2019-2020同步译林英语选修八新突破讲义：Unit+4+英美文化欣赏和答案
【导读】当演员是多少人孩提时期的梦想。人们通常以为演员代表的是光鲜、美丽与富有，但真的是那样吗？
【节选】
Pictures
Eight o'clock in the morning.Miss Ada Moss lay in her narrow bed，staring up at the ceiling.Her room，which was right at the top of a tall house in Bloomsbury，smelled of wet clothes and face powder and the bag of fried potatoes she had brought in for supper the night before.
‘Oh dear，’thought Miss Moss.‘I am cold.I wonder why I always wake up so cold in the mornings now.My knees and feet and my back—especially my back—are like ice.And I was always so warm in the old days.It isn't because I'm thin.I'm just as well-covered as I always was.No，it's because I don't have a good hot dinner in the evenings.’
She imagined a row of good hot dinners passing across the ceiling，each with a bottle of good strong beer.
‘I'd like to get up now，’she thought，‘and have a big sensible breakfast.’Pictures of big sensible breakfasts followed the good hot dinners across the ceiling.Miss Moss pulled the blanket up over her head and closed her eyes.Suddenly，her landlady burst into the room.
‘There's a letter for you，Miss Moss.’
‘Oh，’said Miss Moss，in a voice which was much too friendly，‘thank you very much，Mrs Pine.It's very good of you to bring me my letters.’
‘Oh，it's nothing，’said the landlady.‘I hope it's the letter that you've been waiting for.’
‘Yes，’said Miss Moss brightly，‘yes，perhaps it is.I wouldn't be surprised.’
‘Well，I'd be very surprised，’said the landlady.‘That's the truth.And can you open it right now，please？A lot of landladies wouldn't even ask—they'd just open it themselves.Things can't go on like this，Miss Moss，indeed they can't.First you tell me
you've got the money to pay your rent，then you say you haven't，then there's a letter lost in the post or a theatre manager who's gone to Brighton but will be coming back soon—I'm sick and tired of it all，and I've had enough.At a time like this，too，with the price of everything sky-high and my poor boy away at the war in France！If you can't pay your rent，there's plenty of other people who would give me good money for a room like this.As my sister Eliza was saying to me only yesterday，Miss Moss，I've been much too soft-hearted with you！’
Miss Moss did not seem to be listening to this.She tore open the letter.It was from a film company.
‘No suitable parts for a lady of your experience at present，’she read.
She stared at it for a long time before she spoke to her landlady.
‘Well，Mrs Pine，’she said.‘I think you'll be sorry for what you've just sa id.This is from a theatre manager who wants to see me immediately about a part in a new musical show.’
But the landlady was too quick for her.She tore the letter out of Miss Moss's hand.
‘Oh is it，is it indeed！’she cried.
‘Give me back that letter.Give it back to me at once，you bad，wicked woman，’cried Miss Moss.She could not get out of bed because she had a hole in her nightdress.
‘Well，Miss Moss，’said the landlady，‘if I don't get my money by eight o'clock tonight，you can get out of my house，my Lady.’
The door banged and Miss Moss was alone.She threw back the bedclothes，and sat on the side of the bed，shaking with anger and staring at her fat white legs.‘The old cat，’she said，‘the rotten old cat！’Then she began to pull on her clothes.
‘Oh，I wish I could pay that woman！Then I'd tell her what I think of her！’She suddenly saw her face in the mirror，and gave herself a little smile.
‘Well，old girl，’she said，‘you're in trouble this time，and no mistake.’But the person in the mirror stopped smiling.
‘You silly thing，’said Miss Moss.‘It's no good crying.You'll make your nose all https://www.360docs.net/doc/067024274.html,e on！Get dressed，and go out and find a job.That's what you've got to do.’She picked up her bag and shook it.A few small coins fell out.
‘I'll have a nice cup of tea at an ABC café before I go anywhere，’she decided.‘I've got enough money for that.’
Ten minutes later，a large lady in a blue dress and a black hat covered in purple flowers looked at herself in the mirror，and sang：
‘Sweetheart，remember that hope never dies
And it al—ways is dark—est before sunrise.’
But the person in the mirror wouldn't smile at her，and Miss Moss went out.
When she came to the ABC café，the door was open. A man was carrying boxes of bread in，and two waitresses were combing their hair and talking.
‘My young man ca me home from France last night，’one of the girls sang happily.
‘Oh，I say！How topping for you！’cried the other.
‘Yes，wasn't it！He brought me a sweet little brooch.Look，it's got“Dieppe”written on it.’
‘Oh，I say！How topping for you！’
The man with the boxes of bread came in again，almost knocking Miss Moss over.
‘Can I have a cup of tea，please？’she asked.
But the waitress went on combing her hair.‘Oh，’she sang，‘we're not open yet.’She turned to the other girl.‘Are we，dear？’
‘Oh，no，’said the other waitress.
Miss Moss went out.‘I'll go to Charing Cross，’she decided.‘That's what I'll do.And I'll have coffee，not tea.Coffee's more filling.Those girls！Her young man came home；he brought her a brooch...’She began to cross the road.
‘Look out，Fatty！’shouted a taxi-driver.Miss Moss pretended not to hear.
‘No，I won't go to Charing Cross，’she decided.‘I'll go straight to Kig and Kadgit.They open at nine.If I get there early，Mr.Kadgit may have something for me...“I'm so glad to see you，Miss Moss.I've just heard from a manager who wants a lady...exactly the right part for you...three pounds a week...go and see him immediately.It's lucky you came so early.”’
But there was nobody at Kig and Kadgit except an old woman washing the floor in the passage.
‘Nobody here yet，Miss，’the old woman said.
‘Oh，isn't Mr.Kadgit here？’said Miss Moss.‘I'll sit down and wait for him，if I may.’
‘You can't wait in the waiting-room，Miss.I haven't cleaned it yet.Mr.Kadgit never comes in before eleven thirty on a Saturday.Sometimes he doesn't come in at a ll.’‘How silly of me，’said Miss Moss.‘I forgot it was Saturday.’
‘Mind your feet，please，Miss，’said the old woman.And Miss Moss was out in the street again.
The nice thing about Beit and Bithem was—it was always crowded.You walked into the waiting-room and you met everybody you knew.The early ones sat on chairs，and the later ones sat on the early ones' knees，while the men stood around the walls，talking and joking with the ladies.
‘Hello，’said Miss Moss，in her friendly way.‘Here we are again！’
And young Mr.Clayton did a couple of dance-steps and sang：‘Waiting for the Robert E．Lee！’
‘Mr.Bithem here yet？’asked Miss Moss，powdering her nose.
‘Oh，yes，dear！’cried all the girls together.‘He's been here for ages.We've been waiting for more than an hour！’
‘Oh dear，’said Miss Moss.‘Any work for us，do you think？’
‘Oh，a few jobs in Africa，’said young Mr.Clayton.‘A hundred and fifty a week for two years，you know.’
‘Oh！’cried the girls.‘Isn't he a scream？Isn't he too funny？’
A dark girl with a sad face touched Miss Moss on the arm.‘I just missed a lovely job yesterday，’she said.‘Six weeks on tour，and then the West End. The manager said I would have got it if I'd been a bit stronger-looking.He said the part was made for me—only I'm too thin.’She stared at Miss Moss，and the dirty，dark red rose on her hat looked as sad and disappointed as she was.
‘Oh，dear，that was awfully bad luck，’Miss Moss said，trying hard not to sound too interested.‘What was the show called，may I ask？’
But the sad，dark girl understood what Miss Moss wanted，and a mean look came into her heavy eyes.
‘Oh，it wasn't a part for you，my dear，’she said.‘He wanted someone young，you
know，a dark Spanish type like me.I was too thin，that was the only problem.
The door opened and Mr.Bithem appeared.He kept one hand on the door，and held up the other for silence.
‘Look here，ladies’—and here he paused and gave them his famous smile—‘and all you boys，’They all laughed loudly at that.‘I've got nothing for you this https://www.360docs.net/doc/067024274.html,e back on Monday.I'm expecting several phone calls on Monday.’
Miss Moss pushed desperately through the crowd.‘Mr.Bithem，I wonder if you've had any news from...’
‘Now，let me see，’said Mr.Bithem slowly，staring at her.He had seen Miss Moss four times a week for—how many weeks was it？‘Now，who are you？’‘Miss Ada Moss.’
‘Oh yes，yes；of course，my dear.Not yet，my dear.Now I had a call for twenty-eight ladies today，but they had to be young and able to kick their legs up a https://www.360docs.net/doc/067024274.html,e back the week after next—there'll be nothing before that.’
电影
早上8点钟。埃达·莫斯小姐躺在她窄窄的床上，两眼直盯着天花板。她的房间正好位于布卢姆斯伯里区一幢高楼的最顶层，房间里混杂着湿衣服、香粉和炸土豆的味道，那包炸土豆是她昨晚带回来当晚饭的。
“噢，天啊，”莫斯小姐思忖着，“我觉得好冷。我真不知道为什么这些日子早上醒来的时候，总觉得那么冷。我的膝盖、脚和背——尤其是背——冷得像冰块一样。我从前可总是暖暖和和的。这并不是因为我瘦的缘故，而且我盖的被子也和以前一样多。不，这准是因为我晚上总吃不上可口的热乎乎的晚餐。”
她想象着一盘盘可口的热乎乎的晚餐排着队从天花板上穿过，每样晚餐还配有一瓶上等的烈性啤酒。
“我想现在起床，”她想，“去吃一顿丰盛的早餐。”天花板上那可口的热乎乎的晚餐上过去之后，随之而来的是丰盛的早餐。莫斯小姐拉起毯子蒙在头上，闭上了眼睛。突然，房东太太闯了进来。
“有你一封信，莫斯小姐。”
“噢，”莫斯小姐用一种过于友好的声调说，“太感谢您了，派因太太。您帮我拿信，真是太好了。”
“噢，这没什么，”房东太太说，“我希望这是你一直在等的那封信。”
“对，”莫斯小姐欢快地说，“对，可能是的。我不觉得意外。”
“嗯，可我觉得很意外，”房东太太说，“我说的是真话。能不能请你现在就把信拆开？许多房东甚至问都不问——就自己拆开看了。不能再这样拖下去了，莫斯小姐，确实不能再这样了。你先是说你有钱付房租了，后来又说你没钱，然后又是信被邮局搞丢了，再有就是剧院经理去布赖顿了，但很快就能回来——我对这些都听腻了，简直受够了。眼下这年头，所有东西的价钱都高上了天，我那可怜的孩子又远在法国打仗！要是你付不起房租，有的是人愿意出高价租这间房子。我姐姐伊莱扎昨天还跟我说来着。莫斯小姐，我对你可真够仁慈的了！”
莫斯小姐好像没听到这些。她把信拆开。信是一家电影公司寄来的。
“我们现在没有适合您这种经历的女士扮演的角色。”她看着信。
她盯着信看了很久才和房东太太说话。
“嗯，派因太太，”她说，“我想你会为你刚才说过的话后悔的。这封信是一位剧院经理写来的，他想马上见我，跟我谈谈有关一部新音乐剧中的角色的事。”
但是房东太太手疾眼快，从莫斯小姐手里一把扯过信来。
“噢，是吗，真是这样吗！”她叫道。
“把信还给我，马上把信还给我，你这个不要脸的坏女人。”莫斯小姐叫了起来。她下不了床，因为她的睡衣上破了个洞。
“好吧，莫斯小姐，”房东太太说，“到今晚8点钟时，要是我还拿不到钱的话，你就从我的房子里滚出去，我的小姐。”
门“砰”地一声关上了，房间里只剩下莫斯小姐一人。她一把掀开被子，坐在床边，气得浑身发抖，两眼盯着自己白胖的腿。“老恶妇，”她说，“不要脸的老恶妇！”然后她开始穿衣服。
“噢，要是我有钱付给那个女人该多好！然后我就告诉她她在我心目中是个什么样子！”她突然在镜子里看到自己的脸，然后冲着自己微微一笑。
“嗯，老姑娘，”她说，“这次你可有麻烦了，绝对没错。”镜子中的那个人已经不再笑了。
“你这个傻东西，”莫斯小姐说，“哭有什么用，只会把你的鼻子弄得通红。来吧！穿好衣服，出去找工作。这才是你应该做的。”
她拿起背包晃了晃，从包里掉出了几枚小硬币。
“不管去哪儿，我得先到ABC咖啡馆好好喝上一杯茶，”她打定主意，“我的钱足够喝茶了。”
十分钟后，只见一位身穿蓝裙子，头戴黑底紫花帽子的胖女人边照镜子边唱歌：
“希望永远不会破灭哟
我的爱人你要记在心
太阳升起前哟
总是最黑暗的时分。”
可是镜子里的人不再冲她微笑了。莫斯小姐走了出去。
当她走到ABC咖啡馆的时候，店门已经开了。一个男人正在往咖啡馆里搬一箱箱的面包，两个女招待边梳头边聊天。
“我男人昨晚从法国回来了。”其中一个女招待高兴地说道。
“噢，真的吗！瞧把你高兴的！”另一个大声说。
“是啊，谁说不是呢！他给我带了个漂亮的小胸针。你看，上面还写着‘迪耶普’三个字呢。”
“噢，真的吗！真把你美死了！”
那个搬面包箱的男人又进来了，差点儿把莫斯小姐撞倒。
“请给我来杯茶好吗？”她问道。
但那个女招待继续梳着头。“哦，”她唱歌似地说，“我们还没开门呢。”她转身对另一个女招待说：“开门了吗，亲爱的？”
“哦，还没开呢。”另一个女招待说。
莫斯小姐走了出去。“我去‘查理十字街’吧，”她拿定主意，“就到那儿去。我要喝咖啡，不喝茶了。咖啡更能填饱肚子。这些姑娘！她男人回家了；还给她带回一个胸针……”她准备过马路。
“当心，肥婆！”一个出租车司机大声叫道。莫斯小姐装作没听见。
“不，我不去‘查理十字街’了，”她又有了一个决定，“我直接去‘基格和卡德吉特’吧。那儿9点钟开门。要是我去得早，卡德吉特先生可能会有消息告诉我……‘莫斯小姐，很高兴见到你。我刚从一位经理那里听说，他需要一位女士……这个角
色挺适合你的……一周三英镑……赶快去找他吧。你来得早，算你运气。’”
但在“基格和卡德吉特”里，除了一位在过道擦地板的老妇人外，一个人都没有。
“这儿还没来人呢，小姐。”老妇人说。
“哦，卡德吉特先生不在吗？”莫斯小姐问，“如果可以的话，我坐下来等他。”
“你不能在等候室等，小姐。那儿我还没有打扫干净呢。每逢星期六，不到11点半卡德吉特先生是不会来的，有时干脆一整天都不来。”
“我多傻呀，”莫斯小姐说，“我忘了今天是星期六了。”
“请留心您的脚，小姐。”老妇人说。莫斯小姐又来到了大街上。
“拜特和比瑟姆”这个地方的好处在于——这儿总是挤满了人。走进等候室，你碰到的每一个人都是你认识的。早来的人坐在椅子上，晚来的人坐在早来的人的膝盖上，男人们靠墙边站着，跟女人聊天、开玩笑。
“你好，”莫斯小姐友好地说，“我们又见面了！”
年轻的克莱顿先生走了几个舞步，唱道：“在等罗伯特·E.李！”
“比瑟姆先生来了吗？”莫斯小姐边问边往鼻子上扑粉。
“哦，来了，亲爱的！”所有的姑娘们一块儿喊道，“他已经来了很久了，我们都等了一个多小时了！”
“哦，天啊，”莫斯小姐问，“你们觉得我们会有事做吗？”
“哦，有几个去非洲的差事，”年轻的克莱顿先生说，“要知道，去上两年，每星期能挣150英镑。”
“噢！”姑娘们叫道，“他可真滑稽，真有趣！”
一位皮肤黑黑的、哭丧着脸的姑娘碰了碰莫斯小姐的胳膊。“我昨天错过了一个好差事，”她说，“先巡回演出六周，然后再去伦敦西区。经理说我要是看起来再强壮点儿，就能得到这份工作了。他说这个角色挺适合我的——只是我太瘦了。”她盯着莫斯小姐，她帽子上那朵肮脏的、暗红色的玫瑰看起来跟她本人一样忧伤、失望。
“哦，亲爱的，真是太倒霉了，”莫斯小姐尽量使自己的声音听起来漫不经心，“我可不可以问问那个剧叫什么名字？”
那个哭丧着脸、黑皮肤的姑娘一下看破了莫斯小姐的心思，她那双疲倦的眼睛里闪现出一丝恶意。
“哦，那个角色不适合你，亲爱的，”她说，“你知道，人家要的是年轻姑娘，
像我这样黑黑的，西班牙风格的。我太瘦弱了，这是唯一的问题。”
门开了，比瑟姆先生出现了。他一只手扶着门，举起另一只手示意大家安静。
“注意了，女士们”——说到这儿他停了一下，露出他广为人知的笑容——“还有你们这些小伙子们。”等候室里的人哄堂大笑起来。“今天早上是没什么指望了，星期一再来吧，我想星期一会来几个电话。”
莫斯小姐在人群中不顾一切地朝前挤。“比瑟姆先生，我想知道你有没有什么消息……”
“嗯，让我想想。”比瑟姆先生慢吞吞地说，两眼盯着她看。他每周看见莫斯小姐四次——已经连续多少个星期了呢？“你是谁？”
“埃达·莫斯小姐。”
“哦，对，对；是的，亲爱的。还没有消息，亲爱的。今天我接到个电话，要招28个女的，可人家要年轻的，还要能跳几下舞的。下下周再来吧——这之前不会有什么了。”
[知识积累]
1．cat n．狠毒的女人
2．rotten adj.腐化的；道德败坏的
3．I say 用以表示惊讶、震惊等
4．knock sb./sth.over 撞倒
5．tour n.巡回比赛、演出等
6．heavy adj.昏昏欲睡的，显得疲倦的
[文化链接]
短篇小说《电影》是英国女作家Katherin Mansfield的作品。
主人公埃达·莫斯小姐是位业余演员，过着贫困潦倒的生活。房东老太太天天来逼交房租，莫斯小姐分分钟有被赶到大街上去的可能……
英美文化考题翻译
UK Unit 1 The COUNTRY 1. Read the following statements carefully and then decide whether they are true or false. Put a “T” if you think the statement is true and an “F” if it is not. United Kingdom and Northern Island is located in northern Europe. ( F )英国和北爱尔兰坐落在北欧。 （注：北爱尔兰是英国的一部分，而英国位于西欧，即Western Europe，是一个岛国） 2.The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions ------ England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. ( F ) 英国包含四个政治分区，分别是英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰。 （注：爱尔兰是西欧的一个国家，此处应为“北爱尔兰”即Norther Island，这才是英国的一个地区。） 3.England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. ( F ) 英格兰是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿之一。 （注：不列颠群岛包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛、马恩岛及附近的5 500多个小岛； 英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，有大不列颠岛上的英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰岛上的北爱尔兰组成。大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛才是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿，英格兰是大不列颠岛上的岛屿之一。） 4.The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones. ( F )不列颠群岛由三个大岛屿和许多小岛屿组成。 （注：由两个大岛屿和其他小岛组成，大岛屿为大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛） 5.Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain. ( F ) 威尔士坐落在大不列颠岛的东海岸。
初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc
About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?
英美文化教学大纲
《英美文化》教学大纲 课程名称：英美文化适用层次、专业：英语本科 学时：64 学分： 4 课程类型：选修课程性质：专业方向课 先修课程：（无要求） 一、课程的教学目标与任务 本课程适合英语专业二、三年级学生。开设本课程的目的在于使学生通过学习，能够比较全面地了解英美国家的各种基本情况和制度，学会与之相关的英语语汇和表达方式。 本课程涵盖量较大，要让学生在较短的时间内完全了解英美两国的具体情况是无法做到的。因此，在进行本课程的教学时，应注意以下几点： 1．学生在课外多收集关于英美两国的资料，有助于充分理解各个部分的知识。 2. 教师除了进行课堂讲解外，还应多提供一些知识内容有关的资料。 3.要求学生做好课前预习和课后知识的巩固。 二、课程讲授内容 英国部分（总学时:32学时；理论学时：32;实验学时：无） Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom（2学时） 1.具体内容： After learning this chapter, students should have a knowledge of 1) British history of invasions and the influence of each invasion on English culture; 2) the general characteristics of each part of the UK; 3)some political problems in Northern Island and the causes for the problems 2. 基本要求： 了解英国的历史概况和四个组成部分的地方特色。 3. 教学重点与难点: the effects of its imperial past; a member of the European Union; a significant role of London; cultural and economic dominance of England; invasion from the Roman Empire; settlement of the Anglo-Saxons; strong Scottish identity; Brief introduction to
英美文化在英语教学中的应用
英美文化在英语教学中的应用 摘要：随着全球化趋势的加剧，越来越要求我们克服文化差异，顺利实现跨文 化交际，新的《英语课程标准》和近几年的高考试题也明显体现了这方面的要求。如何在日常的高中英语教学中渗透文化教学已成为每位高中英语教师必须解决的 课题。本文结合高中英语教学实际，对此进行了有益的探讨，具有较强的可操作性。 关键词：文化交流；英语教学；文化意识 在英语教学中渗透文化教育是基础教育阶段英语课程的重要任务之一。基础教育阶段， 英语课程使用的教材是学生学习和教师教学的重要内容和手段。这套教材将中国文化与英美 文化交织在一起，因此，在教学中要充分发掘教材，渗透文化教育，使语言技能的教学和文 化意识的培养同步进行，使学生在学习英语的过程中了解英语国家的文化，发展跨文化交际 的意识和能力。 一、高中英语教学中渗透文化教学的必要性 众所周知，21世纪是全球化的时代，精神和物质产品的加速流通，将世界各个民族纳入 到一个共同的“地球村”中，国际间的政治、经济和文化交往越来越频繁，已经成为各民族生 活中不可或缺的部分。然而，国际交往的顺利实现，除了要求我们具备基本的听、说、读、 写这些外语技能，还要求我们必须要对渗透在外语中的外国文化有较深入的了解。文化差异 是跨文化交际的障碍，克服文化差异造成的交际障碍已经成为整个世界共同面临的问题。作 为当前英语课程改革实践中的一线教师，要想让今天的受教育者在将来能够顺利完成其交际 活动，就必须增强文化思维的观念，将语言教学和文化渗透有机结合起来，否则就必然造成 日后交际上的重大失误。 在高中英语教学中导入文化背景知识、培养学生的跨文化交际能力、培养学生文化意识、增强对文化差异的敏感性和鉴赏能力，已成为现代英语教学的重要目的之一。教育部颁布的《英语课程标准》已把“提高对中外文化异同的敏感性和鉴别能力，进而提高跨文化交际能力”列入高中英语课程的内容和目标之中。《英语课程标准》指出，文化主要指英语国家的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范和价值观念等。所以教师要在 课内外着重上述文化内容的渗透。《英语课程标准》也列出了在高中英语学习阶段要达到的七、八级目标，其中七级为必须达到的目标。以下是七级目标描述：1.理解英语中的常用成 语和俗语极其文化内涵；2.理解英语交际中的常用典故和传说；3.了解英语国家主要的文学家、艺术家、科学家、政治家的成就、贡献等。4.初步了解主要英语国家的政治和经济等方 面的情况；5.了解英语国家中主要大众传播媒体的情况；6.了解主要英语国家人们与中国人 生活方式的异同；7.了解英语国家人们在行为举止和待人接物等方面与中国人的异同；8.了 解英语国家的主要宗教传统；9.通过学习英语了解世界文化，培养世界意识；10.通过中外文 化对比加深对中国文化的理解。 与此相适应，近年的高考英语试题更是在文化背景知识和语言运用实践性方面有了明显 的延伸和拓展。试题内容更贴近生活，反映着当前社会包括国际社会的各种新问题和新内容。同时，在语言运用方面提出了更高的要求，在获取信息方面要求阅读原汁原味的英文，这里 就既有语言是否地道、标准的问题，也有关于文化氛围和背景的问题。高考命题的走势说明 了一个简单的事实，即学习英语不可能仅仅学习语言，它必须与学习文化同步进行。 二、英美文化对高中教学的作用 学习英语不能不注意中国和西方的差异文化，否则会引起不必要的误会。在英语教学中，可以常常发现毫元恶意的语言会使对方惊讶或愤怒，简单的一句话会使一方捧腹大笑，而另 一方则全然不知其幽默所在。如果了解了这些不同的英美文化背景，就不会产生这些误会了。 英美文化除了对口语教学及交际至关重要外，对英语教学中的其他内容，如听力、阅读 及翻译写作也有影响。在英语听力教学中，常常发现学生在听力训练上花费的工夫不少，但 成果却不如人意。其中一个重要原因就是对英美文化了解太少。如与英美文化有关的材料， 即使内容简单，有时也只是听明白了字面意思不能了解真正的内涵。 英美文化在英语阅斗中也起着重要的作用。如果不了解英美文化背景，在英语学习中同
Unit 4 英美文化欣赏-精选教学文档
【导读】《彼得·潘》是20世纪最伟大的童话巨著之一，是英国著名小说家、剧作家詹姆斯·巴里最著名的作品。这部充满想象与冒险的经典儿童故事，叙述了温迪和彼得·潘等几个小孩在梦幻岛的奇遇。故事创造了一个让孩子们十分憧憬的童话世界——梦幻岛，对孩子们来说，这是一种最纯朴、最天然的境界。 Peter and Wendy (excerpt) All children，except one，grow up.They soon know that they will grow up，and the way Wendy knew was this.One day when she was two years old she was playing in a garden，and she plucked another flower and ran with it to her mother.I suppose she must have looked rather delightful，for Mrs Darling put her hand to her heart and cried，“Oh，why can't you remain like this for ever！” This was all that passed between them on the subject，but henceforth Wendy knew that she must grow up.You always know after you are two.Two is the beginning of the end. Of course they lived at 14 (their house number on their street)，and until Wendy came her mother was the chief one.She was a lovely lady，with a romantic mind and such a sweet mocking mouth.Her romantic mind was like the tiny boxes，one within the other，that come from the puzzling East，however many you discover there is always one more；and her sweet mocking mouth had one kiss on it that Wendy could never get，though there is was，perfectly conspicuous in the right-hand corner. The way Mr Darling won her was this：the many gentlemen who had been boys when she was a girl discovered simultaneously that they loved her，and they all ran to her house to propose to her except Mr Darling，who took a cab and nipped in first，and so he got her.He got all of her，except the innermost box and the kiss.He never knew about the box，and in time he gave up trying for the kiss.Wendy thought Napoleon could have got it，but I can picture him trying，and then going off in a passion，slamming the door. 彼得·潘(节选) 所有的孩子都要长大的，只有一个例外。所有的孩子很快都知道他们将要长大成人。温迪是这样知道的：她两岁的时候，有一天在花园里玩，她摘了一朵花，
英美文化
一．A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning （告别辞：莫悲伤） Whilst some of their sad friends do say , The breath goes now , and some say, no: (ABAB) Moving of th'earth brings harms and fears, earthquake--caused by God's anger Men reckon what it did and meant, calculate/count up But trepidation of the spheres, trembling (Whose soul is sense) cannot admit Absence, because it doth remove Those things which elemented it. composed physical love (DFDF)
But we by a love, so much refin'd, purified That our selves know not what it is, Inter-assured of the mind, mutually assured Our two souls therefore, which are one, Though I must go, endure not yet, yet not to suffer If they be two, they are two so As stiff twin compasses are two, To move, but doth, if th'other do. (JKJK) And though it in the center sit, fixed foot Yet when the other far doth roam, does move far It leans, and hearkens after it, And grows erect, as that comes home.the foot that draws the circumference (LFLF) Such wilt thou be to me, who must Like th'other foot, obliquely run; And makes me end, where I begun (MNMN) 主题：The poet and his lover is going to separate. The poet would like to comfort his lover that their love is sacred and they will never be inseparable as the soul will never be inseparable from the body so that she shouldn’t show grief to his leaving. 主人公：The poet loves his lover very much. Although they are going to separate, he still knows clearly that no matter where he goes, their souls will always be together and their love will always be pure as well as sacred.
英语专业英美文化概况之新西兰NEW ZEALAND
U1 Land, People and History Ⅰ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1.Which of the following mountains is the highest in New Zealand? A Alps B Ruapehu C Southern Alps D Mt. Cook 2.In size, New Zealand is similar to ____ A Japan B British Isles C Japan plus the British Isles D A & B 3.The longest river of the country is ____ A Waikato river B Clutha river C Rakaia river D Wanganui river 4.The largest city in New Zealand is ____ A Wellington B Auckland C Christchurch D Dunedin 5.New Zealand’s nearest large neighbor is ____ A Tonga B Fiji C Australia D Argentina 6.In April 2006, New Zealand became the first country to declare ____ as an official language. A English B Maori C sign language D Polynesian language 7.Which one of the following is the most common religion? A Christianity B Roman Catholic C Methodist D Anglican 8. Which country is the first one in the world to give women the right to vote? A America B Sweden C Australia D New Zealand Ⅱ.Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F): 1. Maori people today resist adopting western life. ( ) 2. The North Island has been formed mostly by active volcanoes. ( ) 3. There are no nuclear power plants or weapons in New Zealand. ( ) 4. Because of the gold boom, people in the North Island have been more than in the South since 1896. ( ) 5. Wellington is the world’s largest Polynesian city. ( ) Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks: 1. New Zealand is in the _________________________________ 2. The two main land masses in the country are _________________ and ___________________ 3. The first piece of environmental legislation ---_________________came into effect in 1991, in which ________________________ is reflected. 4. New Zealand was settled over 1000 years ago by _________ from __________________ . 5. In 1840, Maori chiefs signed the ______________________ to keep their ownership of the natural, and in return, to give up the right to govern to the __________________ . 6. The national bird of NZ is _________________. 7. In 1769, ________________ visited New Zealand and claimed it for Britain, U2 Political System, Education and Economy Ⅰ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1.The two main parties in the House of Representatives are______ A the Progressive Party and the Labor Party B the Labor Party and the National Party C the Green Party and the NZ First Party D the United Future NZ Party and the National Party 2.The Head of State of New Zealand is______
英美文化部分名词解释
The Cold War （冷战） By the end of WWⅡ, the United States, which had not suffered as much as other allied countries, because the strongest country in the world. As the possessor of atomic tombs and much of the world’s gold reserve and industrial production in its hand, the policy-makers of the US wanted a world order dominated by the US, a world market free and open to American goods and services. In pursuing this goal, the US encountered determined resistance from the Soviet Union. Gradually the two wartime allies fell apart and the Cold War began. Mrs. Thatcher （撤切尔主义） Thatcherism referred to the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister in England in 1979. The main contents of her policies included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order. To some extent her program was successful and she led one of the most remarkable periods in the British economy. Service industries （服务业） They are industries that sell a service rather than make a product，which now dominate the economy. Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. As more and more people are employed in service industries in the US, it is sometimes said the US has moved into a “post-industrial era”. Regionalism (地方主义) As pioneers settled new territories in the West, writers now focused on the differences between the various regions of the United States rather than on a single vision of the expanding country. Stock （股票） When starting or expanding business, corporations need to borrow money. They may issue stocks for people to buy. When people buy stock, they become part owner of the company. If the company makes a profit, they receive a share of it. Likewise, if the company loses money, the stockholders will not make a profit or the value of their shares will drop—they lose money. Therefore buying stock is a risk. Three Faiths in the US （三大信仰） By the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. In terms of numbers, the Protestants are the strongest, the Catholics are next to the Protestants and Jewish are the smallest among
英美文化
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1 Geography, People and Language 全名: theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain（大不列颠联合王国）and Northern Ireland（北爱尔兰）. 由成千上万的小岛组成（theBritish Isles）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain（大不列颠）and Ireland （爱尔兰） The River Thames (second longest and mostimportant), originates（起源于）in southwestern England -----North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh爱丁堡) importantriver:Clyde River kilts（苏克兰小短裙） Wales( Cardiff加迪夫，著名港口). The Severn River is thelongest river of Britain------flow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast贝尔法斯特，首府) LoughNeagh----the largest lake in the British Isles. Climate: temperate, with warm summers, cool wintersand plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛 Three major features: winter fog, rainy day,instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定London---Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅), St. Paul’s Cathedral（圣保罗大教堂）, The TowerBridge of London（伦敦塔桥） The majority of the population isdescendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe.大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人 Most people in Wales and Scotland aredescendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人 English belongs to the Indo-European familyof languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系 Germanic group: East Germanic, NorthGermanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。英语从西日耳曼语中发展。 1、Old English: was influenced by Old Norse spoken by the Vikings and was relatedto the German and Dutch languages.受古代维京人所说的古斯坎德纳威亚语影像并和德语法语密切相关.was ended with the Norman Conquest, when the language was influenceby the French-speaking Normans.古英语时代结束于说法语的诺曼人的征服 2、Middle English: William the Conqueror invaded and conquered and the Anglo-Saxons(Numerous French words came into the English vocabulary)征服者威廉入侵并征服和盎格鲁-撒克逊人（大量的法语词汇进入英语词汇） 3、Modern English(15 century): William Caxton brought standardization to English, andspelling and grammar became fixed. The first dictionary published in 1604.Samuel Johnson: A Dictionary of the English Language was influential in astandard form of spelling.卡克斯顿威廉带来了标准化的英语，并成为固定的拼写和语法。第一本字典发表于1604。约翰逊塞缪尔：一本英文字典是有影响的一种标准形式的拼写。 Standard English is based on the speech of theupper class of southeastern England. It is also called “the Queen’sEnglish” or “BBC English”. A third of world’s population use English.标准英语是基于英国东南部的讲话的。它也被称为“女王的英语”或“英国广播公司英语”。三分之一的世界人口使用英语。
英美文化作业：英美文化差异(英文版)
英美文化作业：英美文化差 异(英文版) -标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
the differences of British and American culture The British are, in some ways, less conservative than Americans - the drinking age is 18, not 21, homosexual civil unions are legal, and abortion hasn't been a serious political issue in years. Mixing religion and politics is extremely rare in the UK. On the other hand, there are stricter controls on some things - it's much harder to get a driving licence, and the age requirement is higher than in most states, there are speed cameras everwhere, CCTV cameras in many public places (although they may or may not be working), and carrying weapons or other objects for "self defence" is illegal (in particular, note that pepper spray is illegal). Getting into a debate about the right to bear arms will be very time consuming, and may also lead people to think that you're a gun-nut before they've got to know you properly. Smoking in enclosed public places is illegal that includes pubs, the underground, train stations... more or less any non-residential building actually... (similar to New York, so not so much of a cultural difference there). The British apparently have a wider vocabulary of swear words than Americans. While most Britons will use them fairly freely in a social setting, things are a lot more reserved in formal settings & talking to strangers. I've not yet encountered an American "pub" which bears more than a passing resemblance to a typical British pub. People might go to a pub just to drink and socialise, have a pub lunch, or as part of an attempt to get alchohol poisioning (otherwise know as a "pub crawl"), as well as to watch sporting fixtures (which seems to be the main purpose in America). Going to the pub does not usually imply getting drunk. Although the drinking age is 18, bartenders are supposed to ID anyone who looks under 21. Though I doubt your friend will do much driving, he should be aware of the following things: Most cars in the UK have manual transmission. Cars are smaller and more efficient, petrol is more expensive. Speed limits are higher, but enforced more rigourously. Driving in London is not worth it. Central London has a congestion
《英美文化》教学大纲
《英语演讲》教学大纲 课程编号：课程类型： 课程名称：英语演讲英文名称：Public Speaking in English 学分：适用专业： 第一部分大纲说明 一、课程的性质、目的和任务 本课程向学生传授英语演讲的基本知识和演讲稿撰写技巧，通过对著名经典演讲词的学习鉴赏，了解英语演讲的目的、功能和修辞手段，通过对现代名人演讲词的赏析，了解当代演讲词的结构、风格和修辞特征；通过学习赏析和演讲实践，提高学生撰写演讲稿和进行即兴演讲的能力。目的是为了让学生了解英语演讲技巧及其发展的历史；从理论上与实践上提高学生在公共场合的英语演讲能力，使他们能够富有逻辑地、说服力地、艺术性地、策略性地、感人地、幽默地、流利地表达自己的观点，成功地说服听众；训练提高学生的语言表现力，为后期的口译课程打下基础；学会演讲稿的写作方法；学会利用现代技术进行演讲；通过分析中外名家的演讲，让学生了解演讲中的中西文化差异。 二、课程的基本要求 1.知识要求： 了解：通过本课程学习，初步掌握英语正式演讲和即兴口头演讲的基本知识。 熟悉：经典和功能性演讲材料，欧美英语文化特色，中西文化差异及其产生的根源。 掌握：正式演讲和即兴演讲的基本要求。 2.能力要求： 简单运用：进一步提高学生组织思想和口头表达能力。 熟练运用：凭借个人现有的英语基础，通过本课程实践，提高进行得体的功能性即兴演讲的能力。 三、本课程与相关课程的联系 作为一门英语基础课程，学生在学习本课程前需具备一定的语言基础和较好的阅读理解能力。因此，参加本课程学习的学生学习过《基础英语》、《高级英语》、《英语语法学》《英语视听》和《英美文化》等课程，其后续课程主要有：《英语口译》等。