2015年高考英语真题 阅读新题型

专题十七阅读理解之阅读新题型

1.【2015·北京卷】第二节（共5 小题；每小题2 分。共10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。

This Way to Dreamland

Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers hav e a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?

So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?

First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it whil e you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.

It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, bei ng focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling

asleep.__74__

Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.____75_

Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.

A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.

B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.

D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.

G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the

daydream zone.

【解析】

【考点定位】生活类短文阅读

【名师点睛】本文是七选五常考的建议类说明文，第1、2自然段为概念的提出及导入，第3段明确了下文的内容：如何在“白日做梦”中趋利避害。文章结构清晰，干扰选项较易排除，整体难度不大，文章的主题“如何培养创新的想法”，除了理解整篇文章及选项外还要注意文章中的副词，代词，逻辑连接词以及特殊概念名词的出现。文章结构清晰，可读性强，提示词明显。因此，日常练习中要侧重以抓住文章结构及段落主旨为主，兼顾辨析选项，尤其是根据核心词排除干扰项的做题技巧。学生需要遵循先易后难的原则，来提高正确率。

2.【2015·江苏】任务型阅读 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)

请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.

In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.

News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.

News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to

tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance —as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.

For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.

【答案】

71．rewards/rewarded

72．Explanations

73．involvement

74．share

75．threat

76．prepare

77．withdraw

78．profession(s)/intention

79．adapt

80．depends

【解析】

试题分析：文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论，分析了不同人群对新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征，从新闻类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考察了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。难度较14年有所下降，重点考查考察信息转换题，涉及词性和词义转换，学生“有据可循”，归纳概括题比例明显下降。

71．信息查找题。根据“People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds.”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报/被奖励”。

72．信息归纳题。文章二、三、四段是对“immediate reward（即时回报）”和“delayed reward （迟来的回报）”的解释。

73．信息转换题。根据第三段第二句“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”可知此处填involvement“参与”。

74．信息归纳题。根据第三段中“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder … laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.”可知读者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起，和参与者有相似的感受。因此此处填share“同样有”。

75．信息查找题。根据第四段中“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance —as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, … It has a kind of ‘threat value.’”可知此处填threat“威胁”。

76．信息转换题。根据第四段中“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知此处填prepare，与后面的介词for搭配“为……做准备”。

77．信息查找题。根据第四段中“When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.”此处填withdraw “退出，离开”。78．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“For example, a sociologist may … A coach may …A politician may …”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填profession(s)“职业”/intention“意图，动机”。

79．信息查找题。根据第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。

80．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends，和后面的介词on搭配“取决于”。

【考点定位】任务型阅读。

【名师点睛】任务型阅读一般的解题思路可归纳为四步曲，即“审题”→“略读”→“边细读边解题”→“复核”。“审题”，即看清题目及要求，做到有的放矢，心中有数。“略读”，指的是快速阅读、掌握大意。了解阅读材料的文体，作者的观点和态度。“边细读边解题”，指通过细读题目和文章中相关信息完成指定任务。考生应注意表格前的小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句，有助于理解文章。理解表格设计，表格一般包括列标题和行标题，通过阅读这些标题和表格里的内容，可迅速了解表格的结构和表格的设计原理，同时也可缩小信息范围，确定考查内容。根据已填的内容来推断所填之词的形式，是单词或词组。填写答案时要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致。同时要注意时态、语态、句式等。“复核”即检查核对初步完成的

所要求的任务。注意拼写是否正确以及大小写等。

3.【2015·广东】信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

首先阅读下列活动介绍：

A. B.

D.

C.

E. F.

请根据以下人物介绍选择他们可能参加的活动：

46. Edward Leonardo Norton, connoisseur of Chinese and Japanese antiques. He has a strong interest in classical Chinese literary works. He even starts going to evening classes to learn classical Chinese at Columbia University.

47. Daphne Sui-yuan Tan, former director of National Association of Photographers. After reading some history books on how the first group of Chinese immigrants survived in America of the 19th century, she has become keen on her own family history and that of others.

48. Sharon Collins, pop singer and amateur photographer. Her marriage with a serious music critic has drawn her to his world, so she is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her husband.

49. Michelle Higgins, eminent photographer and columnist for quite a few internationally-known travel magazines. Recently, she has shown great interest in photo exhibits which feature young artists with Islamic or Chinese background.

50. Caroline Hugo, famous writer and influential movie critic. Last year her fantasy story which involved the mysterious Forbidden City received critical acclaim. Now she is conceiving a romance that has Shanghai of the 1930s as the setting.

【解析】

试题分析：

46. F根据Edward Leonardo Norton 对于中国的古典文学作品感兴趣，并且去上夜校来学习古典汉语。选项F叙述的是Kunqu Society是中国古典的戏院，把唱歌、跳舞和中国文学作品联系起来。这正符合Edward Leonardo Norton的要求，故选F。

47. C根据Daphne Sui-yuan Tan对于自己的以及其他人的家族历史感兴趣。选项C叙述的是legacy of my Chinese Family，关于家族的历史，这正符合Daphne Sui-yuan Tan的要求，故选C。

48. B根据Sharon Collins是一名歌手和业余摄影师，她对于古典音乐非常感兴趣，她不错过参加音乐会的任何机会。选项B叙述的是Picking partners将在4月23日召开音乐会，这正符合Edward Leonardo Norton的要求，故选B。

49. D根据Michelle Higgins对于摄影展非常感兴趣。选项D叙述的是一次摄影展在4月24日在纽约举行，这正符合Edward Leonardo Norton的要求，故选D。

50. E根据Caroline Hugo写过关于紫禁城一个故事，选项E叙述的是Forbidden Delights要讨论关于紫禁城的城市。

【考点定位】信息匹配。

【名师点睛】本题介绍了这5个人有不同的爱好和需求，广告栏中介绍不同的活动情况及各自的联系方式，为不同的人找到他们可能需要参加的活动，此题主要考查学生的语篇理解的能力，以及查读所需信息的能力。

4.【2015·陕西】第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从下框的A~F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。

A. The mistaken belief

B. The need for tolerance

C. Unpunctuality at dinners

D. Punctuality and confidence

E. Self-discipline and punctuality

F. Avoid anxiety by being punctual

61. A

There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view. Being unpunctual, we are not respectful of others ; we are interfering (扰乱)with another man's time. We must realise that keeping appointments or being

punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are expected to respect this contract. It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and confidence in a person who is tardy(延迟的).

62. E

To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others. A school boy or girl is unpunctual because he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of

self-discipline. It is also a mark of disrespect for a system or an institution. Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit cause problems to others. A salesman who is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job.

63. F

Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual. You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late. The person who sets out late might be careless in driving. He will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. can delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.

64. C

Many of those who attend dinners are notorious (声名狼藉的)for unpunctuality. They ignore the appointed time and leave their homes only after the fixed time. They are indifferent to the inconvenience caused to others. If the self-centred guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait. The host is put in an unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all -the waiters, the management staff, etc. It is necessary for us to think of others and be considerate to them.

65 B

However, we cannot always be intolerant (无法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance. There can be a busy executive who fights to keep to his schedule. Such a person may be forgiven if he is late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression.

In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a recognition of the importance of other people.

【解析】

试题分析：文章介绍的是人际交往中守时和自律的重要性，并介绍如何做到守时和自律。61.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子：There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view.可知这段的大意是：错误的观念，所以选

A.

62.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子：To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others.可知这段的大意是：自律和守时，所以选E。

63.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子：Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual.可知这段的大意是：避免守时造成的焦虑，所以选F。

64.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子：Many of those who attend dinners are notorious (声名狼藉的)for unpunctuality.可知这段的大意是：就餐时不守时，所以选C。

65.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子：However, we cannot always be intolerant (无法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance.可知这段的大意是：需要容忍，所以选B。【考点定位】考查信息匹配

【名师点睛】这题考查信息匹配题是考查每个段落大意，要确定每个段落的大意首先要仔细阅读文章每个段落，特别注意每段的首句和尾句，最好划出题干中的定位词，和选项中的句子进行对比这样可以更准确的抓住段落大意。

5.【2015·天津】阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.

On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.

“Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you mea nt, but slowing down scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.”

“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts.”

The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”

Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.

56. What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)

57. What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)

58. What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)

59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)

60. Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)

【答案】

56. He was a postman. Or: He worked in a post-office.

57. He advised him to slow down (and take things easy). / He advised he/his grandfather (should) slow down.

58. The process is more important than the result.

Or: A man should not slow down however old he is.

Or: Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made. / It's the journey, not the arrival that counts.

59. My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things.

Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.

Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.

60. Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.

Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful

No. It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age.

Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.

【解析】

试题分析：作者的爷爷曾经是名邮寄员，然而退休之后一直忙于做一些有意义的事情。作者写信给爷爷让他多休息休息，但爷爷回信说他任然坚持他的忙碌的生活。

56. 细节归纳题。根据文章第一段At age 68, he retired from the post office可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。

57. 细节归纳题。根据文章第二段Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.可知作者在信中建议他爷爷放慢速度。特别注意动词advise的用法。

58. 细节归纳题。根据文章第四段It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts等内容可以归纳出答案。

59. 句意猜测题。根据上文的内容可以推测出，他爷爷仍然在忙于做有意义的事情。

60. 开放题。首先要回答同意不同意他爷爷的生活观，并且陈述自己的理由。

【考点定位】阅读表达。

【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙文。整体文章易懂，但题目设置灵活，总体难度中等。考生不但