中英语语法反意疑问句归纳总结

中英语语法反意疑问句

反意疑问句是由两部分组成的，前一部分是对事物的陈述（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（即简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开。

如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用yes或no来表示。

一、含be(is, are, was, were)动词的反意疑问句

其句型是：句型1:主语+ be+其它，isn’t(aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t)+ 主语?

句型2:主语+ be not+其它，is(are, was, were) + 主语?

① You are from America, aren’t you? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.

② It isn’t very cold today, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

③ Tom was away yesterday, wasn’t he? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.

④ The Green weren’t at home last night, were they? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.

⑤ Mary is reading English now, isn’t she? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.

⑥ Your parents aren’t going to have a party this Sunday, are they?

Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

⑦ The girls were singing when the teacher came in, weren’t they?

Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.

注意：There be句型

① There is an old picture on the wall, isn’t there?

Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.

② There aren’t any children in the room, are there?

Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.

③ There wasn’t a telephone call for me, was there?

Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t.

④ There were enough people to pick apples, weren’t there?

Yes, there were. No there weren’t.

二、行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句

其句型是：句型1: 主语+动词原形+其它，don’t I(you, we, they)?

句型2: 主语+ don’t+动词原形+其它，do I(you, we, they)?

句型3: 主语+动词第三人称单数+其它，doesn’t he(she, it)?

句型4: 主语+ doesn’t+动词原形+其它，does he(she, it)?

① You often watch TV in the evening, don’t you? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

② The students don’t study hard, do they? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.

③ Mary studies Chinese hard, doesn’t she? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.

④ The boy doesn’t often go to school by bike, does he?

Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.

⑤ The first class begins at eight, doesn’t it? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.

三、行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句

其句型是：句型1: 主语+动词过去式+其它，didn’t+主语?

句型2: 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它，did +主语?

① You watched TV last night, didn’t you? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

② Jim’s parents didn’t go to Hong Kong last month, did they?

Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.

③ The rain stopped, didn’t it? Yes, it did. No, it didn’t.

④ Mr. Clarke didn’t buy a car, didn’t he? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.

四、一般将来时的反意疑问句

其句型是：句型1: 主语+will+动词原形+其它，won’t+主语?

句型2: 主语+ won’t +动词原形+其它，will +主语?

① The boys will play games, won’t they? Yes, they will. No, they won’t.

② It won’t stop raining, will it? Yes, it will. No, it won’t.

③ Mr. Smith will visit our school next week, won’t he? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.

注意：There be句型的一般将来时

① There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t there?

Yes, there will. No, there won’t.

② There won’t be too much pollution in the future, will there?

Yes, there will. No, there won’t.

五、现在完成时的反意疑问句

其句型是：句型1: 主语+have+动词过去分词+其它，haven’t+主语?

句型2: 主语+ haven’t +动词过去分词+其它，have +主语?

句型3: 主语+has+动词过去分词+其它，hasn’t+主语?

句型4: 主语+ hasn’t +动词过去分词+其它，has +主语?

① You have been to Shanghai before, haven’t you? Yes I have. No, I haven’t.

② You haven’t been to Shanghai before, have you? Yes I have. No, I haven’t.

③ Jack has done his homework, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.

④ Jack hasn’t done his homework, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.

六、现在完成进行时的反意疑问句

其句型是：句型1: 主语+have been+动词现在分词+其它，haven’t+主语?

句型2: 主语+ haven’t been +动词现在分词+其它，have +主语?

句型3: 主语+has been +动词现在分词+其它，hasn’t+主语?

句型4: 主语+ hasn’t been +动词现在分词+其它，has +主语?

① You have been skating for five hours, haven’t you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’

t.

② You haven’t been skating for five hours, have you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’

t.

③ Bob has been collecting kites since 1999, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’

t.

④ Bob hasn’t been collecting kites since 1999, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’

t.

七、含有情态动词的反意疑问句

其句型是：句型1: 主语+情态动词+动词原形+其它，情态动词否定形式+主语?

句型2: 主语+情态动词否定形式+动词原形+其它，情态动词+主语?

① You can speak French, can’t you? Yes, I can. No, I can’t.

② They can’t understand me, can they? Yes, they can. No, they can’t.

③ Ann could swim when she was six, couldn’t she? Yes, she could. No, she couldn’

t.

④ The students must study hard, mustn’t they? Yes, they must. No, they needn’t.

注意：You must go home now, needn’t you? Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.

★值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），

而是用上了“never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody”等词，这时该陈述句也属于否定句，因此，反意疑问句的后半部分应用肯定疑问式。

① You have never been to Beijing, have you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

② Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.

③ There is little milk in the bottle, is there? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.

④ He could do nothing, could he? Yes, he could. No, he couldn’t.

八、祈使句用于反意疑问句中

这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。回答也较灵活。

句型1: Let me+动词原形+其它，shall I?

Let me open the door, shall I?

Yes, please. No, thanks.

句型2: Let’s+动词原形+其它，shall we?

Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Good idea! Sorry, I can’t.

句型3: 其它形式的祈使句，will you?

Come into the classroom, will you? OK.

反意疑问句综述

反意疑问句提出情况或看法，问对方同不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句。

1．一般情况下，如陈述句中含有助动词、情态动词或系动词be, 则在附加疑问句中应重复此助动词、情态动词或系动词be, 问句中的主语应与前面陈述句的主语同指一个(些)人或物。如：

He has finished his homework, hasn’t he?

She can’t swim, can she?

Mary is a college student, isn’t she?

2．如陈述句部分中谓语动词仅为实义动词。则应借助于助动词do 的适当形式引导问句。附加疑问句部分的主语与陈述句的主语一致。如：

You went home yesterday, didn’t you?

He likes playing basketball, doesn’t he?

3．如陈述句部分是 I 引导的主系表结构组成，附加疑问句部分的主语仍用第一人称单数，但谓语动词应用are的某种形式，一般不用am。如：

I’m a teacher, aren’t I / ain’t I?

4．若陈述句部分为祈使句，则附加疑问句部分中用will you 或 won’t you。如：Be quick, won’t you / will you?

Let us have a rest, will you / won’t you?

但如陈述句部分为否定祈使句，附加疑问句部分用will you。如：

Don’t smoke here, will you?

Don’t make so mush noise, will you?

如果陈述句部分为let’s 开头的祈使句，附加疑问句部分用“shall we?”。如：Let’s stop here, shall we?

5．如陈述句部分含有hardly, seldom, never, little, few, never等否定意义的

词时，附加疑问句部分要用肯定形式。如：

He hardly raised his head, did he?

She is never here on time, is she？

6．如陈述句部分的主语为nothing, nobody, none, no one 等含有否定意义的不定代词时，附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。如：

Nothing has happened, has it?

No one knows about it, does he?

7．如陈述句部分的主语为表示物的不定代词everything, something, nothing, anything等时，附加疑问句部分主语应是it。如：

Nothing has been taken away, has it?

Everything is right, isn’t it?

8．陈述句部分的主语为表示人的不定代词no one, someone, nobody, everyone, anybody, anyone等时，附加疑问句部分主语用they 或 he。如：

Everybody knows how to do it, don’t they/ doesn’t he?

Nobody was there, wasn’t he / weren’t they?

9．如陈述句部分的谓动词或表语是通过加前缀构成的否定词，附加疑问句部分用否定形式。如：

He is unfit for the job, isn’t he?

They discovered the secret, didn’t they?

It is unnecessary to write down all the words and phrases, isn’t it?

10.陈述句部分的主语是“none+of+ n.”, 附加疑问句部分的谓语在人称和数上应和这个名词保持一致。如：

None of the students went there, did they?

None of the dish smells good, does it?

11. 陈述句部分是一个复合句，附加疑问句部分的主语谓语在人称和数上一般与主句保持一致。如：

He said he would help me, didn’t he?

You promised that you would do me a favour, didn’t you?

12．在复合句中，如果主句的主语是I，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess 等时,附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语应和从句保持一致。当主句或从句中出现否定词时，则附加疑问句部分一律用肯定形式。如：

I don’t think you are right, are you?

I believe he will come today, won’t he?

I suppose you know him, don’t you?

13．陈述句部分的谓语动词是wish，附加疑问句部分应用“may+主语”。如：

I wish to go there tomorrow, may I?

I wish to have a word with you, may I?

14．陈述句部分是there be 句型时，附加疑问句部分主语用“be there”的适当形式。如：

There are a lot of students in the hall, aren’t there?

There won’t be any trouble, will there?

There is something wrong, isn’t there?

15．陈述句部分的主语为this 或that，附加疑问句部分的主语用代词it；如果是these 或those，用they。如：

This is a desk, isn’t it?

These are books, aren’t they?

16．当动词不定式、动名词短语、从句作主语时，附加疑问句部分主语用it，谓语动词由陈述句部分决定。如：

To see is to believe, isn’t it?

What he said is true, isn’t it?

Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?

Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?

17．如果陈述句部分由两个或以上的并列句组成，则附加疑问句部分的主谓语应和最后一个分句保持一致。如： He studies hard and he is the best one in his class, isn’t he?

He got up late, and he didn’t arrive on time, did he?

He has been writing letters all afternoon, and he should be finished, shouldn’t he?

18．当陈述句部分含有情态动词must，且表示推测意义“一定”、“想必”时，附加疑问句部分不能用must，而应根据陈述句部分的不定式结构采用相应的主动词或助动词。

(1) must be, must be doing 的反意问句用be not 的简略式。如：

He must be your friend, isn’t he?

They must be hunting in the mountains, aren’t they?

(2) must +have done (been) 时，若动作在过去发生，用didn’t / wasn’t / weren’t；若动作延续但现在或已经完成，则用haven’t/ hasn’t。如：

He must have been a schoolboy when the war broke out, wasn’t he?

He must have joined the army when he left home, didn’t he?

Charlie must have worked here for 12 years, hasn’t he?

It’s one o’clock in the afternoon. They must have had lunch, haven’t they?

(3) must+动词原型（be,have除外)，用do / does / did not 的简略式，若must 后接表示“有”的意思的have，则用have / has / had not 或 do / did/ dose not皆可。如：

He must feel terrible, doesn’t he?

You must have a lot of jewels, haven’t / don’t you?

19．当陈述句部分的must 表示“必须”时，附加疑问句部分用mustn’t; must 表示“有必要”时，附加疑问句部分用needn’t；mustn’t 表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分一般用must,有时用may。如：

You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?

I must answer the letter, mustn’t it?

You must go back right now, needn’t you?

You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?

20．当陈述句部分含有情态动词ought to 时，附加疑问句部分可以用oughtn’t ( in British English)，也可以用shouldn’t(in American English)。如：

You ought to go there, oughtn’t you / shouldn’t you?

21．当陈述句部分含有情态动词need，dare 时，如果need, dare 为情态动词，则附加疑问句部分应重复此动词；如果是实意动词时，则要借助助动词do。如：You dare to swim in the sea, don’t you?

He needn’t say sorry to me, need he?

22．当陈述句部分的谓语动词是have 时,附加疑问句部分应视不同情况采用不同形式。

(1) have意为“有”时，附加疑问句部分采用have或do 的形式。如：

She has two children, hasn’t she?/doesn’t she?

She doesn’t have a new bike, does she?

(2) 其他情况下，则应借助于do。如：

They had a meeting here yesterday, didn’t they?

23．陈述句部分以代词one 作主语时，附加疑问句部分在正式场合用one，非正式的用you。如：

One can’t be too careful, can one (canyou )?

24．陈述句部分用had better结构时，附加疑问句部分用had。如：

You had better finish the experiment, hadn’t you?

25. 陈述句部分用have to do sth. 结构时,附加疑问句部分借助于助动词do的适当形式。如：

I have to do the work now, don’t I?

She had to give up the plan, didn’tshe?

We have to finish the composition in class, don’t we?

26.当陈述句部分用used to 时，附加疑问句部分用used to形式或did形式。如：

He used to have a walk after supper, usedn’t he / didn’t he?

27．陈述句部分是感叹句时，附加疑问句部分应用否定形式，其主语取决于表示感叹的对象采用相应的代词，且用动词be的现在时。如：

What a lovely day, isn’t it?

What colours, aren’t they?

What a stupid boy, isn’t he?

How delighted, isn’t he?

28．陈述句部分用neither...nor...，either...or...并列主语时，附加疑问句部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。如：

Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we?

Neither you or he studies politics, don’t they?

29．当对某人的话表示怀疑或讽刺时，用简略的形式重复对方的话，然后再加上反意问句，陈述句部分和附加疑问句部分的形式应取得一致，要么都肯定，要么都否定。如：Jack: Tom told me he saw a snake last night.

Mary: He did, did he?

30．陈述句部分有语气词so, ah, oh等时,附加疑问句部分与陈述句部分应该同为肯定或否定，这类反意问句往往带有感情色彩。如：

So you are a student, are you?

So she can’t swim, can’t she?

反意疑问句的特殊情况如下：

1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren”t I.

I”m as tall as your sister，aren”t I?

2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

I wish to have a word with you, may I?

3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn”t / oughtn”t +主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn”t he? / shouldn”t he?

5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don”t +主语（didn”t +主语）。

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don”t we?

6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn”t +主语或 usedn”t +主语。

He used to take pictures there, didn”t he? / usedn”t he?

7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn”t you?

You”d better read it by yourself, hadn”t you?

8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn”t +主语。

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn”t he?

9) 陈述部分有You”d like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn”t +主语。

You”d like to go with me, wouldn”t you?

10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

He must be a doctor, isn”t he?

You must have studied English for three years, haven”t you? / didn”t you?

He must have finished it yesterday, didn”t he?

11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。

What colours, aren”t they?

What a smell, isn”t it?

12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

Everything is ready, isn”t it?

14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn”t he?

b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：

He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn”t he?

c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

I don”t think he is bright, is he?

We believe she can do it better, can”t she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。

Everyone knows the answer, don”t they? (does he?)

Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。

We need not do it again, need we ?

He dare not say so, dare you?

当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

She doesn”t dare to go home alone, does she?

17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。

Don”t do that again, will you?

Go with me, will you / won”t you ?

注意： Let”s 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?

Let”s go and listen to the music, shall we?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

There is something wrong with your watch, isn”t there?

There will not be any trouble, will there?

19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

It is impossible, isn”t it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20) must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。

He must be there now, isn”t he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won”t it?