SPSS软件应用具体操作及结果分析

SPSS软件操作练习

参考书：《生物统计学》张勤主编（第2版）

一、均数差异显著性检验

（一）单个样本t测验

（二）独立样本测验（两个样本重组比较）

（三）两个样本配对比较

二、方差分析

（一）单因素方差分析（样本量相等、样本量不等）

三、相关回归分析

相关分析：Analyze→Correlate→Bivariate（简单相关）

相关回归：Analyze→Regression→Linear 注意：Dependent：因变量y Independent：自变量x

四、卡方测验

（一）独立性：Date Weight→Cases→Frequency Variable（观察值)→ok

Analyze→Descriptive Statistics→Crosstabs→Row(行）、Columns(列)→Statistics→Chi-Square （二）适合性测验：Date Weight→Cases→Frequency Variable（观察值)→ok

Analyze→Nonparametric Tests→Chi-Squareic（注意比例的填写）

五、两因素方差分析

（一）两因素无重复值方差分析

（二）两因素有重复值方差分析

一、均数差异显著性检验

（一）单个样本t测验

P66 例5.1

One-Samp le Test

-1.035

.316-1.00000

-3.0486 1.0486

Vit

Sig. (2-tailed)Mean

Dif f

erence

Lower Upper 95% Conf

idence Interv al of the Dif f erence Test Value = 21

由结果可知：t=-1.035 sig=0.316>0.05 该批罐头的平均维生素C 与规定的21mg/g 无显著差异。注：Sig.(2-tailed) 双侧检验概率 95% confidence.... 差值的95%置信下线和置信上线

（二）独立样本测验（两个样本重组比较） P70 例5.3

Independent Samples Test

.812

.389

-.92310.378-.81000.87744-2.76507 1.14507-.923

9.363

.379

-.81000

.87744

-2.78325

1.16325

Equal v ariances

assumed

Equal v ariances not assumed

增重

Sig.Lev ene's Test f or Equality of Variances

t df

Sig. (2-tailed)Mean

D if f erence

Std. Error D if f erence

Lower U pper 95% Conf idence Interv al of the D if f erence t-test f or Equality of Means

由结果可知：两样本方差齐质性测验中 F=0.812 Sig=0.389>0.05 方差同质，因此选择t=-0.923 Sig=0.378>0.05 两种不同饲料对香猪生长无显著差异。注：Levene ’e text for equality of Variances 两样本方差齐质性检验

P73 例5.6

Independent Samples Test

8.208

.010

2.07118.0537.50000

3.62169-.1089015.108902.071

12.021

.061

7.50000

3.62169

-.38943

15.38943

Equal v ariances

assumed

Equal v ariances not assumed

增重

Sig.Lev ene's Test f or Equality of Variances

t df

Sig. (2-tailed)Mean

D if f erence

Std. Error D if f erence Lower U pper 95% Conf idence Interv al of the D if f erence t-test f or Equality of Means

由结果可知方差同质测验结果 F=8.208 sig=0.010<0.05 说明方差不同质，因此应选择t=2.071 df=12.021 sig=0.061>0.05

（三）两个样本配对比较 P75 例5.7

Paired Samples Test 812.50000546.25347193.12977355.820671269.179

4.207

7.004

正常饲料组 - VE 缺乏组Pair 1

Mean Std. Dev

iation

Std. Error

Mean Lower Upper

95% Conf idence Interv al of the Dif f erence Paired Dif f erences

Sig. (2-tailed)

有结果可知，t=4.207 sig=0.004<0.01 用正常日粮饲喂的动物肝脏中的维生素A 含量与用维生素E 饲喂的动物肝脏中的维生素A 的含量差异极显著。

注：Mean 差值均数 Std.deviation 差值的标准差 Std.error mean 差值的标准误

二、方差分析

（一）单因素方差分析（样本量相等、样本量不等） P83 例6.1

Test of Homogeneity of Variances 增重1.322

.302

Lev ene

Statistic df 1

df 2

Sig.

注：Test homogenity of variance 变异的同质性测验

方差同质测验结果 Sig=0.302>0.05 方差同质

ANOVA

增重

2970.0003990.00010.219

.001

1550.0001696.875

4520.000

Between Groups W ithin Groups Total

Sum of Squares df

Mean Square

F Sig.

F=10.219 Sig=0.001<0.05 差异显著需进行多重比较注：ANOV A 方差分析表

Between... within...total...组间、组内、总变异 Sum of squares 离均差平方和 Mean square 均方

Post Hot Tests 多重比较：

最小显著差数法（LSD 法）

Multiple C omparisons

D e pend ent Varia ble: 增重LSD

21.00000* 6.22495.0047.803734.196332.00000* 6.22495.00018.803745.196327.00000* 6.22495.00113.803740.1963-21.00000* 6.22495.004-34.1963-7.803711.00000 6.22495.096-2.196324.19636.00000 6.22495.349-7.196319.1963-32.00000* 6.22495.000-45.1963-18.8037-11.00000 6.22495.096-24.1963 2.1963-5.00000 6.22495.434-18.19638.1963-27.00000* 6.22495.001-40.1963-13.8037-6.00000 6.22495.349-19.19637.19635.00000 6.22495

.434

-8.196318.1963

(J ) 组别饲料2饲料3饲料4饲料1饲料3饲料4饲料1饲料2饲料4饲料1饲料2饲料3

(I ) 组别

饲料1

饲料2

饲料3

饲料4

Mean D if f erence

(I-J)Std. Error Sig.Lower Bound U pper Bound

95% Conf idence Interv al The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .05 lev el.

在a=0.05时，饲料1与饲料2、3、4差异显著；饲料2与饲料3、4差异不显著；

Multiple C omparisons

D e pend ent Varia ble: 增重

LSD

21.00000* 6.22495.004 2.818339.181732.00000* 6.22495.00013.818350.181727.00000* 6.22495.0018.818345.1817-21.00000* 6.22495.004-39.1817-2.818311.00000 6.22495.096-7.181729.18176.00000 6.22495.349-12.181724.1817-32.00000* 6.22495.000-50.1817-13.8183-11.00000 6.22495.096-29.18177.1817-5.00000 6.22495.434-23.181713.1817-27.00000* 6.22495.001-45.1817-8.8183-6.00000 6.22495.349-24.181712.18175.00000 6.22495

.434

-13.181723.1817

(J ) 组别饲料2饲料3饲料4饲料1饲料3饲料4饲料1饲料2饲料4饲料1饲料2饲料3

(I ) 组别

饲料1

饲料2

饲料3

饲料4

Mean D if f erence

(I-J)Std. Error Sig.Lower Bound U pper Bound

99% Conf idence Interv al The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .01 lev el.

在a=0.01时饲料1与饲料2、3、4差异极显著；饲料2与饲料3、4差异不显著

新复极差法（Duncan ’s 法）

Homogeneous Subsets 表

增重

D uncan a

518.0000523.0000529.0000

50.0000

.112 1.000

组别饲料3饲料4饲料2饲料1Sig.

12Subset f or alpha = .05

Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed

U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.

在a=0.05时饲料2、3、4间差异不显著，饲料1与饲料2、3、4差异显著

增重

D uncan a

518.0000523.0000529.0000

50.0000

.112 1.000

组别饲料3饲料4饲料2饲料1Sig.

12Subset f or alpha = .01

Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed

U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.

P97 3

Test of Homogeneity of Variances 增重3.169

.031

Lev ene Statistic df 1

df 2

Sig.

Sig=0.031<0.05 方差不同质（此时需对数据进行转换后在进行方差分析，详见书P290）

ANOVA

增重

2541.6674635.4177.252

.001

2190.5002587.620

4732.167

Between Groups W ithin Groups Total

Sum of Squares df

Mean Square

F Sig.

F=7.252 Sig=0.001<0.01

Multiple Co mparisons

D e pend ent Var iable: 增重LSD

1.66667 5.4043

2.760-9.463712.7971-21.66667* 5.40432

.000-32.7971-10.5363.83333 5.40432.879-10.297111.96372.50000 5.40432.648-8.630413.6304-1.66667 5.40432.760-12.79719.4637-23.33333* 5.40432.000-34.4637-12.2029-.83333 5.40432.879-11.963710.2971.83333 5.40432.879-10.297111.963721.66667* 5.40432.00010.536332.797123.33333* 5.40432.00012.202934.463722.50000* 5.40432.00011.369633.630424.16667* 5.40432.00013.036335.2971-.83333 5.40432.879-11.963710.2971.83333 5.40432.879-10.297111.9637-22.50000* 5.40432.000-33.6304-11.36961.66667 5.40432.760-9.463712.7971-2.50000 5.40432.648-13.63048.6304-.83333 5.40432.879-11.963710.2971-24.16667* 5.40432.000-35.2971-13.0363-1.66667 5.40432

.760

-12.79719.4637

(J ) 5种不同品种的幼猪在相同饲养管理下的增重记录品种2品种3品种4品种5品种1品种3品种4品种5品种1品种2品种4品种5品种1品种2品种3品种5品种1品种2品种3品种4

(I ) 5种不同品种的幼猪在相同饲养管理下的增重记录品种1

品种2

品种3

品种4

品种5

Mean D if f erence

(I-J)Std. Error Sig.

Lower Bound U pper Bound

95% Conf idence Interv al The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .05 lev el.

在a=0.05时，品种1与品种3差异显著，与品种2、4、5差异不显著；品种2与品种3差异显著、与品种4、5差异不显著；品种3与品1、2、4、5差异显著。

Multiple Co mparisons

D e pend ent Var iable: 增重LSD

1.66667 5.4043

2.760-1

3.397516.7309-21.66667* 5.40432

.000-36.7309-6.6025.83333 5.40432.879-14.230915.89752.50000 5.40432.648-12.564217.5642-1.66667 5.40432.760-16.730913.3975-23.33333* 5.40432.000-38.3975-8.2691-.83333 5.40432.879-15.897514.2309.83333 5.40432.879-14.230915.897521.66667* 5.40432.000 6.602536.730923.33333* 5.40432.0008.269138.397522.50000* 5.40432.0007.435837.564224.16667* 5.40432.0009.102539.2309-.83333 5.40432.879-15.897514.2309.83333 5.40432.879-14.230915.8975-22.50000* 5.40432.000-37.5642-7.43581.66667 5.40432.760-13.397516.7309-2.50000 5.40432.648-17.564212.5642-.83333 5.40432.879-15.897514.2309-24.16667* 5.40432.000-39.2309-9.1025-1.66667 5.40432

.760

-16.730913.3975

(I ) 5种不同品种的幼猪在相同饲养管理下的增重记录品种1

品种2

品种3

品种4

品种5

Mean D if f erence

(I-J)Std. Error Sig.

Lower Bound U pper Bound

99% Conf idence Interv al The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .01 lev el.

在a=0.01时.。。。。邓肯法

ANOVA

增重

2541.6674635.4177.252

.001

2190.5002587.620

4732.167

Between Groups W ithin Groups Total

Sum of

Squares df

Mean Square

F Sig.

增重

Duncan

630.0000630.8333631.6667632.5000

54.1667

.678 1.000

5种不同品种的幼猪在相同饲养管理下的增重记录品种5品种2品种4品种1品种3Sig.

12Subset f or alpha = .05

Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.

Uses Harm onic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

增重

Duncan

630.0000630.8333631.6667632.5000

54.1667

.678 1.000

5种不同品种的幼猪在相同饲养管理下的增重记录品种5品种2品种4品种1品种3Sig.

12Subset f or alpha = .01

Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.

Uses Harm onic Mean Sample Size = 6.000.

P97 5

Test of Homogeneity of Variances 奶牛阴性乳房炎的阳性率.523

.602

Lev ene Statistic

df 1

df 2

Sig.ANOVA

奶牛阴性乳房炎的阳性率

2886.46121443.23018.070

.000

1437.6771879.871

4324.138

Between Groups W ithin Groups Total

Sum of Squares df

Mean Square

F Sig.

奶牛阴性乳房炎的阳性率

D uncan a

723.3143731.3143

51.2000

.111 1.000

组别地区3地区2地区1Sig.

12Subset f or alpha = .05

Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed

U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 7.000.

a. 奶牛阴性乳房炎的阳性率

D uncan a

23.3143731.3143

51.2000

.111 1.000

组别地区3地区2地区1Sig.

12Subset f or alpha = .01

Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 7.000.

方差同质测验结果：Sig=0.602>0.05 方差同质

由方差分析表可知：F=18.070 Sig=0.000<0.01 差异极显著需进行多重比较多重比较结果：

在a=0.05时地区2、3间差异不显著，地区1与地区2、3差异显著在a=0.01时地区2、3间差异不显著，地区1与地区2、3差异极显著

SAS 转换成SPSS

单因素试验（各处理重复数相等） DATA E; INPUT TRS y@@; Cards;

A1 15 A1 16 A1 15 A1 17 A1 18 A2 45 A2 42 A2 50 A2 38 A2 39 A3 30 A3 35 A3 29 A3 31 A3 35 A4 31 A4 28 A4 20 A4 25 A4 30

A5 40 A5 35 A5 31 A5 32 A5 30 ;

PROC anova; CLASS TR; Model y=TR; MEANS TR/T; RUN;

Test of Homogeneity of Variances 观察值1.804

.168

Lev ene Statistic df 1

df 2

Sig.

ANOVA

观察值

1905.4404476.36034.320

.000

277.6002013.880

2183.040

Between Groups W ithin Groups Total

Sum of Squares df

Mean Square

F Sig.

LSD 法：

Multiple C ompar isons

D e pend ent Varia ble: 观察值

-26.60000* 2.35627.000-31.5151-21.6849-15.80000* 2.35627.000-20.7151-10.8849-10.60000* 2.35627.000-15.5151-5.6849-17.40000* 2.35627.000-22.3151-12.484926.60000* 2.35627.00021.684931.515110.80000* 2.35627.000 5.884915.715116.00000* 2.35627.00011.084920.91519.20000* 2.35627.001 4.284914.115115.80000* 2.35627.00010.884920.7151-10.80000* 2.35627.000-15.7151-5.88495.20000* 2.35627.039.284910.1151-1.60000 2.35627.505-6.5151 3.315110.60000* 2.35627.000 5.684915.5151-16.00000* 2.35627.000-20.9151-11.0849-5.20000* 2.35627.039-10.1151-.2849-6.80000* 2.35627.009-11.7151-1.884917.40000* 2.35627.00012.484922.3151-9.20000* 2.35627.001-14.1151-4.28491.60000 2.35627.505-3.3151 6.51516.80000* 2.35627

.009

1.884911.7151

(J ) 组别A2A3A4A5A1A3A4A5A1A2A4A5A1A2A3A5A1A2A3A4(I ) 组别

LSD

Mean D if f erence

(I-J)Std. Error Sig.Lower Bound U pper Bound

95% Conf idence Interv al The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .05 lev el.

a=0.05时 A3与A5差异不显著其他各组差异显著

Multiple C ompar isons

D e pend ent Varia ble: 观察值

-26.60000* 2.35627.000-33.3044-19.8956-15.80000* 2.35627.000-22.5044-9.0956-10.60000* 2.35627.000-17.3044-3.8956-17.40000* 2.35627.000-24.1044-10.695626.60000* 2.35627.00019.895633.304410.80000* 2.35627.000 4.095617.504416.00000* 2.35627.0009.295622.70449.20000* 2.35627.001 2.495615.904415.80000* 2.35627.0009.095622.5044-10.80000* 2.35627.000-17.5044-4.09565.20000 2.35627.039-1.504411.9044-1.60000 2.35627.505-8.3044 5.104410.60000* 2.35627.000 3.895617.3044-16.00000* 2.35627.000-22.7044-9.2956-5.20000 2.35627.039-11.9044 1.5044-6.80000* 2.35627.009-13.5044-.095617.40000* 2.35627.00010.695624.1044-9.20000* 2.35627.001-15.9044-2.49561.60000 2.35627.505-5.10448.30446.80000* 2.35627

.009

.095613.5044

(J ) 组别A2A3A4A5A1A3A4A5A1A2A4A5A1A2A3A5A1A2A3A4(I ) 组别

LSD

Mean D if f erence

(I-J)Std. Error Sig.Lower Bound U pper Bound

99% Conf idence Interv al The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .01 lev el.

a=0.01时 A3与A4 A5差异不显著其他各组差异极显著

邓肯法：

观察值

516.2000

526.8000

532.0000

533.6000

42.80001.000

1.000

.505

1.000

组别A1A4A3A5A2Sig.

D uncan

a N

1234

Subset f or alpha = .05

Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.U ses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.

观察值

516.2000

526.8000532.0000533.6000

42.8000

1.000.012 1.000

组别

A1A4A3A5A2Sig.

D uncan

a N

123Subset f or alpha = .01Means f or groups in homogeneous subsets are display ed.U ses Harm onic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.

有方差同质表可知：Sig=0.168>0.05 方差同质

由方差分析表可知：F=34.320 Sig=0.000<0.01 差异极显著需进行多重比较： LSD 法:

在a=0.05 A3与A5差异不显著其他各组差异显著在a=0.01 A3与A4 A5差异不显著其他各组差异极显著邓肯法:

在a=0.05 A3与A5差异不显著其他各组差异显著在a=0.01 A3与A4 A5差异不显著其他各组差异极显著综上：A3与A5差异不显著 A3与A4差异显著其他各组差异极显著

二、相关回归分析

相关分析： Analyze →Correlate →Bivariate （简单相关）

相关回归：Analyze →Regression →Linear 注意：Dependent ：因变量y Independent ：自变量x

P125 例9.1

Correlation s

.888**.001

1010.888**1.0011010

Pearson Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed)N

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)N

305天的产奶量X

150天的产奶量Y

305天的产奶量X

150天的产奶量Y

Correlation is signif icant at the 0.01 lev el (2-tailed).

**.

有结果可知，相关系数r=0.888 sig=0.001<0.01 所以存在极显著相关

Model Summary

.888a .788

.761

4.94143

Model 1

R R Square

Adjusted

R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

Pre dicto rs: (C ons tant ), 305天的产奶量X

R=0.888

ANOVA

725.1581725.15829.698.001a

195.342824.418

920.500

Regression Residual Total

Model 1

Sum of Squares df

Mean Square

F Sig.Pre dicto rs: (C onst ant ), 305天的产奶量X a. De pend ent Var iable: 150天的产奶量Y

有方差分析表可知 F=29.698 sig=0.001 <0.01 回归关系极显著存在

Coefficients

-18.31614.912-1.228.2542.184.401

.888

5.450.001

(Constant)

305天的产奶量X

Model 1

B Std. Error Unstandardized Coef f icients Beta

Standardized

Coef f icients

Sig.De pend ent Var iable: 150天的产奶量Y

由上表可知：a=-18.316 b=2.184 y=-18.316+2.184X

对回归截距a 进行显著性测验：t=-1.228 sig=0.254>0.05 回归截距存在不显著/回归截距存在没有统计学意义

对回归系数b 进行显著性测验：t=5.450 sig=0.001<0.01 回归关系极显著存在

P135 9.2

Correlations 表

Correlatio ns

1.818**

.004

1010.818**1.0041010

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)N

体重

饲料消耗

体重

饲料消耗Correlation is signif icant at the 0.01 lev el (2-tailed).

**.

Regreesion 表

Model Summary

.818a .670

.629

2.36560

Model

R R Square

Adjusted

R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

Pre dicto rs: (C ons tant ), 体重

ANOVA

90.836190.83616.232.004a

44.7688 5.596

135.604

Regression Residual Total

Model 1

Sum of Squares df

Mean Square

F Sig.Pre dicto rs: (C onst ant ), 体重a. De pend ent Var iable: 饲料消耗

Coefficien ts

55.2639.535 5.796.0007.690 1.909

.818

4.029.004

(Constant)体重

Model 1

B Std. Error Unstandardized Coef f icients Beta

Standardized

Coef f icients

Sig.De pend ent Var iable: 饲料消耗

R=0.818 抽样误差Sig=0.004 <0.01体重和饲料消耗存在极显著相关；有方差分析表可知，F=16.232 sig=0.004<0.01 回归关系极显著存在； a=55.263 b=7.690 y=55.263+7.690X

回归截距t=5.796 sig=0.000<0.01回归截距极显著存在回归系数t=4.029 sig=0.004<0.01回归系数极显著存在 P144 3

Correlatio ns

1.847**.0021010.847**1

.00210

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)N

胸围

体重

胸围

体重

Correlation is signif icant at the 0.01 lev el (2-tailed).

**.

R=0.847 sig=0.002<0.01 胸围与体重存在极显著相关体重Y 对胸围X

ANOVA

b 415.1411415.14120.393.002a

162.859820.357

578.000

R egression R esidual Total

Model

Sum of Squares df

Mean Square

F Sig.Pre dicto rs: (C onst ant ), 胸围a. D e pend ent Var iable: 体重

F=20.393 sig=0.002<0.01 回归关系极显著存在

C oefficien ts

-115.37540.632-2.839.0222.547.564

.847

4.516.002

(Constant)胸围

Model 1

B Std. Error U nstandardized

C oef f icients Beta

Standardized

C oef f icients

Sig.D e pend ent Var iable: 体重

a=-115.375 b=2.547 y=-115.375+2.547X

对回归截距：t=-2.839 sig=0.022<0.05 回归截距显著存在对回归系数：t=4.516 sig=0.002<0.01 回归关系极显著存在

胸围Y 对体重X

ANOVA

b 45.967145.96720.393.002a

18.0338 2.254

64.000

R egression R esidual Total

Model

Sum of Squares df

Mean Square

F Sig.Pre dicto rs: (C onst ant ), 体重a. D e pend ent Var iable: 胸围

F=20.393 sig=0.002<0.01 回归关系极显著存在

C oefficien ts

52.824 4.27312.362.000.282.062

.847

4.516.002

(Constant)体重

Model 1

B Std. Error U nstandardized

C oef f icients Beta

Standardized

C oef f icients

Sig.D e pend ent Var iable: 胸围

a=52.824 b=0.282 y=52.824+0.282X

对回归截距假设性测验：t=12.362 sig=0.000<0.01回归截距极显著存在对回归系数假设性测验：t=4.516 sig=0.002<0.01 回归关系极显著存在 P145.4

Correlations

1.939**.00277.939**1.00277

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)N 日龄20天体重Y

初生重X

日龄20天体重Y 初生重X

Correlation is signif icant at the 0.01 lev el (2-tailed).

**.

Model Summary

.939a .882

.859

.148813

Model

R R Square Adjusted

R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

Pre dicto rs: (C ons tant ), 初生重X