中医英语答案1到4单元
第一课
一．术语翻译
1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM 中国医药学
2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 中医基础理论
3. clinical experience临床经验
4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation 辨证论治
5. miscellaneous diseases杂病
6. Chinese pharmacy 中药学
7. four properties and five tastes/flavors四气五味
8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox 针灸
9. classical Chinese philosophy古代中国哲学
10. sweating therapy; diaphoresis汗法
11. purgation 下法
12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy 吐法
13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth补土派
14. etiology 病因学
15. prescription; formula 方剂
16. medical practice 医疗实践
17. therapeutic principles 治疗原则
18. herbs cold and cool in nature 寒凉药物
19. nourishing yin and reducing fire滋阴降火
20. diseases caused by blood stagnation瘀血致病
二．句子翻译
1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.
中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。
2. TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.
中医学有完整独特的理论体系。
3. TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases.
中医学是研究人的生命规律以及疾病的发生发展和防治规律的一门科学。
4. Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.
《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。
5. Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.
《难经》在许多方面，尤其是在脉学上，补充了《黄帝内经》的不足。
6. Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.
《诸病源候论》是中医学最早的一部病因症候学专著。
7. Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.
阳常有余，阴常不足。
8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.
内伤脾胃，百病由生。
9. Compendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.
《本草纲目》是中药学史上的不朽著作，并对世界药学的发展作出了伟大的贡献。
10. Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts.
中药不但包含草药，而且包含矿物药和动物药等。
11. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.
金元时期出现了后世称为“金元四大家”的医学流派。
12. Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.
张从正认为病由邪生，提倡汗,吐.下三法驱邪治病。
13. Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.
刘完素认为“火热”为主要病因，用药以寒凉为主。
14. Li Gao, entitled with the School of Reinforcing the Earth, emphasized on warming and invigorating the spleen and stomach.
李杲主张治疗疾病以温补脾胃为主，被称为“补土派”。
15. Zhu Danxi advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases, so he was entitled as the School of Nourishing Yin.
朱丹溪治病以滋阴降火为主，被称为“养阴派”。
16. Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.
温病是研究四时温病的发生.发展规律及其诊治方法的一门临床学科。
17. The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase,
温病学派创立了以卫气营血和三焦为核心的温病辨证论治规范。
18. Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.
王清任改正了古医术在人体解剖方面的错误，并倡导瘀血致病的理论。
19. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved
a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.
中西医结合为中医的发展与现代化开辟了一条新途径。
20. Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.
中医基础理论系统化和实验研究取得了快速的进展。
知识点
（1）四大经典书名，作者，贡献
Huangdi Neijing(Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine) by many medical experts in history .It’s the
earliest and greatest medical classic extant in China,the most authoritative one in TCM. It has developed the therapeutic principles based on syndrome differentiation ,seasonal changes, geographical localities and individual constitution.
Nanjing(Classic of Difficulties)by Qin Yueren,also known as Bian Que.It has supplemented what was unaddressed in Huangdi Neijing in many respects ,especially in pulse lore.
第二课
一．术语翻译1. five zang-organs; five zang-viscera五脏
2. six fu-organs 六腑
3. system of meridians and collaterals经络系统
4. Holism整体观念
5. organic wholenss 有机整体
6. social attribute社会属性
7. (of the five zang-organs) open into开窍
8. sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store生长化收藏
9. diagnostics 诊断学
10. relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi邪正关系
11. therapeutics 治疗学
12. common cold due to wind and cold 风寒感冒
13. different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease同病异治
14. the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases 异病同治
15. balance of water metabolism 水液代谢平衡
16. clearing away heart fire 清心火
17. nature of disease疾病本质
18. treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side 以左治右
19. drawing yang from yin 从阴引阳
20. treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part病在上者下取之。二．句子翻译
1. The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.
中医理论体系有两个基本特点：一是整体观念，二是辨证论治。
2. TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.
中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体。
3. The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually
influential in pathology.
人体各个组成部分在功能上相互为用，在病理上相互影响。
4. The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.
整体观念贯穿于中医生理.病理.诊法.辨证和治疗的各个方面。
5. Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.
自然界的变化又可以直接或间接的影响人体。
6. Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.
人的气血春夏趋向于表，秋冬趋向于里。
7. The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine. 心开窍于舌并与小肠相表里。
8. TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.
中医认识到社会活动对心理的影响。
9. According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.
中医强调形神共存，互用并相互影响。
10. Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.
人体阳气白天多趋向于表，夜晚多趋向于里。
11. Regional and climatic differences, to some extent, influence the physiological activities of the human body.
地区气候的差异在一定程度上也影响着人体的生理活动。
12. Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.
证是机体在疾病发展过程中的某一阶段的病理概括。
13. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.
辨证论治是中医认识疾病和治疗疾病的基本原则，i也是中医的基本特点之一。
14. Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.
证包括了病变的部位，原因，性质，以及邪正关系。
15. Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.
辨证和论治是诊治疾病过程中相互联系不可分割的两个方面。
16. Clinical doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.
临床中医注重辨病，但更注重辨证，从而通过治证来治疗疾病。
17. Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.
证能更全面，更正确地揭示疾病的本质。
18. Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.
不同的疾病可因相同的病机而出现相同的证。
19. If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.
如果两种疾病表现出相同的中气下陷证，就均可用升提中气的方法治疗。
20. The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or
similarity of pathogenesis.
中医治病不是单纯注重病之异同，而是病机之异同。
第三课
一．术语翻译
1. philosophical concept哲学概念
2. mutual transformation 相互转化
3. balance of yin and yang 阴平阳秘
4. transformation between yin and yang 阴阳转化
5. extreme cold turning into heat 寒极生热
6. pathological changes病理变化
7. absolute predominance绝对偏盛
8. general rule of pathogenesis病机总纲
9. supplementing what it lacks of 补其不足
10. eliminating wind and dispersing cold 祛风散寒
11. mutually inhibiting and promoting 相互消长
12. mutually inhibiting and restraining相互制约
13. interdependence 相互依存
14. excess of yin leading to decline of yang阴胜则阳病
15. contrary and supplementary to each other相反相成
16. organic whole有机整体
17. impairment of yang involving yin阳损及阴
18. deficiency of both yin and yang 阴阳两虚
19. deficiency cold syndrome 虚寒证
20. suppressing yang and eliminating wind潜阳熄风
三．句子翻译
1. Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.
阴阳是中国古代哲学的一对范畴。
2. Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.
阴阳是自然界相互关联的某些事物和现象对立双方的概括。
3. The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.
宇宙间一切事物的发生发展和变化都是阴阳对立统一矛盾运动的结果。
4. The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.
天气轻清故属阳，地气重浊故属阴。
5. The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies their process in mutual reduction and promotion.
阴阳相互制约的过程就是相互消长的过程。
6. Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.
没有阴也就无以言阳，没有阳亦无以言阴。
7. Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence qi.
阴阳离绝，精气乃绝。
8. Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of things be maintained.
只有不断的消长平衡，才能推动事物的正常发展。
9. Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.
在一定条件下，阴阳可以各自向其相反方向发展。
10. Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates change.
物生谓之化，物极谓之变。
11. Yin and yang are indispensable for the human body.
人生有形，不离阴阳。
12. Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.
功能属于阳，物质属于阴。
13. If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the end of life.
如果阴阳不能相互为用而分离，人的生命也就终止了。
14. No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang.
无论疾病的病理变化如何复杂，都不外乎阴阳的偏胜偏衰。
15. The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including body resistance against diseases.
正气指整个机体的结构与功能，包括人体对疾病的抵抗力等。
16. If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.
机体阴或阳的任何一方虚损到一定程度，必然导致另一方的不足。
17. Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progress of a disease.
疾病发生发展的内在原因在于阴阳失调。
18. The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in nature.
从色泽的明暗可以辨别病情的阴阳属性。
19. The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.
治疗的基本原则是补其不足，泻其有余。
20. Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.
只有选用适宜的药物，才能收到良好的疗效。
第四课
一．术语翻译
1. the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases 五行学说
2. free development 条达舒畅
3. to be generated and to generate生我、我生
4. restraint in generation 生中有制
5. Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.木曰曲直
6. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping. 土爰稼穑
7. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing. 水曰润下
8. over restriction and counter-restriction 相乘相侮
9. Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient. 木虚土乘
10. generation, restriction, inhibition and transformation 生克制化
11. disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ母病及子
12. insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney 肝肾精血不足
13. blood deficiency in the heart and liver 心肝血虚
14. exuberant fire in the heart 心火亢盛
15. insufficiency of liver yin肝阴不足
16. declination of kidney yang肾阳式微
17. weakness of the spleen and stomach脾胃虚弱
18. suppressing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 平肝和胃
19.insufficiency of kidney yin肾阴不足
20. discordance between water and fire水火不济
二．句子翻译
1. Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence.
木、火、土、金、水是不可缺少的五种最基本的物质。
2. The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine /theory of five elements.
中医理论体系在形成过程中，受到古代五行学说的深刻影响。
3. Water is characterrized by moistening and downward flow.
水具有滋润和向下的特性。
4. The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.
肝主升而归属于木。
5. The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.
脾主运化而归属于土。
6. The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.
肾主水而归属于水。
7. Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other’s grow th and function.
相克是指一事物对另一事物的生长和功能具有抑制和制约的作用。
8. Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire is the generator of earth.
木生火，“生我”者为木；火生土，“我生”者为土。
9. Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.
相乘即以强凌弱的意思。
10. When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.
木过强时，既可以乘脾，又可以侮金。
11. Since the heart yang can warm the body, it pertains to fire.
心阳有温煦之功能，故心属火。
12. The liver stores blood to complement the heart.
肝藏血以济心。
13. The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.
肾藏精以滋养肝的阴血。
14. The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organ means that the disease is transmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.
子病犯母指疾病的传变从子脏传及母脏。
15. The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can be manifested over the surface of the body.
人体是一个有机的整体，内脏有病可以反映到体表。
16. Restriction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormal restriction among the five elements.
相克传变包括“相乘”和“相侮”，均属于不正常的相克。
17. The basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, over restriction and counter-restriction.
五行的基本属性是生、克、乘、侮。
18. The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is the child-element.
生我者为母，我生者为子。
19. Clinically the doctrine/ theory of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles and methods.
在临床治疗上，五行学说用来确定治疗原则和治疗方法。
20. The doctrine/ theory of five elements obviously has certain limitations 。
五行学说也有一定的局限性。
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