热处理生产线简介(翻译)
热处理生产线简介
Brief Introduction of Heat Treatment Production Line
一、概述
Summary
我公司投资6000万元建设的油井管热处理生产线，设计生产能力10万吨/年，可以对各种规格、各种钢级的油井管实现淬火＋回火、正火、正火+回火等多种热处理工艺。
We invested 60 million RMB for this tubing and casing treatment production line. Our annual production ability is 100 thousand tons and we have many kinds of heat treatment technics for all kinds and specifications of tubing and casing, such as Quenching + Tempering, normalizing, normalizing+Tempering and so on.
钢级：J55、Q55、N80-1类、N80Q、P110以及抗腐蚀材料L80和C95等。
Grade: J55, Q55, N80-1, N80Q, P110 and anti- cauterization material L80 , C95 and so on.
直径：Ф114.3-273mm
Diameter: Ф114.3-273mm
外加厚油管两端的外径按APISPEC5CT标准
O.D of EUE tubing according to API SPEC 5CT Standard
长度：8-13M
Length: 8-13M
壁厚：5.21-20.24mm
Wall Thickness: 5.21-20.24mm
壁厚公差：+15%～-12.5%
Wall Thickness Tolerance: +15%～-12.5%
钢管外径公差：±1%
O.D Tolerance: ±1%
单根最大重量：1200KG
Max Weight of Single Pipe: 1200 KG
二、设备情况
Equipment Condition
热处理生产线配有步进式热处理炉、淬火机、矫直机和自旋式步进冷床，全线自动化控制水平高，热处理质量稳定可靠。
Our heat treatment production line is equiped Step-wise Heat Treatment Furnace, Quenching Machine, Straightening Machine and Self-spin Step-wise Colling Machine. The high level automatization control system ensures steady and first class heat treatment quality.
1、热处理炉Heat treatment Furnace
步进式热处理炉以冷净煤气为燃料，采用德国施能烧嘴，炉内气氛易于控制，炉温可控制在±5℃以内。
Step-wise Heat treatment Furnace uses cold and clean coal gas as fuel, adopts Germany KROMSCHRODER Burner which could ensure the temperature in the furance less than ±5℃.
淬火炉和回火炉均采用步进梁式炉。装出料方式：侧进，侧出；炉子布料：单排连续布料或间隔布料。
Quenching Furance and Tempering Furance both adopt Step-wise Walking Beam Furance.
Mode of Loading and unloading Material: Side Loading, Side unloading. Material Display in the Furance: Single Row Continuesly Display or Interval Display
活动梁和固定梁均为耐热铸钢，顶面带齿形面。每次步进时，钢管都能转动一角度，使钢管加热均匀，并防止在炉内弯曲变形。步进梁能进行正循环、踏步、等高、单动、点动、半自动、自动等功能，升降时对钢管轻托轻放，前进时缓起缓停，无振动冲击和失控现象。同时，具有等高及踏步功能，踏步时向钢管在原齿槽内不断转动。Walking Beam and Fixed Beam both are fire-endurable cast steel with tooth form on the top. In the process step, steel pipes will be turned for an angle to get symmetrical heating up and avoid bending and distortion in the furnace. Step-wise Beam can carry through Positive Cycle, Mark Time, Equality Height, Single Move, Point Move, Semiautomatic, Automatic functions and so on. Steel pipes are lifted and put lightly when elevating and subsiding, and they are removed and stopped slowly when moving forward. In the process, there is no librating impact and out control phenomenon. And the mechine also has coequal height and Mark Time function to ensure the steel pipes constant turning in the tooth form
alveolus.
2、淬火机
Quenching Machine
淬火机具有内喷外淋的功能，外淋水流量大，内喷水速度快，淬火效果好。淬火机可以实现以下功能：
Quenching machine has perfect quenching effect and equiped large flux inner spraying and speedy outer pouring fuction. It can achieve below functions:
外淋+旋转+内喷淬火
Outer pouring + circumgyrate + inner spraying quenching
淬火后具有空水功能（带压缩空气吹扫）
Water emptying function after quenching (with air compressor)
氧化皮采大部分被回水带走，剩余部分停炉时清理
Mostly Oxidation Surface are washed away by backwater, the rest will be cleaned when the furnace stops working.
内喷采用锥形聚能喷嘴（根据处理的钢管不同而不同）
Inner spraying adopts powerfull taper nozzles ( The nozzles are depend on different steel pipes)
淬火前温度850℃左右，淬火后温度低于80℃
The temperature is about 850℃before quenching and will below 80℃ after quenching.
淬火后钢管端头直度≤2 mm/m，保证钢管顺利进入回火炉。
After quenching, the straight tolerance of the steel pipe’s end should be ≤2 mm/m to ensure the pipe can be placed in the Tempering furnace successfully.
3、矫直机
Straightening Machine
矫直设备采用国内先进的八立柱、四滑架、六辊快开式矫直机，具有机身稳定，矫直速度快，矫直效果好的特点。
Straightening Equipments adopt advanced eight upright column, four slide rack, six rollers rapid opening straightening machine. The mechine is steady, and it has fast straightening speed and perfect straightening effect.
矫直辊采用了2-2-2的对辊辊系，矫直工艺曲线可以实现上弯或下弯式两种方式。
Straightening rollers adopt 2-2-2 rollers so that the straightening technics can be achieved to up bend mode and down bend mode.
采用四立柱滑架结构。矫直辊座安装在动梁上，每个活动梁在四个立柱中垂直滑动，保证矫直过程的稳定。克服了两滑架机型受力偏载的缺点。
It adopts four upright column slide rack structure.Straightening rollers are installed on the moving beams and every moving beam can slide upright in every four upright column which ensures the stability in the process of straightening. And it conquers the shortcoming of pressure excursion of
the two sliding racks.
采用中心单快开缸压下、两侧双缸平衡带快速抬起的快开结构，设备简洁、配管少、维护方便。
It adopts center single rapid opening jar pressure, two sides double jars balance with rapid uplift rapid opening structutre. The eqipment with less tubings is concision and expediently maintained.
每个矫直辊分别采用两个独立的锁紧油缸进行锁紧，保证锁紧的可靠性。
Every straightening roller separately adopts two solely lock clasp gas jars which ensures the dependability of lock clasp.
采用新型线性齿轮传动角度调节机构，传动速比大、传动过程稳定、角度调节精度高、角度指示准确。
It adopts new type of linear gear’s driving angle adjustment which has the features of large driving speed ratio, steady driving process, high precision of angle adjustment and exact angle directions.
拉杆和套筒组合立柱与上下固定梁的联结为预应力方式，增大了机架刚性。
The connection of pull-rod and sleeve combination upright column and fluctuate fixed beam is the mode of pre-stress which could increase the rigidity of rack.
采用新型下横梁（底座）结构，下辊快开液压缸和下辊压下调节装置均安装在下横梁上面，使得安装和维护方便。
It adopts new type of down beam (foundation) structure. Down roller rapid hydraulic jar and down roller pressure adjustment setting both are installed on the down beam to make sure its convenient installation and maintenance.
计算机系统具有独特的调整参数预设定、修正和机械自动调整功能：确定钢管来料参数的情况下根据矫直后精度要求，利用数学模型或表格参数确定预设定参数，并带有屏幕显示。根据矫直后钢管状态对调整参数进行修正、优化和存储。所有设定的工艺参数均可记录、打印、输出。
The computer system has unique function: pre-setting and correcting adjustive parameter, and mechanical autoregulation. When we confirm the parameter of material pipes, according to the request of precision afther the straightening, the system can confirm the pre-setting parameter with mathematic model or form paremeter and still can show them in the screen. It also can correct, optimize and store the adjustive parameter as per the condition of steel pipes after straightening. All of the setting technics prameters can be recorded, typed and exported.
电控系统中的两台主电机采用交流变频调速系统，主电机空载时速度同步。负载时力矩平衡，有利于降低矫直辊不均匀磨损，提高矫直过程的稳定性和矫直精度。
The two core electric machineries of the electronic control system adopt alternating frequency conversion timing system. When the two core
electric machineries are unloaded, the speeds of the two machineries are synchro. The moments are balance when they are loaded, which is propitious to reduce the asymmetric abrasion of the straightening roller and enhance the stability of the straightening process and the straightening precision.
4、自旋转冷床
Self-rolling cooling machine tool
自旋式步进冷床结构独特，油井管在冷却过程中可以以较快的速度旋转，冷却速度稳定均匀，并具有自矫直功能。
Self-rolling cooling machine tool has particular structure. When the casing is in the process of cooling, it can circumrotate in a high speed. The cooling speed is steady and symmetrical. And the mechine tool has self-straightening function.
一、热处理工艺流程
Flow and flow chart of heat treatment technics
原料钢管由车间起重机吊运至热处理线上料台架上，人工打开捆带后将钢管平铺在上料台架上，后由拨料器逐根将钢管拨入辊道，辊道将钢管纵向送至淬火炉辊道。送料辊道与入炉辊道均为倾斜布置，以便使钢管边纵向前进边旋转。淬火炉为纵进纵出步进式加热炉。
Raw material pipes are carried to the material scaffolding of the heat treatment line by the crane in the plant and are placed on the material line scaffolding after unfolding of bundling belt by workmen. After that, material lift machine will lift the material pipes step by step into the roller
path which will carry the pipes lengthways to the quenching furnace roller path. Material sending roller path and furnace entering roller path both are designed to be acclivitous which could help the pipes circumrotate when they are forwarded lengthways. Quenching furnace is vertical in and out step-wise heat-up furnace.
钢管进入淬火炉后，根据钢管的热处理工艺制度的要求，在炉子内边步进边加热，直至步进至炉子尾部出料辊道，炉子出料辊道将钢管边旋转纵向输送至输出辊道。
Accroding to the requirements of heat treatment technics system, when the pipes are forwarded in the quenching furnace, they are heated in the forwarding until they are forwarded to the material discharge roller path at end of furnace. Material discharge roller path will carry the revolving pipes to the output roller path vertically.
当钢管需要进行淬火时，淬火装置前的移钢机逐根将钢管移送至水淬装置。水淬装置采用内喷外淋、压轮压住旋转淬火方式，根据水淬工艺，分别控制水淬装置内喷、外淋水量和冷却时间，以实现对钢管最终组织和性能的控制。随后，钢管横向移送至水淬装置后台架，进行空水，空水后钢管拨入回火炉入炉辊道，纵向输送，进入回火炉。
When the pipes need to be quenched, the steel moving machines in the front of quenching equipments will carry the pipes to the water quenching equipment. The equipment adopts inner spray and outerpouring, and the revolving pressing quenching mode which control the water stream of inner spray, outerpouring and cooling time seperately as per the water quenching technics to realize the control of the final organization and capability of the steel pipes. After that, pipes are carried breadthwise to the racks behind the water quenching machine to empty
the water and then, pipes are carried vertically to tempering furnace by tempering furnace entering roller path.
当钢管需要进行正火处理时，由出炉辊道将钢管逐根运至正火链式冷床输送辊道处，上料机构逐根将钢管移送至正火冷床上，进行冷却、收集。如钢管需要正火+回火，由翻钢板将钢管到放至冷床输出辊道，后由辊道运送至回火炉进行回火处理。
The pipes are carried to normalizing chain delivering roller path of the cooling mechine tool one by one when they need normalizing treatment. The material supplying machines carry the pipes to the normalizing cooling mechine tool to do the cooling and collecting. If the pipes need normalizing + tempering, pipes carrying plate will carry them to the output roller path of the cooling mechine tool. Then the pipes are carried to the tempering furnace by the roller path to do the tempering treatment.
回火炉为纵进纵出步进式加热炉，钢管入炉后，根据钢管的热处理工艺制度要求，在炉子内边步进边加热，直至步进至炉子尾部的出料辊道。炉子出料辊道将钢管边旋转边纵向输送至链式冷床进行冷却。
Tempering furnace is vertical input and output step-wise heating up furnace. As per the requirements of the heat treatment technic system, the pipes are step-wised and heated up in the furnace until they are carried to the output roller path at the end of the furnace. Material discharge roller path will carry the revolving pipes to the chain cooling mechine tool vertically.
在淬火炉出炉辊道上布置有高压水除鳞装置，钢管通过除鳞箱的同时，将表面氧化铁皮清除干净。
High-pressure water cleaning equipment is designed on the quenching furnace output roller path. Ferric oxide on the surface of the pipes will be cleaned up after they pass through the cleaning box.
对于温矫的钢管，要求矫直温度400℃左右，此时冷床以较合适的速度快速将钢管移送至矫直机前，以控制和保证矫直温度。
To the temprerature correcting pipes, the straightening temperature is about 400℃. Here the cooling mechine tool will carry the pipes to the straightening machines at a suitable fast speed to control and ensure the straightening temperature.
经矫直后的钢管进入其后的冷床，对于温矫后的钢管实现均匀的冷却，通过冷床进行后部的人工检查工序。随后，钢管进入吸灰装置工位，将钢管内部的氧化铁皮等杂质清理干净，收集入库。
After straightening, the pipes will be carried to the cooling machine tool to realize the symmetrical cooling and then carry out the inspection by the workman through the cooling mechine tool. Subsequently, the pipes enter into the dust cleaning line to clean the inner ferric oxide and so on impurity, and then they will be gathered in the warehouse.
全管体相控阵超声检测系统
Full body pipe PA Inspection system
应用：全管体相控阵超声检测系统检测全管体上纵向、横向、斜向和分层等缺陷，同时测量壁厚。
Application: Full body pipe PA inspection system is used for the detection of longitudinal defects, transverse defects with
oblique detection capability and wall thickness measurements with Lamination detection.
特点：
Characteristics:
●机械随动＋相控阵超声的结合。
Combination of following frame with PA.
●多个角度倾斜方向缺陷检测能力。可以检测11度、22度、45度、68度等四个角度的斜缺陷。
Capability of inspection of the Multiple-angle oblique defects
●动态自动校准。
Dynamic automatic calibration.
●特殊端部运算法则可减少端部盲区至10mm。
Specialized End of Tube Algorithm ensures non-inspected
length to 10mm.
●在线自动复验，可检测带有加厚端部的钢管。
Inline prove up, detection of the upset tubes.
●可检测壁厚与外径的比率达0.22及壁厚小于50mm的钢管，更换规格简单。
The pipe which the ratio up to 0.22 between WT and OD and WT is less than 50mm are detected
simultaneously, change process is simple and easy.
●检测系统的检测模式灵活。
Flexible inspection mode.
●其他的高级检测功能：壁厚绘图、圆弧底槽及锥形缺陷检测等。 Other advanced inspection function: Wall Thickness Data Mapping、Round bottomed grooves and conical
cavity defects inspection etc..
PCB专业术语中英文翻译【VIP专享】
PCB 专业术语中英文翻译 很多PCB 的书上使用的是英文，但是大多数的人又看不懂英文， 这时候怎么办呢，我们需要翻译，但是如果每看到一个不会的词 儿就去翻译，那么就太耗费时间了，所以我们捷多邦总结了一些 常用的专业术语的中英文对照，希望能对大家有用。 1.印制电路：printed circuit 2.印制线路：printed wiring 3.印制板：printed board 4.印制板电路：printed circuit board (pcb) 5.印制线路板：printed wiring board(pwb) 6.印制元件：printed component 7.印制接点：printed contact 8.印制板装配：printed board assembly 9.板：board 1 10.表面层合电路板：surface laminar circuit (slc) 11.埋入凸块连印制板：b2it printed board 12.多层膜基板：multi-layered film substrate(mfs) 13.层间全内导通多层印制板：alivh multilayer printed board 14.载芯片板：chip on board (cob) 15.埋电阻板：buried resistance board 16.母板：mother board 17.单面印制板：single-sided printed board(ssb) 、管路敷设技术通过管线不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题，而且可保障各类管路习题到位。在管路敷设过程中，要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标等，要求技术交底。管线敷设技术中包含线槽、管架等多项方式，为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题，合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则：在分线盒处，当不同电压回路交叉时，应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理；同一线槽内强电回路须同时切断习题电源，线缆敷设完毕，要进行检查和检测处理。、电气课件中调试对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行 高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料试卷相互作用与相互关系，根据生产工艺高中资料试卷要求，对电气设备进行空载与带负荷下高中资料试卷调控试验；对设备进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作；对于继电保护进行整核对定值，审核与校对图纸，编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案，编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案；对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题，作为调试人员，需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料，并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况 ，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术电力保护装置调试技术，电力保护高中资料试卷配置技术是指机组在进行继电保护高中资料试卷总体配置时，需要在最大限度内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全，并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围，或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理，尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作，并且拒绝动作，来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此，电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术，要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时，需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。
机械毕业设计英文外文翻译50材料的热处理
外文资料 HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS The understanding of heat treatment is embrace by the broader study of metallurgy .Metallurgy is the physics, chemistry , and engineering related to metals from ore extraction to the final product . Heat treatment is the operation do heating and cooling a metal in its solid state to change its physical properties. According to the procedure used, steel can be hardened to resist cutting action and abrasion , or it can be softened to permit machining .With the proper heat treatment internal ductile interior . The analysis of the steel must be known because small percentages of certain elements,notably carbon , greatly affect the physical properties . Alloy steels owe their properties to the presence of one or more elements other than carbon, namely nickel, chromium , manganese , molybdenum , tungsten ,silicon , vanadium , and copper . Because of their improved physical properties they are used commercially in many ways not possible with carbon steels. The following discussion applies principally to the heat treatment of ordinary commercial steel known as plain-carbon steels .With this proves the rate of cooling is the controlling factor, produces the opposite effect . A SIMPLIFIED IRON-CARBON DAGRAM If we focus only on the materials normally known as steels, a simplified diagram is often used . Those portions of the iron-carbon diagram near the delta region and those above 2% carbon content are of little importance to the engineer and are deleted. A simplified diagram, such as the one in Fig . 2.1 focuses on the eutectoid region and is quite useful in understanding the properties and processing of steel.
冲压模具专业词汇中英文翻译
Counter bored hole 沉孔 Chamfer 倒斜角 Fillet 倒圆角 padding block垫块 stepping bar垫条 upper die base上模座 lower die base下模座 upper supporting blank上承板 upper padding plate blank上垫板 spare dies模具备品 spring 弹簧 bolt螺栓 document folder活页夹 file folder资料夹 to put file in order整理资料 spare tools location手工备品仓 first count初盘人 first check初盘复棹人 second count 复盘人 second check复盘复核人 equipment设备 waste materials废料 work in progress product在制品 casing = containerization装箱 quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量 Quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联 filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查 end-user/using unit(department)使用单位 Summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表 bill name单据名称 This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department) 本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部) Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表 blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号
冲压模具技术外文翻译(含外文文献)
前言 在目前激烈的市场竞争中，产品投入市场的迟早往往是成败的关键。模具是高质量、高效率的产品生产工具，模具开发周期占整个产品开发周期的主要部分。因此客户对模具开发周期要求越来越短，不少客户把模具的交货期放在第一位置，然后才是质量和价格。因此，如何在保证质量、控制成本的前提下加工模具是值得认真考虑的问题。模具加工工艺是一项先进的制造工艺，已成为重要发展方向，在航空航天、汽车、机械等各行业得到越来越广泛的应用。模具加工技术，可以提高制造业的综合效益和竞争力。研究和建立模具工艺数据库，为生产企业提供迫切需要的高速切削加工数据，对推广高速切削加工技术具有非常重要的意义。本文的主要目标就是构建一个冲压模具工艺过程，将模具制造企业在实际生产中结合刀具、工件、机床与企业自身的实际情况积累得高速切削加工实例、工艺参数和经验等数据有选择地存储到高速切削数据库中，不但可以节省大量的人力、物力、财力，而且可以指导高速加工生产实践，达到提高加工效率，降低刀具费用，获得更高的经济效益。 1.冲压的概念、特点及应用 冲压是利用安装在冲压设备（主要是压力机）上的模具对材料施加压力，使其产生分离或塑性变形，从而获得所需零件（俗称冲压或冲压件）的一种压力加工方法。冲压通常是在常温下对材料进行冷变形加工，且主要采用板料来加工成所需零件，所以也叫冷冲压或板料冲压。冲压是材料压力加工或塑性加工的主要方法之一，隶属于材料成型工程术。 冲压所使用的模具称为冲压模具，简称冲模。冲模是将材料（金属或非金属）批量加工成所需冲件的专用工具。冲模在冲压中至关重要，没有符合要求的冲模，批量冲压生产就难以进行；没有先进的冲模，先进的冲压工艺就无法实现。冲压工艺与模具、冲压设备和冲压材料构成冲压加工的三要素，只有它们相互结合才能得出冲压件。 与机械加工及塑性加工的其它方法相比，冲压加工无论在技术方面还是经济方面都具有许多独特的优点，主要表现如下； (1) 冲压加工的生产效率高，且操作方便，易于实现机械化与自动化。这是
钢结构英文翻译对照
Steel structure 面积：area 结构形式：framework 坡度：slope 跨度：span 柱距：bay spacing 檐高：eave height 屋面板：roof system 墙面板：wall system 梁底净高: clean height 屋面系统: roof cladding 招标文件: tender doc 建筑结构结构可靠度设计统一标准: unified standard for designing of architecture construction reliablity 建筑结构荷载设计规范: load design standard for architecture construction 建筑抗震设计规范: anti-seismic design standard for architecture 钢结构设计规范: steel structure design standard 冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范: technical standard for cold bend and thick steel structure 门式钢架轻型房屋钢结构技术规范: technical specification for steel structure of light weight building with gabled frames 钢结构焊接规程: welding specification for steel structure 钢结构工程施工及验收规范: checking standard for constructing and checking of steel structure 压型金属板设计施工规程: design and construction specification for steel panel 荷载条件：load condition 屋面活荷载：live load on roof 屋面悬挂荷载：suspended load in roof 风荷载：wind load 雪荷载：snow load 抗震等级：seismic load 变形控制：deflect control 柱间支撑X撑：X bracing 主结构：primary structure 钢架梁柱、端墙柱: frame beam, frame column, and end-wall column 钢材牌号为Q345或相当牌号，大型钢厂出品：Q345 or equivalent, from the major steel mill 表面处理：抛丸除锈Sa2.5级，环氧富锌漆，两底两面，总厚度为125UM。表面喷涂防火材料，防火等级为：柱2小时，梁1.5小时 surface treatment: shot blasting to Sa2.5,zinc rich epoxy paint. 2primer paint and 2 finish paint .total dry film thickness 125um. Spraying fireproof painting on surface, for column 2hours and beam 1.5hours. 次结构包括：屋面檩条、围梁、门窗开口加强等，工厂轧制成C型、Z型截面，工厂预冲孔。Secondary structure included purlins, girts, roof opening and wall opening reinforcement, prepunched and rolled to C or Z section on factory machine. 材质：热浸镀锌卷材，Q345或相当牌号，大型钢厂出品或进口。Material : hot-dipped galvanized steel coil, Q345 or equivalent, from the major domestic steel mills or imported.
机械专业术语英文翻译
陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking
技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams
市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译
市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译 本文为市场营销中经常用到的一些中文与英文互译的标准用语，希望对市场营销从业人员有所帮助。 《财富》杂志Fortune 案头调研Desk Research 奥美公司Ogilvy & Mather 白色商品White Goods 百乐门Parliament 百威啤酒Budweiser 包裹销售法Banded Pack 宝洁公司Procter & Gamble 宝丽来Polaroid 宝马BMW 边际成本Marginal Cost 边际收益Marginal Benefit 标准差，均差Standard Deviation 别克Buick 波立兹调查公司Alfred Politz Research, Inc 波旁王朝Ancient Age Bourbon 波特福洛分析Portefolio Analysis 产品差异Product Differentiation 产品生命周期Product Life Cycle 产品系列Product Line 产品组合Product Mix 阐述Presentation 超级市场Supermarket 成对比较法Paired Comparisons 成功的理想主义者Successful Idealist 承诺型消费者Committed Buyer 程度测试Tachistoscope 橙色商品Orange Goods 冲动购买Impulse Buying 重叠率Duplication 抽样Sampling 传销Pyramid Selling 传阅发行量Pass-on Circulation 词语联想法Word Associaton 刺激营销Incentive Marketing 促销Promotion 达彼思广告公司Ted Bates & Copany 大卫·奥格威David Ogilvy 戴比尔斯De Beers
冲压模具专业词汇中英文翻译
冲压模具词汇 Counter bored hole 沉孔 Chamfer 倒斜角 Fillet 倒圆角 padding block垫块 stepping bar垫条 upper die base上模座 lower die base下模座 upper supporting blank上承板 upper padding plate blank上垫板 spare dies模具备品 spring 弹簧 bolt螺栓 document folder活页夹 file folder资料夹 to put file in order整理资料 spare tools location手工备品仓 first count初盘人 first check初盘复棹人 second count 复盘人 second check复盘复核人 equipment设备 waste materials废料 work in progress product在制品 casing = containerization装箱 quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量 Quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联 filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查 end-user/using unit(department)使用单位 Summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表 bill name单据名称 This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department) 本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部) Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表
机械专业外文翻译中英文翻译
外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost．Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so．Nowadays，bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)．The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’ performance．An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits．For load sharing on multiple drives．torque and speed control are also important consideratio ns in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology，at present many more reliable．Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems cov ering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1．1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters．With a full-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive．Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors．With direct fu11-voltage starters．no control is provided for various conveyor loads and．depending on the ratio between fu11- and no-1oad power requirements，empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load．The maintenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliable．However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque；therefore．they are
金属热处理外文及翻译
湖南工院 毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 外文题目Heat treatment of metal 译文题目金属热处理 系部机械工程系 专业班级机械设计制造及其自动化 机本0807班 学生姓名曹然 指导教师陈平、邓兴贵 完成时间2012-05
原文 Heat treatment of metal The generally accepted definition for heat treating metals and metal alloys is “heating and cooling a solid metal or alloy in a way so as to obtain specific conditions or properties.”Heating for the sole purpose of hot working (as in forging operations) is excluded from this definition．Likewise，the types of heat treatment that are sometimes used for products such as glass or plastics are also excluded from coverage by this definition． Transformation Curves The basis for heat treatment is the time-temperature-transformation curves or TTT curves where，in a single diagram all the three parameters are plotted．Because of the shape of the curves，they are also sometimes called C-curves or S-curves． To plot TTT curves，the particular steel is held at a given temperature and the structure is examined at predetermined intervals to record the amount of transformation taken place．It is known that the eutectoid steel (T80) under equilibrium conditions contains，all austenite above 723℃，whereas below，it is the pearlite．To form pearlite，the carbon atoms should diffuse to form cementite．The diffusion being a rate process，would require sufficient time for complete transformation of austenite to pearlite．From different samples，it is possible to note the amount of the transformation taking place at any temperature．These points are then plotted on a graph with time and temperature as the axes．Through these points，transformation curves can be plotted as shown in Fig.1 for eutectoid steel．The curve at extreme left represents the time required for the transformation of austenite to pearlite to start at any given temperature．Similarly，the curve at extreme right represents the time required for completing the transformation．Between the two curves are the points representing partial transformation. The horizontal lines Ms and Mf represent the start and finish of martensitic transformation. Classification of Heat Treating Processes In some instances，heat treatment procedures are clear-cut in terms of technique and application．whereas in other instances，descriptions or simple explanations are insufficient because the same technique frequently may be used to obtain different objectives．For example, stress relieving and tempering are often accomplished with the same equipment and by use of identical time and temperature cycles．The objectives，however，are different for the two processes．
钢结构术语中英文对照
钢结构术语中英文对照 强度strength 承载能力load-carrying capacity 脆断brittle fracture 强度标准值characteristic value of strength 强度设计值design value of strength 一阶弹性分析first order elastic analysis 阶弹性分析second order elastic analysis 屈曲buckling 腹板屈曲后强度post-buckling strength of web plate 通用高厚normalizde web slenderness 整体稳定overall stability 有效宽度effective width 有效宽度系数effective width factor 长细比slenderness ratio 换算长细比equivalent slenderness ratio 支撑力nodal bracing force 无支撑纯框架unbraced frame 强支撑框架frame braced with strong bracing system 弱支撑框架frame braced with weak bracing system 摇摆柱leaning column 柱腹板节点域panel zone of column web 球形钢支座spherical steel bearing 橡胶支座couposite rubber and steel support 主管chord member 支管bracing member 隙节点gap joint 搭接节点overlap joint 平面管节点uniplanar joint 空间管节点multiplanar joint 组合构件built-up member 钢与混凝土组合梁composite steel and concrete beam A acceptable quality 合格质量 acceptance lot 验收批量 aciera 钢材 against slip coefficient between frictionsurface of high-strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数 allowable ratio of height to sectionalthickness of masonry wall or column 砌体墙、柱容许高厚比 allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比
机械术语英文翻译
机械术语英文翻译 阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm 安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load 凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench 板簧flat leaf spring 半圆键woodruff key 变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar 摆动从动件oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律cycloidal motion 摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact 保持架cage背对背安装丨back-to-back arrangement 背锥back cone ；normal cone 背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale 热容specific heat capacity 闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism 臂部arm 变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed 变速speed change 变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient 标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear 表面质量系数superficial mass factor 表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness 并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism 并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering 并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance 不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance 不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator 波数number of waves补偿compensation 参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress 操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel 槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate 槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash 差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism 差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor 承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting 尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space 齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash 齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle 齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle 齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch 齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile 齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear 齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack 齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank 齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling 齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number 齿数比gear ratio齿条rack 齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain 齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism 插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points 重合度contact ratio冲床punch
专业名词对应英文翻译
预约券reservation ticket 下午茶high tea 微博Microblog/ Tweets 裸婚naked wedding 亚健康sub-health 平角裤boxers 愤青young cynic 灵魂伴侣soul mate 小白脸toy boy 精神出轨soul infidelity 人肉搜索flesh search 剩女3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls 山寨copycat 异地恋long-distance relationship 性感妈妈yummy mummy 钻石王老五diamond bachelor 时尚达人fashion icon 上相的,上镜头的photogenic 学术界academic circle 哈证族certificate maniac 偶像派idol type 住房公积金housing funds 熟女cougar（源自电影Cougar Club） 挑食者picky-eater 伪球迷fake fans 紧身服straitjacket 团购group buying 奉子成婚shotgun marriage 婚前性行为premarital sex 炫富flaunt wealth 决堤breaching of the dike 上市list share 赌球soccer gambling 桑拿天sauna weather 自杀Dutch act 假发票fake invoice 金砖四国BRIC countries 笑料laughing stock 泰国香米Thai fragrant rice 学历造假fabricate academic credentials 泄洪release flood waters 狂热的gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him 防暑降温补贴high temperature subsidy 暗淡前景bleak prospects
金属热处理中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 原文： Heat treatment of metal The generally accepted definition for heat treating metals and metal alloys is “heating and cooling a solid metal or alloy in a way so as to obtain specific conditions or properties.”Heating for the sole purpose of hot working (as in forging operations) is excluded from this definition．Likewise，the types of heat treatment that are sometimes used for products such as glass or plastics are also excluded from coverage by this definition． Transformation Curves The basis for heat treatment is the time-temperature-transformation curves or TTT curves where，in a single diagram all the three parameters are plotted．Because of the shape of the curves，they are also sometimes called C-curves or S-curves．