大学英语四六级传统文化翻译实用表述及翻译示例

大学英语四六级传统文化翻译实用表述及翻译示例
大学英语四六级传统文化翻译实用表述及翻译示例

四六级传统翻译实用表述及翻译示例

(一)常见表述:

四大发明:the four great inventions

印刷术/*活字印刷术:printing/movable-type printing

造纸术:paper-making

指南针:compass

火药:gunpowder

丝绸之路:the Silk Road

瓷器/*陶器:china/pottery

硬币/纸币:coins/paper bills

对外贸易/海外贸易/*海上贸易:foreign trade/overseas trade/maritime commerce 古代文明:ancient civilization

文化交流:cultural exchange

文化冲突:cultural shock/cultural conflict

文化产业:cultural industry

文化遗产:cultural heritage

乡村文化:rural culture

民族文化:national culture

民间艺术:folk art

表演艺术:performing art

特征:feature/characteristic

祖先:ancestor

哲学家:philosopher

中国文学:Chinese literature

中外学者:Chinese and overseas scholars

巨著:great works

显著成就:remarkable achievements

神话/传说:myth/legend

阳历/阴历:solar calendar/lunar calendar

金/木/水/火/土:metal/wood/water/fire/earth

工艺/手工艺品:craft/ handicraft

唐朝:Tang Dynasty

始于...年/持续...时间/灭亡:begin in/last for/collapse 统治/统治者:govern (v.) rule (v)/ruler (n.) 在...统治下:during the reign of ...

权力/权威:power/authority

戏剧/京剧/剧院:drama/Peking Opera/theater

诗人/政客:poet/politician

少数民族:ethnic minority

社会地位:social status

起源于:originate in/from …

(在一个地方起源用in,从一个地方起源用from)

追溯到: be traced back to …/trace …back to…

发源地:birthplace

古代:ancient times

现代:modern times

独特元素:a unique element

组成(选一背诵即可):

A constitute B/A comprise B/A make up

B (A组成B)

B consist of A/B is composed of A (B由A组成)【常见错误:切忌不要用comprise of】

工业革命:industrial revolution

代表:represent/stand for

象征:symbolize (v.) /symbolic (adj.) /symbol (n.)

繁荣:prosperous (adj.) / prosperity (n.) /flourish (v.)

国宝:national treasure

*腐败:corruption

*扩大领土:extend the territory/domain

*夺取政权:seize the power

*才子佳人:gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

*下棋饮茶:play chess and drink tea

*耕耘收割:sow and reap

*织布缝衣:weave and sew

*湖上打渔:fish on the lake

*砍柴采药:cut firewood and gather herbs

*吟诗作画:compose poems and paint pictures

(二)经典模板句练习:

1. 中国武术(martial art)的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练(CET-4)。

The origin of Chinese martial art can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting and ancient Chinese military training.

2. 构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国(CET-4)。

Many elements which constitute/comprise the foundation of the modern world originated in China.

3. 最出名的就是门神和三大神——福神、薪神和寿神(Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity),寓意着庄稼丰收,家畜兴旺和庆祝春节(CET-4,6)。The most famous ones are Door Gods and Three Gods of Blessing, Salary

and Longevity, symbolizing/which symbolize the good/abundant harvest of crops, the prosperity of domestic/home animals and the celebration of the Spring Festival.

4. 那时,黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色,皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色,皇袍总是黄色的,而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的(CET-4)。

At that time, yellow was only/exclusively used for the emperor. The royal palace was painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow. However, ordinary people were forbidden to wear clothes of the color.

5. 反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家(Taoist)对自然的感情。(CET-6)

The rural life ideal reflected in the arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization. This, to a large extent, can be attributed to the Taoist affection towards nature.

6. 汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就,它最先向其他文化敞开了大门,对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向中西亚乃至罗马,各类艺术流派繁荣,涌现了很多文学,历史,哲学巨著。(CET-6)

There are a number of remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han dynasty, which first unlocked the door to other cultures and made foreign trade prosperous. The Silk Road which the Han dynasty has explored led to Central and Western Asia, and even to Rome, with all varieties of art schools flourishing and many works in literature, history and philosophy.

7. 大妈是对中年妇女的称呼,但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。(CET-6)

The word “dama”is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it particularly refers to those Chinese women who rushed to purchase a large amount of gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.

8. 宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字(movable-type)印刷。人口增长迅速,越来越多的人住进城市,那里有热闹的娱乐场所。社会生活多种多样。人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体质在当时也是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用。(CET-6)

The Song Dynasty was the first to use gunpowder and to invent movable-type printing. With rapidly increasing population, more and more people moved into cities, in which entertainment venues were very busy. There are many forms of social life. The Song dynasty also had an advanced government system in the world. All of the government officials were selected and appointed through the competitive examination.

(三)相关话题练笔:

01 筷子

筷子(chopsticks)是中国古人发明的一种具有鲜明民族特色的进食工具(tableware),是反映中国饮食文化特色的重要组成部分。中国人使用筷子的历史

可追溯到商代,距今已有三千多年。筷子可谓是中国国粹,既轻巧又灵活,在世界各国餐具中独树一帜,被西方人誉为“东方的文明”。凡是使用过筷子的人,不论中国人或是外国人,都因其使用方便、物美价廉而赞叹不绝。

参考翻译

Chopsticks, invented by ancient Chinese people, are a kind of tableware with distinct national features, being an important component that reflects the characteristics of Chinese diet culture. The history of using chopsticks in China dates back to the Shang Dynasty, more than 3,000 years ago. Chopsticks, the quintessence of Chinese culture, whose lightness and flexibility develop a school of its own among various tableware all over the world, are praised as "Eastern Civilization" by the westerners. All those people who have ever used chopsticks, no matter Chinese or foreigners, marvel at their convenience, excellent quality, and reasonable price.

02 瓷器

原文(一)

瓷器(porcelain)是一种由精选的瓷土(porcelain clay)或瓷石(pottery stone)、通过工艺流程制成的物件。尽管瓷器由陶器(pottery)发展而来,然而它们在原料、釉(glaze)、烧制温度方面都是不同的。比起陶器,瓷器质地更坚硬,器身更通透,光泽也更好。瓷器在英语里叫做china,因为第一件瓷器就是在中国制造的。瓷器促进了中国和外部世界之间的经济文化交流,并深刻地影响着其他国家的传统文化和生活方式。

参考翻译

Porcelain is a material made from well-chosen porcelain clay or pottery stone through technological processes. Although porcelain is developed from pottery, the two are different in raw material, glaze and firing temperature. Compared with pottery, porcelain has a tougher texture, a more transparent body, and finer luster. It is called china in English because it was first made in China. Porcelain promotes economic and cultural exchanges between China and the outside world, and also profoundly influences the traditional culture and lifestyle of other countries.

03 扇子

原文

在中国,扇子的使用始于数千年前。扇子是由许多不同的材料制成的。汉、唐期间,农业有了发展,丝绸和缎面(satin)扇子开始出现,并在文人雅士(scholars and artists)中成为了一种时尚。他们通过在扇面上书写和绘画来展示自己的才能。扇子很快获得了非常大的社会意义。它们成为了有学问的人标准夏季着装的一部分。中国制作的扇子多种多样。它们如今依旧享有盛誉。

参考翻译

Fans began to be used in China thousands of years ago.They were made out of many different materials. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, due to progress in agriculture, silk and satin fans appeared, and they became a fashion among scholars and artists who showed their genius by writing and painting on the fans. Fans soon acquired considerable social significance. They became a part of the standard summer costume among the learned. A great variety of fans have been produced in China and they still enjoy a great reputation today.

04神话故事

原文

尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节,神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy),但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色,其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时,显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中,对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则,而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植

于中国的文化之中。几千年来,这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。

参考翻译

Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant. When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent. In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength, while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.

05 民间故事

原文

中国民间故事(Chinese folktale)是中国文化的财富。它展示了中国人民如何追求爱情和更美好的生活。中国的故事多种多样,尤其是民间故事。主流的中国民间故事可以分为两种:一种是关于人们如何为了自己的梦想而奋斗;另一种是关于人们如何在神的帮助下过上好日子。中国有56个民族,其中55个是少数民族。民间故事吸收了少数民族的信仰和习俗。

参考翻译

Chinese folktales are the wealth of Chinese culture. It shows how Chinese people seek for love and a better life. There are various Chinese tales, especially the folk tales. The mainstream Chinese folktales can be classified into two kinds. One is about how people fight for their dreams, the other is about how people lead a good life with the help from their gods. In China, there are 56 ethnic groups in which 55 are the ethnic minorities. Folktales have taken in the faith and customs of the ethnic minorities.

(四)普及一下四大民间故事

1:孟姜女

秦朝时候,有个善良美丽的女子,名叫孟姜女。一天,她正在自家的院子里做家务,突然发现葡萄架下藏了一个人,吓了她一大跳,正要叫喊,只见那个人连连摆手,恳求道:“别喊别喊,救救我吧!我叫范喜良,是来逃难的。”原来这时秦始皇为了造长城,正到处抓人做劳工,已经饿死、累死了不知多少人!孟姜女把范喜良救了下来,见他知书达理,眉清目秀,对他产生了爱慕之情,而范喜良也喜欢上了孟姜女。他俩儿心心相印,征得了父母的同意后,就准备结为夫妻。

成亲那天,孟家张灯结彩,宾客满堂,一派喜气洋洋的情景。眼看天快黑了,喝喜酒的人也都渐渐散了,新郎新娘正要入洞房,忽然只听见鸡飞狗叫,随后闯进来一队恶狠狠的官兵,不容分说,用铁链一锁,硬把范喜良抓到长城去做工了。好端端的喜事变成了一场空,孟姜女悲愤交加,日夜思念着丈夫。她想:我与其坐在家里干着急,还不如自己到长城去找他。对!就这么办!孟姜女立刻收拾收拾行装,上路了。

一路上,也不知经历了多少风霜雨雪,跋涉过多少险山恶水,孟姜女没有喊过一声苦,没有掉过一滴泪,终于,凭着顽强的毅力,凭着对丈夫深深的爱,她到达了长城。这时的长城已经是由一个个工地组成的一道很长很长的城墙了,孟姜女一个工地一个工地地找过来,却始终不见丈夫的踪影。最后,她鼓起勇气,向一队正要上工的民工询问:“你们这儿有个范喜良吗?”民工说:“有这么个人,新来的。”孟姜女一听,甭提多开心了,她连忙再问:“他在哪儿呢?”民工说:“已经死了,尸首都已经填了城脚了!”

猛地听到这个噩耗,真好似晴天霹雳一般,孟姜女只觉眼前一黑,一阵心酸,痛哭起来。整整哭了三天三夜,哭得天昏地暗,连天地都感动了。天越来越阴沉,风越来越猛烈,只听“哗啦”一声,一段长城被哭倒了,露出来的正是范喜良的尸首,孟姜女的眼泪滴在了他血肉模糊的脸上。她终于见到了自己心爱的丈夫,但丈夫却再也看不到她了,因为他已经被残暴的秦始皇害死了。

2:白蛇传

清明时分,西湖岸边花红柳绿,断桥上面游人如梭,真是好一幅春光明媚的美丽画面。突然,从西湖底悄悄升上来两个如花似玉的姑娘,怎么回事?人怎么会从水里升出来呢?原来,她们是两条修炼成了人形的蛇精,虽然如此,但她们并无害人之心,只因羡慕世间的多彩人生,才一个化名叫白素贞,一个化名叫小青,来到西湖边游玩。

偏偏老天爷忽然发起脾气来,霎时间下起了倾盆大雨,白素贞和小青被淋得无处藏身,正发愁呢,突然只觉头顶多了一把伞,转身一看,只见一位温文尔雅、白净秀气的年轻书生撑着伞在为她们遮雨。白素贞和这小书生四目相交,都不约而同地红了红脸,相互产生了爱慕之情。小青看在眼里,忙说:“多谢!请问客官尊姓大名。”那小书生道:“我叫许仙,就住在这断桥边。”白素贞和小青也赶忙作了自我介绍。从此,他们三人常常见面,白素贞和许仙的感情越来越好,过了不久,他们就结为夫妻,并开了一间“保和堂”药店,小日子过得可美了!

由于“保和堂”治好了很多很多疑难病症,而且给穷人看病配药还分文不收,所以药店的生意越来越红火,远近来找白素贞治病的人越来越多,人们将白素贞亲切地称为白娘子。可是,“保和堂”的兴隆、许仙和白娘子的幸福生活却惹恼了一个人,谁呢?那就是金山寺的法海和尚。因为人们的病都被白娘子治好了,

到金山寺烧香求菩萨的人就少多了,香火不旺,法海和尚自然就高兴不起来了。这天,他又来到“保和堂”前,看到白娘子正在给人治病,不禁心内妒火中烧,再定睛一瞧,哎呀!原来这白娘子不是凡人,而是条白蛇变的!

法海虽有点小法术,但他的心术却不正。看出了白娘子的身份后,他就整日想拆散许仙白娘子夫妇、搞垮“保和堂”。于是,他偷偷把许仙叫到寺中,对他说:“你娘子是蛇精变的,你快点和她分手吧,不然,她会吃掉你的!”许仙一听,非常气愤,他想:我娘子心地善良,对我的情意比海还深。就算她是蛇精,也不会害我,何况她如今已有了身孕,我怎能离弃她呢!法海见许仙不上他的当,恼羞成怒,便把许仙关在了寺里。

“保和堂”里,白娘子正焦急地等待许仙回来。一天、两天,左等、右等,白娘子心急如焚。终于打听到原来许仙被金山寺的法海和尚给“留”住了,白娘子赶紧带着小青来到金山寺,苦苦哀求,请法海放回许仙。法海见了白娘子,一阵冷笑,说道:“大胆妖蛇,我劝你还是快点离开人间,否则别怪我不客气了!”白娘子见法海拒不放人,无奈,只得拔下头上的金钗,迎风一摇,掀起滔滔大浪,向金山寺直逼过去。法海眼见水漫金山寺,连忙脱下袈裟,变成一道长堤,拦在寺门外。大水涨一尺,长堤就高一尺,大水涨一丈,长堤就高一丈,任凭波浪再大,也漫不过去。再加上白娘子有孕在身,实在斗不过法海,后来,法海使出欺诈的手法,将白娘子收进金钵,压在了雷峰塔下,把许仙和白娘子这对恩爱夫妻活生生地拆散了。

小青逃离金山寺后,数十载深山练功,最终打败了法海,将他逼进了螃蟹腹中,救出了白娘子,从此,她和许仙以及他们的孩子幸福地生活在一起,再也不分离了。可以围绕范围棵复古。

3:牛郎与织女

牛郎只有一头老牛、一张犁,他每天刚亮就下地耕田,回家后还要自己做饭洗衣,日子过得十分辛苦。谁料有一天,奇迹发生了!牛郎干完活回到家,一进家门,就看见屋子里被打扫得干干净净,衣服被洗得清清爽爽,桌子上还摆着热腾腾、香喷喷的饭菜。牛郎吃惊得瞪大了眼睛,心想:这是怎么回事?神仙下凡了吗?不管了,先吃饭吧。

此后,一连几天,天天如此,牛郎耐不住性子了,他一定要弄个水落石出。这天,牛郎象往常一样,一大早就出了门,其实,他走了几步就转身回来了,没进家门,而是找了个隐蔽的地方躲了起来,偷偷地观察着。果然,没过多久,来了一位美若天仙的姑娘,一进门就忙着收拾屋子、做饭,甭提多勤劳了!牛郎实在忍不住了,站了出来道:“姑娘,请问你为什么要来帮我做家务呢?”那姑娘吃了一惊,脸红了,小声说道:“我叫织女,看你日子过得辛苦,就来帮帮你。”牛郎听得心花怒放,赶忙接着说:“那你就留下来吧,我们同甘共苦,一起用双手建设幸福的生活!”织女红着脸点了点头,他们就此结为夫妻,男耕女织,生活得很美满。

过了几年,他们生了一男一女两个孩子,一家人过得开心极了。一天,突然间天空乌云密布,狂风大作,雷电交加,织女不见了,两个孩子哭个不停,牛郎急得不知如何是好。正着急时,乌云又突然全散了,天气又变得风和日丽,织女也回到了家中,但她的脸上却满是愁云。只见她轻轻地拉住牛郎,又把两个孩子揽入怀中,说道:“其实我不是凡人,而是王母娘娘的外孙女,现在,天宫来人要把我接回去了,你们自己多多保重!”说罢,泪如雨下,腾云而去。

牛郎搂着两个年幼的孩子,欲哭无泪,呆呆地站了半天。不行,我不能让妻子就这样离我而去,我不能让孩子就这样失去母亲,我要去找她,我一定要把织女找回来!这时,那头老牛突然开口了:“别难过!你把我杀了,把我的皮披上,再编两个箩筐装着两个孩子,就可以上天宫去找织女了。”牛郎说什么也不愿意这样对待这个陪伴了自己数十年的伙伴,但拗不过它,又没有别的办法,只得忍着痛、含着泪照它的话去做了。

到了天宫,王母娘娘不愿认牛郎这个人间的外孙女婿,不让织女出来见他,而是找来七个蒙着面、高矮胖瘦一模一样的女子,对牛郎说:“你认吧,认对了就让你们见面。”牛郎一看傻了眼,怀中两个孩子却欢蹦乱跳地奔向自己的妈妈,原来,母子之间的血亲是什么也无法阻隔的!

王母娘娘没办法了,但她还是不甘心织女再回到人间,于是就下令把织女带走。牛郎急了,牵着两个孩子赶紧追上去。他们跑着跑着,累了也不肯停歇,跌倒了再爬起来,眼看着就快追上了,王母娘娘情急之下拔出头上的金簪一划,在他们中间划出了一道宽宽的银河。从此,牛郎和织女只能站在银河的两端,遥遥相望。而到了每年农历的七月初七,回有成千上万的喜鹊飞来,在银河上架起一座长长的鹊桥,让牛郎织女一家再次团聚。

4:梁山伯与祝英台

从前有个姓祝的地主,人称祝员外,他的女儿祝英台不仅美丽大方,而且非常的聪明好学。但由于古时候女子不能进学堂读书,祝英台只好日日倚在窗栏上,望着大街上身背着书箱来来往往的读书人,心里羡慕极了!难道女子只能在家里绣花吗?为什么我不能去上学?她突然反问自己:对啊!我为什么就不能上学呢?

想到这儿,祝英台赶紧回到房间,鼓起勇气向父母要求:“爹,娘,我要到杭州去读书。我可以穿男人的衣服,扮成男人的样子,一定不让别人认出来,你们就答应我吧!”祝员外夫妇开始不同意,但经不住英台撒娇哀求,只好答应了。

第二天一清早,天刚蒙蒙亮,祝英台就和丫鬟扮成男装,辞别父母,带着书箱,兴高采烈地出发去杭州了。

到了学堂的第一天,祝英台遇见了一个叫梁山伯的男同学,学问出众,人品也十分优秀。她想:这么好的人,要是能天天在一起,一定会学到很多东西,也一定会很开心的。而梁山伯也觉得与她很投缘,有一种一见如故的感觉。于是,他们常常一起诗呀文呀谈得情投意合,冷呀热呀相互关心体贴,促膝并肩,两小无猜。后来,两人结拜为兄弟,更是时时刻刻,形影不离。

春去秋来,一晃三年过去了,学年期满,该是打点行装、拜别老师、返回家乡的时候了。同窗共烛整三载,祝英台已经深深爱上了她的梁兄,而梁山伯虽不知祝英台是女生,但也对她十分倾慕。他俩恋恋不舍地分了手,回到家后,都日夜思念着对方。几个月后,梁山伯前往祝家拜访,结果令他又惊又喜。原来这时,他见到的祝英台,已不再是那个清秀的小书生,而是一位年轻美貌的大姑娘。再见的那一刻,他们都明白了彼此之间的感情,早已是心心相印。

此后,梁山伯请人到祝家去求亲。可祝员外哪会看得上这穷书生呢,他早已把女儿许配给了有钱人家的少爷马公子。梁山伯顿觉万念俱灰,一病不起,没多久就死去了。

听到梁山伯去世的消息,一直在与父母抗争以反对包办婚姻的祝英台反而突然变得异常镇静。她套上红衣红裙,走进了迎亲的花轿。迎亲的队伍一路敲锣打鼓,好不热闹!路过梁山伯的坟前时,忽然间飞沙走石,花轿不得不停了下来。

只见祝英台走出轿来,脱去红装,一身素服,缓缓地走到坟前,跪下来放声大哭,霎时间风雨飘摇,雷声大作,“轰”的一声,坟墓裂开了,祝英台似乎又见到了她的梁兄那温柔的面庞,她微笑着纵身跳了进去。接着又是一声巨响,坟墓合上了。这时风消云散,雨过天晴,各种野花在风中轻柔地摇曳,一对美丽的蝴蝶从坟头飞出来,在阳光下自由地翩翩起舞。

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常见中国传统文化名词英语翻译 风水:Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历:solar calendar 阴历:lunar calendar 闰年:leap year 十二生肖:zodiac 春节:the Spring Festival 元宵节:the Lantern Festival 清明节:the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节:the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节:the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节:the Double-ninth Day 七夕节:the Double-seventh Day 春联:spring couplets 春运:the Spring Festival travel 把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运:turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year 庙会:temple fair 爆竹:firecracker 年画:(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱:New Year gift-money 舞龙:dragon dance 舞狮:lion dance 元宵:sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯:festival lantern 灯谜:lantern riddle 食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要,但甜食对于农历新年特别重要,因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially important for Lunar New Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year. 传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。Traditional holiday treats include nian gao (rice pudding), ba bao fan (eight treasure rice), jiao zi (crispy dumplings), candied fruits and seeds. 四合院:Siheyuan/ Quadrangle 亭/阁:pavilion/attic 刺绣:Embroidery 剪纸:Paper Cutting 书法:Calligraphy 针灸:Acupuncture 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 偏旁:radical 战国:Warring States 人才流动:Brain Drain/Flow 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl 黄土高原:Loess Plateau 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals ——仅供参考

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