奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英美小说》1995年获全国高校外国文学教学研究会首届优秀教材 奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》由北京高等教育出版社于2001年出版，列入面向21世纪课程教材、普通高等教育九五国家级重点教材”并作为英语专业系列教材”之一， 获2002年全国普通高等学校优秀教材一等奖。该教材修订版已列入普通高等教育十五国家 级教材规划选题” 2001年王守仁教授主持的英国文学网络课程作为教育部新世纪网络课程建设工程”项 目正式立项，获经费12万元。 2003年4月，英国文学网络课程在北京通过专家组质量认证。 f ---------------- 探教学内容 英国文学课程精选英国文学史上重要作家的名篇，包括莎士比亚、培根、华兹华斯、狄 更斯、哈代、艾略特、乔伊斯、劳伦斯等经典作家的名著以及当代作家的作品，题材涵盖小说、诗歌、戏剧和散文，教学内容全面系统，较好地体现了专业课程的基础性、先进性和前沿性。英国文学课程确立以文学作品为中心，采用读写议相结合的教学方式，注重培养学生的分析能力、思辩能力和语言表达能力，体现了素质教育的特点。通过对本课程的学习，学 生可以在教师的指导下阅读英语文学作品原著，理解英国文学与文化，提高文学批评鉴赏能 力和英语水平。 €--------------- la 探教学条件 英国文学课程以王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》为基本教材，充分发挥网络技术的 优势，基于课堂与网络，实行开放式教学。南京大学具备运行机制良好的硬件环境，开发的英国文学网络课件已从2002年春季学期起投入使用。英国文学网络课件以Web页面的形式 呈现教学内容，通过ASP技术，动态生成学习单元，每单元包括作者简介、背景介绍、作品赏析、作品选读和注释以及作家的相关网址，同时还配有相关评论、图片和名言。课件具有
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)
英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485） 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后，英国资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索，通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事，勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献，被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美，流畅自然，他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平，推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初） 相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（Utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（The New Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（Gulliver's Travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（Erewhon）一直延续到20世纪
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-盎格鲁-诺曼底时期【圣才出品】
第2章盎格鲁-诺曼底时期 2.1复习笔记 I.Background Knowledge(1066-1350)(背景知识) 1.The Norman Conquest(诺曼征服) A.Brief Introduction(简介) The French-speaking Normans began their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William, Duke of Normandy,with the battle of Hastings in1066. 说法语的诺曼底人在威廉公爵的带领下，在1066年的黑斯廷斯战役中打败了英国人，开始了对英国的统治。 B.Chief Influences(主要影响) (1)The bringing of Roman civilization to England; (2)The growth of nationality,i.e.a strong centralized government,instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes; (3)The birth of new English language and literature due to the integration with French vocabulary. （1）将罗曼文化带到英格兰； （2）促进了国家的发展，强大的中央集权政府代替了散乱的撒克逊部落联盟；（3）和法国语言的融合产生了新的英语语言和文学。 II.Features of the New Literature(新文学特征) (1)The new literature is a combination of French and Anglo-Saxon elements. (2)There are three classes of new literature: ①Matter of France(tales about Charlemagne and his peers); ②Matter of Greece and Rome(tales about Alexander and the fall of Troy); ③Matter of Britain(tales about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table).
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学史笔记
Index The Sixteenth Century
The works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literature for he was one of the first founders of realism, a master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations. Works First period: Romeo and Juliet Second Period: 1. Hamlet, Prince of Demark 2. Othello, the Moor of Venice 3. King Lear 4. The Tragedy of Macbeth The Seventeenth Century Puritan Age Burrton?s Anatomy of Melancholy. The spiritual gloom sooner or later fastens upon all the writers of this age. This so called gloomy age produced some minor poems of exquisites workmanship, and one of great master of verse whose work would glorify any age or people---John Milton, in whom the indomitable Puritan spirit finds its noblest expression. Restoration Age As a critic, poet and playwright was the most distinguished literary figure of the restoration age. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose chief aim as to entertain the licentious aristocrats. John Donne 1. Poetry Form
英国文学史及作品选读
英国文学史及作品选读 （模拟试题二） Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分） 1．______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity.
英国文学史及选读知识要点I
Part I The Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066) I Background 449 the Teutons ( the Jutes, the Anglos, the Saxons) II Literature The literature of this period falls into two divisions—pagan and Christian Two Anglo-saxon Christian poets: Caedmon （凯德蒙，公元7世纪盎各鲁－萨克逊基督教诗人）who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible. Cynewulf（基涅武甫,盎各鲁――萨克逊诗人，生活在公元9世纪，其古英语诗稿于10世纪被发现，有《埃琳娜》,《使徒们的命运》，《基督升天》和《朱莉安娜》）, the author of poems on religious subjects III The Song of Beowulf( Beowulf, 公元7-8世纪之交开始流传于民间的同名史诗中的主人公，曾与水怪，火龙搏斗) Status: England’s national epic Written at the beginning of the tenth century Composed much earlier Length:3182 The whole song is essentially pagan in spirit and matter. Features : alliteration; metaphors; understatement Subject matter Part II The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350) I historical background: The Norman Conquest II. The Literature The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure. III. Romance 1. Romance was the prevailing form of literature in feudal England. 2. Definition and features(理解) IV. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight a late-14th century middle-English outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur’s Round Table. It was a verse romance of 2530 lines, considered as the best of Arthurian romances. Part III Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400) I Major works The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》is a translation from a French poem. His masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales II Contributions 1. Chaucer—the forerunner of Renaissanc e
英国文学史上笔记-The Middle Ages
The Middle Ages The Anglo-Saxon Period (449~1066) Reference: 1) The literature of early period falls naturally into two divisions, Pagan and Christian.(异教徒文学和基督徒文学) Pagan represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagas (口头诗歌), the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil; Christian represents the writings developed under the teaching of the monks.(僧侣) 2) Among the early Anglo-Saxon poets we may mention Caedmon(开德蒙the first important religious poet in English literature) who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and wrote a poetic paraphrase of the Bible; Cynewulf(琴涅武甫), the author of poems on religious subjects. Beowulf:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons, represents the spirit of pagan Artistic features: 1) Using alliteration押头韵（Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound） 2) Using metaphor and understatement (Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way. Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas. 保守的陈述) Things and Figures mentioned: Beowulf (the Teutonic hero) Hrothgar (the King of the Danes) Heorot 鹿厅Grendel (the half-human monster) Beacon (Beowulf墓上所建) Scyld 赛亚德 Definitions of important literary terms: 1．1)Epic (heroic poetry): An epic is a long oral narrative poem that operates on a grand scale and deals with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance. Most epics deal with the exploits(功勋)of a single individual and also interlace(交织、交错)the main narrative with myths, legends, folk tales and past events; there is a composite（复合的）effect, the entire culture of a country cohering in the overall experience of the poem. Epic poems are not merely entertaining stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history. 史诗是长篇口头叙事诗，内容广泛，通常以重要传说或者重大历史事件为题材。大部分的史诗歌颂个人的英雄事迹，同时也在叙述中插入神话、传说、民间故事以及历史事件；一个民族的整体文化与全诗所讲的经历紧密联系，造成一种复合的效果。史诗不仅仅是愉悦人的传奇故事或者历史英雄事迹，它们总结以及表达了一个民族在其历史上一个重要或者关键时期的本质或者理想。(简要地说就是：a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.) 2)Alliteration (head rhyme or initial rhyme): the repetition of the same sounds—usually initial consonants(辅音) of words or stressed syllables(音节)—in any sequence of neighbouring words. Now an optional and incidental(附带的) decorative effect in verse(诗) or prose(散文), it was once a required element in the poetry of Germanic languages (including old English and old Norse挪威语) and in Celtic verse (where alliterated sounds could regularly be placed in positions other than除了the beginning of a word or syllable). Such poetry, in which alliteration rather than rhyme is the chief principle of repetition, is known as alliterative verse; its rules also allow a vowel sound to alliterate with any other vowel. Other works: 1)Bede比德(excellent writer in Anglo-Saxon period)-
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-丹尼尔
第10章丹尼尔?笛福 10.1复习笔记 I.Background Knowledge(背景知识) (1)After the“Glorious Revolution”,England became a constitutional monarchy and power passed from the King to the Parliament and the cabinet ministers.The power struggle between the liberal Whigs and the conservative Tories at times dominated the literature of the age. (2)The Industrial Revolution started and transformed the socioeconomic texture of Britain, intensifying the contradictions between the rich and the poor. (3)The rapid development of social life including the popularity of public coffee-houses and private clubs was typical of all English cities. (4)The Enlightenment started in the18th century,which fought against feudalism,emphasized reason,and believed in human beings’innate kindness. （1）1688年光荣革命后，英国从此成为君主立宪制国家，权力由国王转向议会和内阁大臣。 两党之间的争权夺势不时主导着18世纪文学。 （2）工业革命兴起，彻底改变了英国的社会经济结构，加剧了贫富矛盾。 （3）英国城市中社会生活快速发展，例如大量公共咖啡馆和私人俱乐部的建立。 （4）启蒙运动开始于18世纪，它反对封建主义，强调理性，相信人性本善。 II.Literary Style of the Eighteenth Century(十八世纪文学风格) (1)The coffee-houses’chatting became popular among the middle classes,and thus appeared journals that provided information and criticism of contemporary topics.The typical one is The Spectator collaborated by Addison and Steele. (2)Influenced by the Enlightenment,there appeared a group of neoclassicist writers who emphasized reason and rules for different genres.These writers included Pope and Samuel Johnson. (3)Novel rose and developed in the18th century,and became an important genre.In the18th England,the novels included realistic novels,represented by Defoe,Fielding and Swift; sentimental novels,with Sterne and Goldsmith as the typical writers;Gothic novels,like The Castle of Otranto;psychological novels by Richardson. (4)In the latter half of18th century,pre-romanticism rose and gradually replaced the neoclassicism.Poets like Blake and Burns were the forerunners of the pre-romanticism. (5)Compared with the development of the novel,drama of the18th century was not a main