2017年宁波中考作文讲解 (2)

宁波市英语中考作文讲解

--------江东校区英语张定蓉

一、写作注意事项：结构+要点+逻辑+语法+亮点

1、结构

中考最流行的结构就是三段式，观点----要点----总结

第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过2句话。

第二段：分2-3点说明什么

第三段：经过第二段的论述，可以得出结论，但要注意不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华，也可以提出希望、建议。

2、要点

实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字“翻译”，因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要点必须在文章中有所体现。文章写得再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点，也就是文章的第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心。

3、逻辑

实际上就是逻辑词，最常用的就是表示递进的，转折的，总结的逻辑词。

递进：first, second, third, finally等，还可以使用高级点的如：first of all, in addition, what’s more, moreover, in a word, all in all. 转折：but, yet, however等，有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了整个文章的思路。

4、语法

其他几点都不是硬性的要求，不那样做不能说是错，只能说好与不好，但语法是硬性的。

如单词的使用，时态。

5、亮点

前八个字都做到很完美的时候只能得到一个二等文，要想得到一等文，最后两个字“亮点”至关重要。设想是阅卷老师，两篇写人美丽的作品摆在我们面前，都是结构清晰的三段式，要点都很全，都用了一些逻辑词，都没有语法错误，但是A篇只用beautiful, good-looking. B篇却用了attractive, charming, catching one’s sight. 正常人都会给B篇高分，这些高级的词汇、句型就是我们得到好作文的绝招。所以写作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。

二、训练方法

1、记。认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。

2、练。每练一篇书面表达，都要自己学到一点东西，平时可以采用循序渐进，灵活多样的

练习方式，从根据提示词写单句、翻译句子到写几句话，最后写到流利的文章。

3、写。进行实践写作。

三、应试策略

1、审题目，要切中题意

认真审题，看到考题后，先不要着急动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在头脑中构思一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲的资料和信息审题。

2、图要点

防止要点遗漏，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出

3、列提纲

为写作文做好准备，根据文章要点，短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。

4、定基调

定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾等

5、写全文

四、实践准备

1、常用的过渡词和连接词：first，second, third, finally ,in addition, furthermore, besides, what’s

worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, since, now that, therefore, consequently, in that case, as a result/consequence, in conclusion, to sum up, in a word, in my view.

2、万能句式

? the+ est+名+主词+have +ever+ v-ed

Helen in the most charming girl that I have ever seen.

Mr. Chang in the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

? nothing is + more+ adj. +than to + V

Nothing is more important than to receive education.

Nothing is more enjoyable than to listen to Mozard.

?cannot emphasize the importance of + n +too much

We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

We cannot emphasize the importance of receiving education too much.

?there is + no+名+ that….

There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

There is no doubt that our educational system needs to be improved.

?it is universally acknowledged that….

It is universally acknowledged that trees are necessary to us.

It is widely known that trees are necessary to us.

?with the development of (引起话题的事情), there are heated discussions on the topic.

? many ways can contribute to (解决问题)，but I think the following may be the effective ones. First of all,…….. Besides, …… Last but not least,…..

?there are not the only ways we can do about (引起话题的事情), whatever we do, we must make a start right now.

五、实践

1、提纲类作文

固定句式：recently we had a heated discussion about whether….. different students hold different opinions(people’s ideas vary from person to person). 40% of the students are in favor of it. Here are the reasons (the reasons are as follows/ the following are the reasons); however, some are strongly against the opinion. In the first place, ……what’s more……personally speaking…….

Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception

(2)真题回顾

随着手机使用的日益广泛，“作业帮”等手机运用软件的出现，现在，手机又有了新的

用途---随时查找作业的答案

部分学生认为：有时作业太多、太难，不得不向手机求援。

自己的观点：抄写答案不能提高学生的学习能力，只能阻止学生思考。

恰当运用网络，不依赖网络。

【解析】1、主题和要点：本文的主题是就“利用手机做作业”这一现象谈谈部分学生和自己的观点。文章主要从两个方面进行写作：（1）部分学生对“利用手机做作业”

的看法；（2）自己对“利用手机做作业”的看法。

2、时态：一般现在时人称：第一、三人称

（3）写作模板

段首句：….now have a new use for the Internet --- use mobile phones to find out …. But different people hold different ideas about….. (描述现象，引出话题)

中间句：some students think that they have so…that they don’t have….. And some of the …. Are too hard for them to ….So they have to use ….. to find out ….(介绍部分学生的看法)

I think ….can’t improve ….., In my opinion, we can …. And can’t depend on it(介绍自己的看法)

结尾句: Studying online can be a way to….., but the best way is ….(简要总结，表面如何正确对待网上学习问题)

（3）问题解决类（提出生活中的某一问题，要求考生根据要点提示给出合理的解决方式）①真题回顾

同学们，你们生活中有烦恼，学习有压力吗？那我们应该如何正确面对烦恼，有效缓解心理压力呢？请根据以“How to solve our stress”为题写一篇80词左右的短文。开头已给出，不计入总词数，提示词必须用完。

提示：1.积极参加体育锻炼，有一个健康的身体；

2. 多与老师、家长和朋友交谈，说出自己的烦恼；

3. 多听听音乐，多看看书

4.尽自己最大的努力学习，勇敢面对自己的成绩

5.如果经常压力太大，可以去看看医生

【解析】主题和要点：本文的主题是如何解决我们的压力问题。文章主要从五个方面进行写作：体育锻炼；与人交谈，倾诉烦恼；听音乐看书，放松心情；努力学习，面对现实；压力过大，看医生；时态：一般现在时，人称为第一人称

②写作模板

段首句：we all have some problems and stress in..(描述现象，引出话题)

中间句：Firstly, we should .....can help us to... Secondly, we need to... Thirdly, we can also... It’s a good way to... Fourthly, we should try our best to...（具体介绍解决压力问题的建议）

结尾句：if we have too much stress,we’d better ....(针对严重的情况。提出建议)

（4）主题阐述类（针对社会生活中的某一现象进行必要的提示，要求考生根据提示紧紧围绕主题进行写作。常见话题有保护环境、助人为乐、保持健康、文明礼仪等）

①真题回顾

为了进一步增强中学生的安全意识，提高自我保护能力，某校开展了以“安全”为主题的演讲比赛。请你根据以下要点提示写一篇演讲稿。

提示：慎重交友；遇险报警；安全饮食；其他（1-2点）

【解析】主题和要点：本文的主题是就“如何保持安全”这一话题，根据图片内容进行阐述。文章有四个要点：慎重交友，遇险报警，安全饮食和自己的观点。时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。

②写作模板

段首句：...here are some of my suggestions.（提出建议）

中间句：first, we should be... When we...（慎重交友）second, if we are...we must..（遇险报警）also, we ought to ...（安全饮食）last, we must remember....（个人观点）

结尾句：in short...（简要总结）

（5）事实讲述类（针对某一事实设计考题，要求对考生对题目中的事实进行描写）

①真题回顾

假如你即将在学校英语兴趣小组的活动中发言，请你用英语写一篇发言稿。

提示：1.几个月前，奶奶晚饭后去跳广场舞

2.从那时起，奶奶喜欢上了广场舞

3.现在，奶奶比以前健康了，有了很多朋友

4.有些邻居有意见，认为音乐很吵，无法入睡

5.你认为人们可以跳广场舞，但...

【解析】主题和要点：本文的主题是介绍奶奶跳广场舞的情况。文章主要从三个方面进行写作：奶奶跳舞的情况；邻居的看法；自己的观点。时态：介绍奶奶几个月前的情况用一般过

去时；介绍邻居的看法和自己的观点用一般现在时。人称：第一、三人称

②写作模板

段首句：I’m very happy to speak here and I’d like to talk about..（引出需要谈论的内容）

中间句：a few months ago, my grandma went to .. Since then, she has been in love with...now, she is much ...than before. What’s more,she has a lot of ...（介绍奶奶跳广场舞的情况）

Some neighbors have a complaint against... They think that the music is so...that they can’t...（介绍一些邻居的看法）

结尾句：in my view, people can... Because it is a good way to... They should think about... And they shouldn’t..（自己的观点）

2、书信类

投诉信的开头和结尾常用句式

I am writing to inform you that I am dissatisfied with your …

I understand you will give immediate attention to this matter.

I would like to have this matter settled by the end of …

询问信的开头和结尾常用句式

I would be most grateful if you could send me information regarding/concerning …

I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding …

Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

请求信的开头和结尾常用句式

I am writing to seek for your assistance in …

I would like to thank you for your generous help in this matter.

道歉信的开头和结尾常用句式

I am writing to apologize for …I am writing to say sorry for …

I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.

感谢信的开头和结尾常用句式

I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for …

I must thank you again for your generous help.

介绍类（从人物、事物和地点等方面设计试题，要求考生利用书信的形式对试题中的人物、事物、地方进行介绍）

①真题回顾

假如你是李华，你写电子邮件给外国朋友Tom介绍中国春节的情况。电子邮件包括以下内

容：春节是中国最重要的节日；春节一般在一月或二月；除夕夜，家庭成员聚在一起吃年夜饭；年夜饭过后，人们通常会看春节联欢晚会；晚上，我们会放鞭炮；春节期间，爷爷奶奶、父母等长辈会给我们发红包

【解析】主题和要点：本文的主题是介绍有关中国春节的情况。文章从三个方面介绍有关中国春节的情况。时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。

②写作模板

段首句：let me tell you something about...（提出春节的话题，引出下文）

中间句：it is the most ...festival in China. It is always in...（春节的重要性和时间）On the eve of the Spring Festival ...got together and then ...people like to ...we like to ...at night. During the Spring Festival, we get... From...（详细介绍春节期间人们的活动）

结尾句：we always have a ...time. Welcome to...（简要总结，对朋友表示欢迎）

3、图表图画类

首段的写作

图表作文有表格(table)、柱形图(bar chart)、饼状图(pie chart)和折线图(diagram)

From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004.

From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state?owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period.

第二段的写作

主观：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.

I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.

In my mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows.

主观之变体(使用插入语，突显主语)：Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon.

Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon.

Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon.

主观之变体(使用插入语)：Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this phenomenon.

客观：Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.

（1）数据统计类（针对某一调查结果采用图表的形式来设计，考察考生对图表的观察能力、

分析能力）

①真题回顾

请根据以下交通事故因素（factors）统计图表，以“Major causes of traffic accidents”为题，用英语写一篇简短的分析报告，向学校英语报投稿。

注意：

1. 报告需逐条陈述下面pie chart 和bar chart (柱状图) 中呈现的主要内容。（至少5 点）

2. 提出你对交通安全总的看法。（至少2 点）

3. 词数：100 词左右，所给标题不计入总词数。

【解析】主题和要点：本文的主题是介绍交通事故产生的主要因素。文章主要从两个方面进行写作：一是描述pie chart 和bar chart中给出的信息，并指出交通事故产生的主要原因。二是对交通安全的看法。时态是一般现在时，人称为第三人称。

②写作模板

段首句：there are all kinds of traffic accidents reports....as a result,it’s important for us to analyze..（描述现象，引出话题）

中间句：according to the pie chart, there are mainly three factors:85%...10%..5%...another bar chart points that there are 4 reasons... Including... Which is...（介绍交通事故的主要因素）

结尾句：in my view.... I hope....（说明自己的观点）

六、宁波英语中考作文回顾与趋势

1、历年中考话题

2013年：“光盘行动”，提倡“节约型社会”，属于观点表达类

2014年，以书信体回忆去年和父亲一起爬山的难忘经历。属于记叙和书信结合考点。2015年，就俱乐部的英语学习做了一项调查，分析图表写一篇报告。属于图表类作文。2016年，以“狮子会”宣扬“传递爱心，服务他人”介绍好人事迹，表达自己的观点。2、写作话题趋势预测

交通问题

越来越多汽车进入我们的家庭生活，改善了我们的生活，但同时也带来了很多问题，如塞车和车祸，给家庭和社会带来极大的危害。例如，上个月，你的4名同学在上学的路上打闹玩耍，不小心被一辆小汽车撞了，他们被送到医院抢救，幸运的是他们伤得不重。作为中学生，我们应该怎样做呢？

请写一篇有关交通安全的短文(80字左右) 内容包含：

1.遵守交通规则，如走人行道/过斑马线。

2.别在街道上或马路上玩耍和踢球。

3.劝父母不能酒后驾车。(你可以适当增加内容，让短文通顺，过渡自然。)

参考词汇：sidewalk 人行道zebra-crossing 斑马线

注：第一段已给出，不计入总数

With more and more cars coming into our families, we are happy that it improves our life. But unluckily, it also brings many problems, such as heavy traffic and traffic accidents. For example, last month four students played on the way to school and they were hit by a car. They were sent to the hospital at once. Luckily, they were not hurt badly.

Traffic safety is everybody's business. We must obey the rules. For example, we must walk on the sidewalk. When we cross zebra –crossing, stop and look right and left, then go across fast. Don’t play football on the road. We can tell our parents not to drink before they drive, not to run through the red lights, not to talk and laugh while driving and so on.

In my opinion, whether we drive on the road or walk on the sidewalk. If everybody thinks traffic safety is everybody's business, we will be safer.

低头族

随着互联网的发展，智能手机（smart-phone）已被广泛使用，身边的“低头族phubbers”随处可见。请根据图中提示，结合表格所给的信息，以“Refuse to be phubbers”为题写一篇100词左右的文章。

要求：1. 短文须包含所有信息，语句通顺、意思连贯,可适当发挥；2. 题目与开头已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：1. 影响have effects on 2.面对面交流face-to-face conversations

3.正确使用make good use of

Refuse to Be Phubbers

With the development of the Internet, smart-phones are widely used among people. Phubbers can be(1) seen here and there.

Some family members( 2)play with their smart –phones while eating with families instead of talking with them. It (3)has effects on the relationship between them. Some people look at their smart-phones (4)while walking even riding or driving. It may (5)increase the danger of causing traffic accidents.( 6)Some children play with smart-phones before sleeping at night. It’s (7)bad for their health and study.

In fact, face-to-face conversations (8)are much more convenient and better than chatting on line

by phone. Mobile phones (9)are helpful and necessary tools for modern life. (10)But we should make good use of it to be “healthy”users rather than Phubbers.

雾霾

去年冬天，我国北京，天津等地多次出现雾霾天气，极大地影响了人们的健康与生活。假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Bill来信询问你家乡—天津的雾霾情况。请按下面要求写一封电子邮件：1.感谢他得关心; 2.介绍情况:(1)去年以来以发生数次雾霾天气(2)人们已认识到雾霾天气的危害，正采取各种举措减少其发生 3.你认为我们中学生为减少雾霾应该怎么做？要求80--100词

提示词语：occur(发生), ride a bike, wear mask(戴口罩), environment, suggest, reuse

★范文

Dear Bill,

I’m glad to receive your letter, thank you for caring for the weather and my health. Now I’d like to tell you something about the smog.

Last winter, the smog occurred a lot of times. It did harm to our daily life. Many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog weather. And more and more people had to go to see the doctor because the serious disease caused by the smog. Quite a lot of flights had to be put off. People had to stay at home or wore masks outdoors.

People have realized the harm of the smog and the importance of protecting the environment. The government has taken steps to reduce the smog weather. It suggests people go to work or school by bus and underground. At the same time, we should plant more trees.

As middle school students, we should go to school by bike or on foot, and don’t throw the waste everywhere. What’s more, we can tell the people we meet to protect the environment as possible as they can.

Yours,

保持健康生活习惯健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们是非常重要的。你认为健康的生活习惯应当是怎样的呢？请根据下面的信息提示，写一篇短文，首句已给出。

信息提示：健康饮食；早睡早起，不熬夜；参加运动，强身健体。

要求：根据信息提示，把握要点，适当发挥，不逐字翻译。字数在80词左右。

I think healthy habits are very important for us.

All of us want to be healthy. First, we should get enough sleep during the night. We can go to bed early and get up early. Staying up late is bad for our health. Second, we must have the right kinds of food. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat. We should drink a lot of water. We should have healthy eating habits. Third, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies. Finally, we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day. If we don’t feel well, we should go to see the doctor at once。

In a word, healthy habits are very important for us.

如何减压让生活更美好

许多学习生活中的烦恼都会使人产生压力，为了更好地发现及解决同学们中存在的心理压力问题，你们班特意开展了一次以"Less Pressure, Better Life"为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你准备发言稿，谈谈你的一些缓解压力的好办法，与同学分享，内容包括：

(1) 同学们中普遍存在的压力是什么；

(2) 我的压力是什么；

(3) 我是如何成功缓解我的压力的。

注意：文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。词数80~100。

Less Pressure, Better Life

Hello, boys and girls!

Pressure is a serious problem in today’s world. Students in our class are under too much pressure. Some students can’t get on well with their classmates, while others may worry about their exams.

I’m always under pressure, too. My parents want me to be the top student in class. So they send me to all kinds of after-classes at weekends. Last Monday evening, I had a talk with my mother. I told her I was not lazy. I really felt tired. I needed time to relax. My mother agreed with me at last. So I think a conversation with parents is necessary to solve the problem.

That’s all. Thank you!

幸福(感恩)

幸福是什么？幸福是父母为你营造的温馨的家，幸福是老师望向你的赞许的目光，幸福是孤独时朋友送来的一杯奶茶，幸福是……请以My happiness为话题，写一件曾经发生过的令你感到幸福的事情。

要求：条理清晰，语言流畅，用词准确，字迹工整，80-100词。

Happiness is important in our life. In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it。

I will never forget one thing. Once, I had a bad mark at a math test. I was shy and afraid to meet my parents. But when I got back home late, my parents knew what happened, they said to me: “It doesn’t matter, my child. Remember we’ll be always beside you when you need help. We believe you can be better next time. Never give up!”I was moved and made up my mind to work harder and harder.

I feel happy. Whenever I am in trouble, I can feel my parents’love. I want to be a good child for my parents.

节约用水

节约水是我们每个人的责任。我们知道，水对人类来说是非常的重要。没有水我们就不能生存。适合人类喝的水是越来越少了。但是有些人却不关心或不在意。日常生活中他们浪费很多水。更糟糕的是他们排放污水到河流里。他们还乱扔垃圾到河流理去。很多河流湖泊已经受到严重污染。人类必须采取一些措施来制止污染。只有这样，我们才过得幸福开心。如果我们不节约水，那么最后一滴水也许会是我们人类的眼泪

请以此为话题写一篇不少于80字的短文。

As we know, water is very important to man, we can’t live without water. The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less. But some people don’t care about it. They waste a lot of water in their daily life. Even worse, they pour dirty water into rivers. They throw rubbish into rivers, too. Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. Something must be done to stop the pollution. And I think it’s a great shame to waste while millions are in great need of water.

I think that we have to save every drop of water as possible as we can. For example, we must turn off the tap at once after we use it. We can use a basin to wash our hands and faces. It’s also a good idea to encourage my friends and family members to join me! Only in this way can we live happily. If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us.

I believe if everyone makes a little effort, we can make a big difference.

毕业感想

初中生活马上就要结束了，三年的初中生活一定给你留下了很多挥之不去的回忆。请你给大家讲一个最值得你回忆的故事。包括时间、人物、事情经过和事后你的感想(请不要写出真实的学校名称以及真实姓名)。

提示词语：three years, memories, one of, one day, think, happy/ sorry

How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month. I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you. I had so many memories in three years’life. One of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me. Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students. I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others.