最全英语代词的用法讲解及练习题

最全英语代词的用法讲解及练习题
最全英语代词的用法讲解及练习题

英语代词的用法讲解及练习题

1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;

2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;

3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;

4 常见不定代词的一般用法;

5. 指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;

6. 相互代词的基本用法;

7. 疑问代词的基本用法。

8. 关系代词的基本用法。

【名师点睛】

代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。

一。人称代词

1.人称代词的人称、数和格。

2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如:

I like table tennis. (作主语)

Do you know him?(作宾语)

3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:

---Whos is knocking at the door?

---It’s me.

4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如:

He is older than me.

He is older than I am.

二。物主代词

1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性

物主代词。

2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:

Our teacher is coming to see us.

This is her pencil-box.

3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。

Our school is here,and theirs is there.(作主语)

--- Is this English-book yours?(作表语)

--- No. Mine is in my bag.

I‘ve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?(作宾语)

三。指示代词

指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。

1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those

则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:

This is a pen and that is a pencil.

We are busy these days.

In those days the workers had a hard time.

2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲

到的事物,例如:

I had a cold. That’s why I didn‘t come.

What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.

3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:

Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.

4. this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如:

Hello!This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?

四。反身代词

英语中用来表示“我自己”,“你自己”,“他自己”,“我们自己”,“你们自己”

等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。

反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。

1. 作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人

或一些人。

He called himself a writer.

Would you please express yourself in English?

2. 作表语。

It doesn’t matter.I‘ll be myself soon.

The girl in the news is myself.

3. 作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。

I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主语同位语)

You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语)

五。不定代词

不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表

语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:

1. some与any的区别

1)some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。

Look!Some of the students are cleaning the library.

。Some rice in the bag has been sold out.

2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。

If you have any questions,please ask me.

There isn’t any orange in the bottle.

Have you got any tea?

3)any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。

How many people can you see in the picture?

I can‘t see any.

If you have no money,I’ll lend you some.

注意:与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some,any的用法相同。

2. few,a few,little,a little在用法上的区别

1)用作形容词:

含义

用法表示肯定表示否定

用于可数名词a few虽少,但有几个few不多,几乎没有

用于不可数名词a little,虽少,但有一点little不多,没有什么

I‘m going to buy a few apples.

He can speak only a little Chinese.

There is only a little milk in the glass.

He has few friends.

They had little money with them

2)a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。

I’m a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)

Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)

Mary,go a little faster,please. (修饰副词比较级)

She slept very little last night.

3. other,the other,another,others,the others的区别。

用法

代名词形容词

单数复数单数复数

不定another

另一个others

别人,其他人another (boy)

另一个(男孩)other (boys)

其他男孩

特定the other

另一个the others

其余那些人、物the other (boy)

另一个男孩the other (boys)

其余那些男孩

1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别

的”。

Where are his other books?

I haven‘t any other books except this one.

2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one 。..,the other 。..”句型。

He has two brothers. One is 10 years old ,the other is 5 years old.

She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.

3)other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some 。..。,others 。..”句型。

Some went to the cinema,others went swimming.

This coat is too large. Show me some others,please.

4)“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。

We got home by 4 o’clock,but the others didn‘t get back until 8 o’clock.

In our class only Tom is English,the others are Chinese.

5)another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one.

You can see another ship in the sea,can‘t you?

Mary doesn’t want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?

6)another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。

I‘m still hungry after I’ve had this cake. Please give me another.

4. every与each的区别。

eachevery

1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用

2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词

3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”,毫无例外

4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物

The teacher gave a toy to each child.

Each ball has a different colour.

当我们说each child,each student或each teacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此。

Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.

Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.

5. all和both的用法。

1)all指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。

All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语)

= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)

All the water has been used up. (作主语)

That‘s all for today. (作表语)

Why not eat all (of)the fish?(作宾语)

All the leaders are here. (作定语)

2)both作代词。

①与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”。

Lucy and Lily both agree with us.

They both passed on their sticks at the same time.

How are your parents?They’re both fine.

②与“of +代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”。

Both of them came to see Mary.

Both of the books are very interesting.

③单独使用,表示“两者(都)”。

Michael has two sons. Both are clever.

I don‘t know which book is the better,I shall read both.

3)both用作形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都”。

Both his younger sisters are our classmates.

。There are tall trees on both sides of the street.

六。相互代词

表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形式。在当代英语中,each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。

We should learn from each other / one another. (作宾语)

Do you often write to each other / one another?(作宾语)

We often borrow each other’s / one another‘s books. (作定语)

The students corrected each other’s / one another‘s mistakes in their homework.

(作定语)

七。疑问代词

疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑

问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如:

Who is going to come here tomorrow?(作主语)

What is that?(作表语)

Whose umbrella is this?(作定语)

Whom are you waiting for?(作宾语)

八。关系代词

关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语。在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如:

I hate people who talk much but do little.

I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.

With the money that he had saved,he went on with his studies.

Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?

【实例解析】

1.Mary,please show ________ your picture.

A. my

B. mine

C. I

D. me

答案:D。该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在本题中,动词show的后面要跟双宾语,空白处缺少一个间接宾语,所以应选me。

2. ---What’s on TV tonight?Is there _________ interesting?

---I’m afraid not.

A. something

B. anything

C. nothing

D. everything

答案:B。该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中,通常用anything。

3. ________ of them has his own opinion.

A. Both

B. Some

C. Every

D. Each

答案:D。该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式,所以Both和Some 都不对。Every 不能作主语,所以只有Each合适。

4.---Where is my pen?

---Oh,sorry. I have taken _______ by mistake.

A. yours

B. his

C. mine

D. hers

答案:A。该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景,我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的,所以选yours。

(完整版)英语代词的用法全归纳

英语词类 英语中的词可以根据词义、语法功能和形式特征分为十大类,即名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、形容词(adjective)、副词(adverb)、动词(verb)、数词(numeral)、冠词(article)、介词(preposition)、连词(conjunctions)和感叹词(int erjection)。 英语代词的用法全归纳 一、定义与分类 代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况,在这九类代词中,不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。 二:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词用法概述 这三种代词都有人称(第一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,性(阴性、阳性、中性)以及格(主格、宾格)的变化。 物主代词又包括两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意:形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。 这三种代词的形式变化表如下:

三、人称代词的用法 1) 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。 如:I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student. Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing. The boys are students, and they are in the room. The doy is small. It is Tom's. 2)人称代词的句法功能 A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语。 B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。 如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语)

英语代词用法详解

代词: 1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、 反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。 2、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如:I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?)/ Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?)/ That’s

it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他!) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的 英语?) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或 as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语 中大多用宾格。如:--Who is it?(是谁?)–It’s I/me.(是我。) 4、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如: Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?) –You and me.(你和 我) 5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时 间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以 作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定 式、动名词或者名词性从句。如:--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样?)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time?(几点啦?) –It’s 12:00.(12点) / It’s a long way to go.(那 可要走好长的路)/ It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know

高中英语语法总结大全-代词

高中英语语法总结大全之代词 人称代词的用法 1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如: John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。 说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如: When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。 2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her作主语补语) a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶? b. -- Me.--我。(me作主语补语= It's me.) 说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。 人称代词之主、宾格的替换 1) 宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语。 ---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。 ---- Me too.--我也喜欢。 ---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗? ---- Not me.--我可不要了。 b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。 He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am. 2) 主格代替宾格 a. 在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。 b. 在电话用语中常用主格。 ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。 ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。 注意:在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。 I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格) I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格) I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格) They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)

英语中代词的用法

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英语各种代词用法归纳

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