高中非谓语动词用法总结表格版.doc

非谓语动词

非谓

相对谓语动词的时间意义例句

语动

词

说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数I want to go home.

一般是那些表愿望的词： want; hope; expect; wish

I hope to see you. 等。

式不

I saw him come in.

定式

说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多

数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾

He helped him (to) carry things.

语。

表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。We enjoyed seeing the film.

I am thinking of taking over the job.

在动词 insist on; rely on; count on(相信) He insisted on doing that work

一般

等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发

式动

生。

名词

在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on;I remember seeing him before. upon after代替完成动名词表

示的动作在谓语

动词表示的动作先发生。

说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语

持续性

动词表示的动作同时发生。

现动词

在

一般

分说明分词表示的动作发生之后，

式分

词终止性

句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发

词动词

生。

过持续性通常说明分词表示的动

作，此句动词中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。

去On arriving Beijing, he went to see his

friend.

He stood there speaking.

Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.

Entering the room, I found nobody in.

Turning to the right, you will find the post office.

Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.

分I can't find my lost pen.

词说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语He is a person well-known in this country.

动词表示的动作并无先后。

代替完成式现在分词的被动语Educated by the party, he became a brave

态。fighter.

说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前I'm sorry to have troubled you.

发生。

He is said to have come here.

He is thought to have done it.

完成

He is believed to have done it.

式不

定式He seemed to have known it.

在 wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, We wished to have done this.

suppose 等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有

I expected to have left by then.

实现。

(=I had expected to heave by then.) 说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动We regret having told you the news.

完成作先发生。

After having finished his work, he went

式动

home.

名词

He denied having broke the glasses.

说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的Having finished his work, he went home.

完成动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果

Sitting down with him, we begun to discuss

式分是 hear; see 或表示位置转移的动词 arrive;

it.

词leave; turn; open.不用完成时

Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.

二．非谓语动词的被动语态

1.非谓语动词被动语态的意义

非谓语

意义和用法例句

动词

表示被动的意义The meeting is to be held next week.

He wanted to be sent to the hard area.

有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区The box is not strong enough to stand

别，具有“应该”．“值的”的意思。不定式是主 this.

语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语，

nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable,

good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。不定式

表示被动的意义如：

It's too small to see.

There is a lot of work to do

The house is to let at low rent.

I am not to blame.

Houses are still to seek.

Much remains to do.

The text is hard to learn.

He insisted on being sent to the

hard area.

动名词

在动词 need, require 等的主动语态和形容词My watch needs repairing.

worth 后,表示被动的意义

The book is worth reading.

现在分词表示被动的意义The building being built is a school.

分词

Not having been told, he didn't know

where to start.

过去分词表示被动的意义Heated, the metal expands.

2.一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别

非谓语动

例句

意义和用法

词

一般式现含有具体的意义，说明和句中谓语动词表 The person being criticized is our 在分词示的动作同时发生，一般是持续性动词monitor.

完成式分表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生，一 Not having been told about it, I

词般是瞬间动词don't know how to do it.

具有一船的意义，强调事实，说明比句中Given more time, (=Having been 过去分词谓语动词表示的动作先发生，有时同完成 given) I can do it much better.

式的被动词态可互换。

三．非谓语动词的句法作用

1.非谓语动词的句法作用一览表

非谓语动词

不定式动名词分词

句子成分

主语√√

直接宾语√√

短语动词宾语√√

宾语宾语补语√√√介词宾语√

形容词宾语√√

表语√√√

定语√√√

状语√√

同谓语√√

插入语√√

2.非谓语动词作主语

非谓语动

意义和用法例句

词

动词不定式表示比较具体的意义， To master a foreign language is no easy job.

经常和特定的动作和执行者联系

To do it well is my earnest desire

起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有

时表示将要发生的动作。To see this film is to waste time.

To solve this problem is out of the question

动 1) 形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important, 词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见 difficult, easy hard possible ）

不定式

的另一种形式是在句首用先行代

It is foolish to act in this way.

词 it作形式主语，而将动词不定

式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主

It sounds reasonable to do it this way.

语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容

It appears likely for them to arrive.

词，动词和名词

2)动词作谓语（常见的动词有： require, cost, amuse,

delight, irritate, annoy

It took much time to do this.

It makes us excited to think about that.

It needed hard work to finish the job.

It does no good to say like that.

It didn't occur to me to ask him to help me.

3) 名词作表语

It seems a pity to waste them.

It is a great pleasure to do this

It is a good idea to think this way.

动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和 Collecting stamps is a good hobby.

经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互

换

Swimming is a best sport in summer.

There is no telling what will happen.

There is no denying the fact.

There is no need informing him of it.

动名词动名词短语作主语时，常见的另一 1) 形容词作表语 ( 常见的形容词有： enjoyable, good, 种形式是在句首用先行代词it 作 hard, worthwhile)

形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词和名词It is nice talking to you.

It's foolish behaving like that. It is useless doing that

2)名词作表语

It's waste of time doing this.It's no good (use)

doing that.

It's an awful job doing this.It's fun doing this

It is not an easy task doing this work.

3.非谓语动词作宾语

成

非谓语动词意义和用法例句

分

不定式的逻辑主语一I want to read a novel.

般同谓语动词的主语

用于该形式的常见的动词有： afford, agree, aim,

一致

直

接

不定式宾

语apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide,

decline, demand, desire, determine, expect,

hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish.

有时宾语省略不定式符号 ( 常见的有： let fall, let pass, let go, let slip, 'd better, 'd rather, 'd

soon,

He made believe he was correct.

动词不定式（短语）作 He found it necessary to work hard at English.

宾语时，如其后有补足

用于该形式的常见的动词有：acknowledge,

语，则可以用先行语

believe, consider, count, declare, deem, deny,

it作形式宾语，而将

esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine,

动词不定式（短语）后

judge, know, make, prove, realize, report,see,

移作直接宾语

show, suppose, suspect, take(think),

understand, think.

动名词的逻辑主语有Do you mind my smoking

时同谓语动词的主语

不一致

动名词（短语）作宾语 We found it troublesome solving this problem.

时，如其后有补足语则

Weconsider it worthwhile spending some time on 可以用先行词 it作形

this.

式宾语，而将动名词短

语后移作直接宾语

有一类动词后面必须We enjoyed staying there.

跟动名词

常见的动词有： admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, 动名词

advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate,

defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse, evade,

fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify,

keep(on), mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone,

practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss,

resist.

有一类动词后面可跟1) 意义区别不大。

动名词也可以跟不定

He began learning (to learn) English at the age 式

of five.

常见的动词有： start, like, hate, love,continue,

prefer, commence, attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, bear.

2)意义有区别

a) remember doing sth记住做过某事。remember to do sth记住要做某事。b)forget doing sth忘记做过某事。forget to do sth记住要做某事。

c)regret doing sth遗憾做过某事。

regret to do sth遗憾要做某事。d)try doing sth试着做某事。

try to do sth努力做某事。

e)mean doing sth意旨做某事。

mean to do sth打算做某事。

f)stop doing sth停止做某事。

stop to do sth停下来做某事。

g)can't help doing sth忍不住做某事。

can't help to do sth不能帮做某事。

h)go on doing sth继续做某事。

go on to do sth接着做另一事。

短

动名词语

动

词

宾

不定式语这一类多是动词和小He insisted on doing that.

品词构成的短语

常见的短语有： stand up, leave off, put off,give

up, can't help(stand)

这一类多数是一些特He is about to leave. He did nothing but play.

定的用法。

'd rather do sth, 'd better do sth, 'd like/love

to do sth,

强调动作发生的事实、 We saw him come in. I asked him to help me.

将要和应该做的事

I helped him (to) learn English.

He arranged for me to stay there.

常见的动词有：

1)省略不定式符号的动词： make, let, have, see, hear,

notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at

宾

不定式语

宾

补

动名词

2)表示“致使”意义的动词： advice, cause, allow,

ask, beg, drive, encourage, expect, forbid,

force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade,

remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn

3)表示心理状态的动词： consider, declare find,

prove, think, know, believe, discover, feel,

imagine, judge, suppose, understand.

4)短语动词 arrange for, prepare for, provide

for, ask for, care for, long for, wait for, vote for, call on,

rely on, depend on, count on

说明实际的情况，这种 We call this process testing.

形式数量不多。

Weknow of the earth behaving as a large magnet.

强调动作进行的过程I found him coming in.

现在He kept him waiting outside.

分词

如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语

补语，分词形式不变。

He was seen coming in

分词

表示动作已完成，同宾 We found him tied to the tree.

语是被动关系，说明动

I had my hair cut.

作在谓语动词表示的

过去动作之前。I can't get this motor started.

分词

have (get) 表示的动如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语作

往往表示别人完成，补语，分词形式不变。

有时这个动作可能由

He was found tied to the tree.

主语完成

这一类多是一些特定I hardly remember what I did besides read.

的形式，

He had nothing in mind except to work hard.

不定式

It is better to do some work than to spend the

介time idly.

词

宾There is no way out than climb the cliff.

语这一类数量较多。I'm afraid of making mistakes while speaking

English.

动名词

He enjoys doing nothing but talking with her.

On (as soon as he arrived) arriving, he came to

这一类有些语法家也

认为是这些形容词的

原因状语。

不定式see his friend.

In (while) doing this, he learned a lot.

常见的短语： look forward to, be used to, object to, prefer doing sth to doing sth

I am glad to see you.

常见的形容词有： cross, angry, context,furious, happy, impatient, curious, proud, sorry,

thankful, free, grateful, keen, anxious, eager, prone, ready, reluctant, willing, humble,

jealous, miserable, (un)able, lucky，sad

I am surprised to see you.

形常见的过去分词有： annoyed, ashamed, astonished, 容这一类有些语法家也bored, concerned, amazed, confused delighted,

词认为是这些形容词的determined, disappointed, disgusted,

宾原因状语。displeased, dissatisfied, distressed,

embarrassed, excited, fascinated, inclined,

overjoyed, overwhelmed, pleased, prepared,

puzzled, qualified, worried, offended, scared,

thrilled, vexed

这一类多是一些特定The tree seems like trembling.

的用法。

The book is worth reading.

动名词

He is busy working.

4.非谓语动词作表语

非谓语动词意义和用法连系动词例句

表示具体的动有时可用To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.( 一

作，表示打算、 appear, seem, 般同主语的形式一直 )

计划、命令和要 happen 等作连

What I wanted to do is write it down.

求等意义系动词

The only thing you can do is wait and see.

How am I to pay such a debt

Such questions are to be avoided.

不定式

He was never to see his friend again.

What he said proved to be true.

He seems to be ill.

常作主语的名词有： aim, ambition, duty, hope,

idea, intention, mistakes, plan, purpose,

suggestion.

相当于名词，说一般是 be What like best is swimming in the sea.

明主语动作的

My job is teaching English

情况和状态。

(My job is to teach them to learn English.)

动名词

Seeing is believing.

有时同不定式可以互换

Our duty is serving the people.

相当于形容词，有时可用

说明主语动作 become ; get

性质的。一般分等

现词后不再接任在何成份

分

词Our duty is to serve the people.

It is annoying that the meeting should be put off.

常见作表语的现在分词有：amusing, boring, charming, comforting, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, disturbing, embarrassing, exciting, pleasing, fascinating, interesting, inviting,

missing, obliging, promising, puzzling, shocking, striking, surprising.

相当于形容词有时可用He remained puzzled. He appeared satisfied

说明主语动作Become ; with that.

的性质或状态， get ;remain ;

My work is finished. My watch is gone.

一般后面带介appear ; seem;

分词

词短语，有些形 fell; go; look 常见的过去分词有：1) 常见带介词 about 分词：

容词化的过去等动词annoyed, concerned, excited, pleased,

分词前可加puzzled, shocked, worried 2) 常见带介词 at 过 very. 分词： amazed, amused, annoyed, astonished,

去delighted, disappointed, disgusted,

分displeased, dissatisfied, excited,

词offended, overjoyed, pleased, shocked,

surprised, 3)常见带介词against分词：

arranged, prepared, irritated, arranged 4)

常见带介词 for 分词： celebrated, concerned,

destined, disqualified, noted, prepared,

pressed, qualified. 5) 常见带介词 in 分词：

absorbed, celebrated, concerned,

disappointed, delighted, dressed,

embarrassed, engaged, entangled,

experienced, interested lost, 6) 常见带介

词 on 分词： founded, based, bent, set 7)常

见带介词 to 分词： abandoned, accustomed,

acquainted, addicted, adapted, committed,

dedicated, destined, devoted, doomed,

engaged, entitled, exposed, known, lost,

opposed, related, inclined, married 8)常

见带介词 with 分词： annoyed, bored,

concerned, delighted, disappointed,

discontented, disgusted, displeased,

dissatisfied, equipped, excited, occupied,

obsessed, pleased, pressed, satisfied,

socked, stunned, surrounded loaded,

tormented, torture

5.非谓语动词作定语

非谓语动词位置意义和用法例句

动词不定式表示将要发生，应该I have much work to do.

不定式必须放在所做的动作，说明动作

He has no place to live in.

修饰词（名或在谓语动词表示动作

代）后之后，具有形容词性有时根据意思的需要加介词，这时介词不

质。能省略，因被修饰的名词是它的宾语。

动名词放在说明所修饰词的性He looked me with questioning eyes.

在所修饰的质，具有名词的性质，

a living room.

动名词

词前它同所修饰的名词间

不存在什么主谓关系

在所修饰词说明正在进行的动 a sleeping boy, on the day following, 现在前，有些放在作，同它所修饰的动 for years running

分词所修饰词后作存在着逻辑主谓关

一系

般在所修饰词表示被动的意思，多 a lost child, a fallen leaf, retired 分词

形前，有些放在数不及物动词的过去 workers, faded flowers

式过去所修饰词后分词不能用作定语，

We have no time left.

分词只有少数表示动作改

变的动词表示在谓词

动词动作之前完成放在所修饰一般表示要做和应该词后做的动作。Fill the blanks with the words given.

He is the first one to come this morning.

I have a lot of housework to do

at home.

There is a lot of work to do in the

短

不定式

company.

语

He didn't have the chance to go to

school in the past.

1) 一般所修饰词是抽象名词

agreement, attempt, claim,decision,

decisive, determination, failure, hope, intention,need, plan,promise,

refused, resolution, tendency,

threat, wish

2) 说明被修饰词内容的名词

campaign, chance, courage, efforts,

evidence, fight, news, measures,

move, movement, opportunity,

position, power, reason, right,

skill, strength, struggle, means

3) 跟不定式作状语的形容词生成转化来

的抽象名

ability, ambition, anxiety,

curiosity, eagerness, impatience,

reluctance, willingness

放在所修饰现在分词短语有动作The bird singing in the tree is very

词后进行之意。beautiful.

分词过去分词短语有被动This is the bird shot by the boy.

之意。

My brother, working in the south will

be coming in a few days.

6.非谓语动词作状语

非谓语动词意义和用法例句

表示目的，很常用。He went home to see his mother.

不定式

He came to ask a question.

He got up early in order to (so as to) have time

to study.

表示结果，很常用。She says so well as to bring down the house.

Will you be so good as to tell him this？

He is not old enough to do this.

He is too excited to speak anything.

表示原因，He laughed to see them fall down.

He wept to hear the news.

表示选择和比较She opened her lips as through to speak

He would die rather than give in.

表示条件To hear him talk, you would think he

was tiring.

表示时间，相当于表示时间， He went through the papers while having

相当于状语从句 when, breakfast.

while 。

Since leaving school, I met him only once.

常用于这些连词后When, before, while, after,

since

分词

表示原因，有时同用作时间状 Being ill, he didn't come.

语的分词难以分清，相当于原

Not understanding this, he asked the teacher 因状语从句 because, since,

about it.

for和as。

表示条件，相当于条件状语从 Given more time, I can finish the work.

句 if 。

We'll not attack unless attacked.

Working hard, you'll succeed.

表示让步，相当于让步状语从 Though warned of the danger, he still went

句 though, although。skating on the thin ice.

表示结果，相当于结果状语从 Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus

句，这种分词前通常有thus causing the delay.

或 thereby 。

表示方式He sat there, as though waiting.

7.非谓语动词作同谓语

非谓语动词意义和用法例句

不很常用He has written two articles for the journal, one to

be published in this issue, the other to come out in 不定式

the next.

不很常用I saw many people in the room, some talking,

some listening.

动名词

His chief hobby, sailing a boat, cost him most of his salary.

8.非谓语动词作插入语

非谓语动词意义和用法例句

多是一些特定的短语To tell you the truth, to be fair, to be frank, to 不定式

be short, to be sure, to be honest, to begin with,

动名词

to cut a long story short, to be exact, so to speak

To tell you the truth, I don' t know computers very

well.

多是一些特定的短语Generally speaking, frankly speaking, strictly

speaking.

Generally speaking, his work is successful.

四 .非谓语动词的特殊形式

非谓语动

形式意义和用法例句词

for sb to do sth这种结构It is impossible for me to do

this.

可用先行代词 it作形式主

语面将该结构后移作真正

复合主语。

结构不定式

It is for you to decide.

It is time for us to do this.

There is a lot of work for us to do.

I'd like you to do it.