动词与介词搭配

§4．4 动词词组

1．动词与表示根源和来源的介词连用（1）from

come from（起源于、出生于、来自），rise from（起源于），derive from（起源于），arise from（发生于、由…而产生），spring from（来自于、崛起于），emerge from （出现于），result from（产生于、起源于），stem from（发生于、滋长于），emanate from（流出于、出生于），grow from（由…而生），originate from（起源于），proceed from （发生于、由…发出），be derived from （临摹、出身于），be descended from（为…之后裔、系出……），copy from（抄录自），

translate from （翻译自），quote from （引用自），adapt from（改编自）。

a．I have risen from the ranks to a major．

b．Her money came from a rich uncle．c．Serious damage may arise from carelessness．

d．These spring from tiny seeds．

e．He is sprung from royal blood．他出身皇家。

f．Something has resulted from my efforts．

g．According to the Bible，we are all descended from Adam．

h．This picture is a copy from Raphael．i．Thousands of English words are derived from/derive from Latin．quote from the classics（引自古文），draw water from a well（从井里汲水），drink from a river（临河而饮），draw conclusions from the evi－deuce（由证据中取得结论）。

①originate（来自），当来源是事物时，用from或in皆可；当来源为人时，用from 或with皆可。

②come from有两个含义：一是表示“籍贯（出生于何处）”=come of；一是表示“来自何处”。其区别在于动词时态的不同。当表示“籍贯”时，动时用现在时，因籍贯是永远不变的。当表示“来自何处”时为叙述过去的事情，故用过去时或现在完成时。试比较：

a．Where do you come from？你籍贯何处？

（以现在时构成问句）

I come from Beijing．我是北京出生的。

b．Where did/have you come from？你来自何处？

I came/have come from Beijing．我从北京来。

（不一定是北京人）

（2）of

①ask（要求、请求、询问）

ask的对象为人时，可用ask sb．或 ask of sb．；ask sth．of sb．表示“请求某人做某事、或询问某人某事”。

a．May I ask a favour of you？

b．May I ask a question of you？

c．He asked his way of a hunter．

②beg（请求、要求）

a．He begged a favour of me．

b．He begged money of charitable people．

③inquire（询问、探询）

inquire的宾语为人时，不能直接接人，须接介词of再接人，成为inquire of sb．。如欲表示“询问某事”时，须用介词about：inquire of sb．about sth．，意为“询问某人某事”。inquire的宾语为地方时，接at：I'll inquire at the office and then tell you．我去办公室打听一下再告诉你。

a．I inquired of him the way to town．

b．He inquired of me the best way to go．

c．I inquired of him about the matter．d．She inquires of him about her younger brother's conduct．

④require（要求）

如仅表示“向某人要求”时，require后接of再接人，成“require of sb．”的形式。如欲表示“要求某人做某事、向某人要求某物”时，用require sth．of sb．句型。

a．I have done everything that was required of me．

b．What do you require of me？

c．She required an apology of me．她要我道歉。

⑤demand（要求）

demand必须加of再加被要求的人，demand of sb．表示“向某人要求”。demand sth．of sb．表示“向某人要求某物（做某事）”。试比较：

a．我要求他答复。

I demand him of an answer．

I demand an answer of him．

b．He demands too high a price of me．

⑥come of（出身、出自），be born of （出生）

a．He comes of ancient family．

b．She was born of good parents．她出身良家。

a）from与of皆可用以表示“起源、出处”，但何时用from，何时用of，须视动词而定。因此对于from和of所跟的动词必须加以区别熟记。

b）of，from皆可用以表示“种族、门第”，但何时用from，何时用of，亦决定于动词的不同。一般spring，be derived，be descended 接from，come，be born接of。

c）某些动词之后可接from或of，意义相同，但接from居多。此类动词大多表示“获得、期望”之意，如buy，borrow，hire，receive，learn，have（得到），expect，want等。

a．She learned her English of /from an American．

b．All these books may be had of/from any booksellers．

c．Everyone expected great things

of/from him．

d）come from表示“籍贯”或“来自何处”。come of则表示“出身、家庭”。试比较：

a．He comes from Tianjin．他籍贯是天津。

b．He came from beyond the seas yesterday．他昨天从海外来。

c．He comes of good family．他出身良家。

d．He came of a poor peasant family．他出身于贫穷农家。

（3）out of

ask out of（由…而发问），pick out of （由…挑选），write out of one's own head （创作），pay out of one's own pocket （自己出钱）。

a．He asked out of curiousity．

b．You will have to pay out of your own pocket．

2．动词和表示推断的介词连用

（1）from

judge from/by（由…判定、由…判断），conclude from（由…判定），infer from （由…推论、由…推断），deduce from（由…推论、由…推断），judge from/by

appearance（以貌取人），speak from experience （经验之谈），paint from nature（模仿自然作画、写生）。

a．Judging from what you say，he ought to succeed．

b．Judging from/by his appearance，he seems to be a man of good conduct．（2）by

judge by，know by（由…知），call by （据…而叫），tell by（由…知），recognize a person by the voice（依声音辨别某人）。

a．A man is usually judged by what he does．

b．He is called by the name of his father．

c．A man is known by the company he keeps．

观其所交，而知其人。

3．动词和表示比较的介词连用

（1）to

compare to（把…比作），liken to（与…相象），prefer…to（较喜欢…而不喜欢…），其中to为介词。

a．Life is compared to a voyage．人生好比航海。

b．Life is likened to an act of the stage．人生好比舞台上一幕戏。

c．I prefer death to dishonour．

d．I prefer working to doing nothing．（2）with

compare with（与…比较），contrast with （对照、对比），increase with（随…而增加），vary with（随…而变化）。

a．His English cannot compare with mine．

b．That will show a great increase compared with today．

c．I contrast this picture with that．d．You may contrast this book with another one．

e．An army's power increases with its size．

f．The size varies with the temperature．

4．动词和表示原因及动机的介词连用（1）from

suffer from（受…之苦），act from（由…而行动），die from被用做表示死亡之原因时，其含意是由于外界添加的刺激或影响而致死的，而不是出于本人自身的原因。常见

的还有：die from some unknowncause，die from a blow，die from fatigue，die from a wound，die from over- work，die from drinking too much wine，die from hunger，die from the memory of the world（为世人所忘），die from/of apoplexy，die from weakness，die from the effects of overexposure to the sun。

a．He suffers from a great loss in business．

b．He is now suffering from influenza．c．He acked from a sense of duty．责任感使他采取了行动。

d．The baby died from lack of care．e．He died from a blow．

f．The little child died from eating to excess．

g．She died from some unknown cause．（2）of

die of用于表死亡的原因时，最常用的是“因…疾病而死亡”，of在此用法中常用：die of a disease，die of（an）illness，die of sorrow/love，die of diphtheria，die of/from apoplexy，die of a decline，die of disappoint- ment，die of hunger，die of thirst，die of a broken heart，

die of/with grief，die of old age，die of exhaustion，die of a fall，die of fever （consumption，cold，smallpox，typhoid fever，congestion of the brain）。

a．He died of a heart attack．

b．She died of high fever．

（3）at

at常和表示情绪或感情的动词连用，如wonder，marvel，tremble，shudder，rejoice，cry，blush，weep，grieve，hesitate，laugh等。die at 亦表示死亡的原因，常用如下情形：die at the stake（焚

死、受火刑而死），die at one's post（殉职）。

a．People wonder at his learning．

b．They rejoiced at the news of his safe return．

c．She trembled at the sound of bursting．

d．He shuddered at the sight of blood．e．He hesitated at the difficulty．f．She always laughed at a good Joke．（4）for