大学法语四级考试解析

大学法语四级考试解析
大学法语四级考试解析

大学法语四级考试解析

自全国大学法语四级考试举办10余年以来,整体的考试从题型到难度都有所改变和加大。从《大学法语教学大纲》(第二版)的修改来看。把“培养学生具有一定的阅读能力,初步的听、写、说与笔译的能力,使学生能以法语为工具,获取所需的信息,并为进一步提高法语水平打下较好的基础”修订为:“培养学生具有一定的阅读能力,同时具有一定的听、写、说与译的能力,使学生能用法语交流简单的信息,提高文化素养并为进一步提高法语水平打下比较好的基础。”这里提出的“用法语交流简单的信息”和“提高文化素养”无疑对法语的教学要求提出了更高的要求,改变了只注意语言知识的教与学,而在不同程度上忽视语言实践的倾向。

大学法语四级考试就在这一基础上做了以下的调整:

1、加强了对听的能力的考查,加大了听力部分的比重:听力测试的时间由原来的15分钟增加到25分钟,分值由15分增至20分。原来的考试听力题均为客观题,现在增加了听写题,目的就是考查对语言的实际掌握能力。

听力理解这部分的内容包括3节:A节(Section A)有9题,每题包括一组对话,对话后有一个问句,每题一分。每个问句后约有15秒的间隙。对话为日常生活中的一般对话,句子结构和内容不太复杂。

比如说:

Madame: Monsieur le dircteur, j’ai besoin de conna?tre mon nombre d’heures et de journées de travail par semaine.

Monsieur: Eh bien, Madame, vous travaillerez le matin de 9 heures à midi, et de 2 heures à 5 heures l’après-midi. Vous vous reposerez le dimanche.

Question: Combien d’heures doit-elle travailler par semaine?

象这样的听力题目,可以说没有一个生词,但是此题的要求不仅是要听懂而是要彻底理解,还要有一定的记忆力,并且通过简单的计算得出正确答案。

B节和C节为题材熟悉、情节不太复杂、句子结构比较简单的故事,讲话或叙述等。对于短文听力来说回答问题并不是很难,在看好问题的基础上回答应该都是可以,即使没有每句都听懂的情况下,做出准确的回答也是有可能的。也就是说带着问题去听内容,抓住关键句子,听上短文的总体意思,不要为了个别的生词,或者一些专有名词如人名、地名所卡住。至于主观的听写题目,其实是一篇文章填空题,当中有十个空,在听两遍的过程中将所听到的正确单词填到空格内,这项主要是考察辨音和拼写两方面。由于法语单词存在很多辅音字母不发音的情况,所以很多简单的单词平时看的时候没有一点问题,但是要写了可能就会出现不知道结尾是不是有一个字母“s”、“e”,词中会不会有一个不发音的“t”、“p”等,有的字母上是不是有音标以及有的辅音字母是否要双写,这些都是这项要注意的内容。另外要注意上下文的意思,由于法语中的清浊辅音比较难区分,所以对文章的意思一定要理解,以及特别要注意所填词的前后词,因为往往所填词会和这些词发生连音、连诵,从而使该词本身的发音有了很大改变,甚至听上去象另外一个单词。

以上三节的录音语速平均为每分钟90个单词,对话、文章和听写均读两遍。

2、从历年的四级考试证明,学生的法语阅读能力高于其它能力,因而调整后将阅读理解的考试时间由原来的30分钟减至25分钟,但分值没有减少,这一调整说明对阅读能力非但没有降低要求,反而提高了要求。这部分一共有3篇短文,总阅读量约600个单词。

题材广泛,可以包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常生活及科普知识等,但文中所涉及的背景知识应该都是能理解的。文章种类可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等,文章的语言难度适中,对一些难以猜测而影响理解的关键词,会用汉语加以注释。一般来说四级对词汇量的要求大约在2800个左右,比以往有所提高。其实这项对生词来说倒不是一个难点,由于和英语相似的原因,在阅读的时候很容易领会。但是里面有很多的固定搭配、词组和比听力文章难的一些从句会局限了对文章的理解。在关系代词频频出现的情况下要找到句子的主干,尤其对有些倒装结构要看清楚。此外在一些时态语态上也要加以注意,这些时态在句中的使用都会使句子本来的含义发生改变。总体来讲阅读文章的内容比较偏于实用和日常,所以有的文章也需要具有一定的知识面,对所读内容背景很熟悉的情况下也对理解有帮助。还有就是要具备一些基本的缩写常识,比如说:l’O.N.U.(联合国)等。在回答问题选项的时候有时会有这样的问题:

Laquelle de ces quatre phrases ne correspond pas au texte?

但这句话经常是肯定的,所以需要在答题的时候细心审题。

3、完型填空,这一部分共10题,考试时间为10分钟,分值10分。这项是考察对语言的运用能力,所以会是一篇题材熟悉、有较强逻辑关系,难度适中的短文(约170词)。这种题型最难的恐怕是在一句话里连续出现两个以上的空格,这样就提高了试题的难度。但这样的情况不多,而且即使出现也是逻辑关系相当清楚的情况下才可以。所要考查的范围基本和第四项语法词汇一致。

4、对语法结构与词汇也减少了考试时间并降低了分值:考试时间由原来的35分钟减少至30分钟,分值由原来的30分减至25分(选择题由20题减为17题,动词变位由10题减为8题)

A节的语法结构包罗万象:名词、冠词、介词、代词、形容词、动词、各种从句、强调式、动词的不定式、分词式、直接引语和间接引语等。

B节填适当的时态和语态

直陈式:现在时、复合过去时、未完成过去时、最近过去时、愈过去时、过去将来时、简单过去时、简单将来时、最近将来时、先将来时等。

命令式:一般只需要掌握现在时就可以了。

虚拟式:现在时和过去时,以现在时为主。

条件式:现在时和过去时都需要掌握。

分词式:现在分词,过去分词,以及经常考到的副动词。

这项考试内容都为单句,没有上下文的参考,所以一般会有时间状语的提示或者是时态语态上的固定搭配。

5、写作由原来的实际考试中的单一“分段提示写作”改变为:

—分段提示写作

—看图写话

—表格解释与评论

这一部分在05年以前一直是分段提示写作,而05年采用的是表格分析。所以以后作文题型应该以看图写话,表格分析为多。这一改革也未必就说明考试的难度加大。就分段写作而言,一般为三段,每段给出一句话或是短语作为开头,然后以此为基础继续写下去,也就是说这个开头往往就是这段话的中心,要按照这个思路写下去,这就局限了你的发挥。如果三段写完以后即使语法句法都正确,但是意思没有逻辑跑题了的话,也会扣掉很多分数。所以在写作时要考虑到每段的连贯性,并且90个字数的分配要合理,基本上每段要一致。而看图写话的自由发挥空间要大一点,以图为线索,适当的加以想象,跑题的可能性不大。表格解释与评论是针对所给出的表格做概述与分析。一定要抓住所给出的每个信息进行比较分析,紧扣表格的中心思想突出主要内容,对分析能力有一定要求。

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