大学英语六级阅读笔记整理
大学英语六级阅读笔记整理
阅读决定六级高分，秘诀是速度。
１、１５：００—１６：００writing
２、１６：００—１６：３５listening
３、１７：１５—１７：２０translation
４、１６：３５—１７：００Reading in depth
５、１７：００—１７：１５cloze
考前课后做３０篇，得１８０分阅读。
考前两周：三真二模，做完四本书
Square:不守信用的be there or be square
Husband:节约（n/v）date:枣
Thumb:大姆指forearm:前臂forefinger:食指foresee/foresay:预测
Undergraduate本科生（英）graduate研究生（英）；本科生（美）
Postgraduate研究生（英）；postwar
Contribute to 导致be responsible for 为...负责
Account for解释give rise to 滋生（犯罪/矛盾）的导致
Give birth to 导致lead to 导致cause导致breed孕育
Heart disease=heart attack心脏病obese(adj)=obesity(n)肥胖
Stoke中风; 泳姿cancer癌症diabetes糖尿病cardiovascular disease心血管疾病
二、阅读过程四步走
1、扫描题干，划出关键词。选项不要看，用时越短越好。
2、通读全文，抓住中心。
3、仔细审题，返回原文。关键：定位。
定位的三大原则：
（1）关键词定位原则：由题干出发，寻找题干中的关键词，首选大写字母、数字等，其次是表时间地点人物的词。
（2）自然段定位原则：出题顺序与文章段落顺序大体一致。
（3）出题点定位原则：答案一定蕴涵在有特殊标点符号、句式列举、强转折逻辑关系的地方。
4、重叠选项，斟酌答案。
（1）缩小范围的是答案。
（2）扩大范围的不是答案。
（3）原文和选项有交叉内容的不是答案。
（4）不相关的不能选。即，只要选项中有文章中未出现内容就错。注意，将文章中的每一个选项带回文章一一查对，不要凭印象猜测。
第一步
第一步是每位学生都要去做的，就是把15个单词通过后缀进行词性分类，但是通常我的习惯是遇到动词进行二次分类：确定时态，确定单三还是非单三；遇到名词确定单数还是复数；我一直认为单词不认识不应该成为学生放弃选词填空的原因，在做第一步之前我先把4级历年真题选词填空中出现频率最高的后缀全部列举出来：
名词后缀：tion/sion/ness/ment/er/or/ist/ism
形容词后缀：able/al/ant/ent/tive/sive/ous/less/ed/ing
动词后缀:ate/lize/ing/ed
副词后缀：ly/ward/wise
在历年真题中只要出现ly一定为副词，这是频率
好，我们开始分类：
名词单数：A) result结果M) respect（尊重）
可能的名词复数：F) issues B) involves
动词原形: O) specialize M) respect（尊重）
动词进行时：I) determining决定，确定N) prompting
动词过去式：J) limited限制L)complained抱怨E) relieved
可能的动词单三：B)involves F)issues
形容词：C) significant H)magnificent J) limited有限的
副词：G) seriously严肃的K) gravely
不能确定的：D)range
常用杂志：Economist(对), Guardian, Newsweek（对）, New York Times, Time（对）, USA Today 六级：照搬—议论文，主旨题在开头
仔细阅读题五大题型解法汇总
题型特征技巧
细节题三类关键词：
1显性关键词：大写、人名、地
名、数字、年代、时间、连字
符单词等。
2实义动词（谓语动词除外）
3核心词或生词the legs of desk,
the key to the door 70%－80%都是细节题，有关键词，答案在文中的表层。
细节长句：有一个关键词可以明确定位，定位区域有一个长名。——必须要逐字翻译
1抓住句子中的谓语动词(动词先行原则)
2翻译从句（从句为后）3副词最后：主语+have+宾语+...+that(副词)
推论题1出现绝对词：
All(every不是), never, only,
absolutely, always,
exclusively(独有的，唯一的),
too, uniquely, solely
2出现文中没有出现的比较级
或最高级
3违背常理
4双重否定（考逻辑）
A出现两个否定词hardly,
scarcely, rarely,seldom,never
B一定否定词+否定前后缀it is 15%是推论题
做推论题时：区域推论（有夹逼法）；错误选项的特征
推论长句：最主要读懂语句意思，从句不用管
Result in/from, lead to, contribute to等因果选项出现在选项中一般都是错误的。
Or+单词：或者
+句子：否则
never unlike不像
C只有一个否定词，如：(1)A man can never have too many ties.一个男人有再多领带也不为过。
Too...to..."太坏..."
5转折关系：让步从句Although...(必在主句前) Though...
While...虽然；...while...而Young as I am...
Simple as the graphics...
例：Although I am young.
Young as I am.
重心为逗点后
猜词题
“......”和
“LineXX,ParagraphXX”
A mixed blessing(喜忧参半的事)
A necessary evil(很讨厌但又不得不去做的事)
A narrow escape(九死一生) An open book账本（众人皆知的秘密）
A snap decision(仓促的决定) 转折关系：让步从句
Although...(必在主句前)
Though...
While...虽然；...while...而
Young as I am...
Simple as the graphics...
例：Although I am young.
Young as I am.
重心为逗点后
1确定猜词位置
2寻找前本后三句逻辑关系
3指代关系：such/it/that/this-
前面指代内容代入；
转折关系：
but/however/yet/still;
并列关系:and/or
4根据上下文理解
态度题（没出过—新趋势）attitude 段落态度
篇章态度
话题态度
常见态度词汇：
积极：positive/active;
supportive/approving;
optimistic/enthusiastic;
concerned/honour;
Pleasant/sympathetic
消极：negative/doubtful;
suspicious/critical;
pessimistic/scornful;
disappointed/ironic
中立：neutral/objective
Impersonal(不受个人情感影响
的，客观的)/impartial(公正的，
不偏不倚的)
必错：
确定态度对象——阅读文
章首段
1对象出现—即为篇章态度
题（根据文章末段判断态
度）
2对象未出现—话题态度
（根据话题最后一次出现
的段落判断态度）—只需判
断好好、坏、中立态度即可
indifferent/depressed/biased(prej udice)
主旨题1出题型式：main idea/central
idea/mainly talk about/the best
title/the appropriate title/the
writing purpose
2出题位置：开头（99.9%）结
尾（0.1%）
3解题特点：文首为主要信息
解题顺序：文首
（如果首段长，读前三句，首
段短，就全读）—进项—文尾
（看最后一段结尾）Main idea/best title/the writing purpose
快速阅读仔细阅读简答题分值10% 20% 5%
出题型式判断+填空；
选择+填空选择：具体详见上方
表格具体解析
填空+简答：
段落主旨题
做题流程1读5个题目，判断
题型确定关键词;
2如果定位明确，就
使用本句后句原则，3
如果定位不明确，通
过依次而下以及出题
顺序确定出题区域;
4只有区域宽泛时才
能使用出题原则。
题型特点1一段一题
2细节题为主
3多关键词定位（因
为要看一题找一题）
—有助于快速找到出题原则：
一、特殊标点符号：
冒号、破折号、括号
（注：区域明确时冒
号无作用）
二、强对比（转折）
Unfortunately, by
contrast, on the
contrary, instead,
but ,however, yet,
still,instead,in
contrary to
1、如同一段中出现
多处引号，则说明三
个引号原本为一整
体，其中必有一处是
作者需要强调的重
1判断问答题答案类
型—读题寻找关键词
定位:
how/when/where/whic
h/who+词或词组
When+时间状语
where+地点状语
Which+名词，who+
人
Why+句子
What
comment/suggestion/c
onclusion/happen+句
子，发生什么事
What+充当主语或宾
语+词
答案：问答题时，无
点。（可以利用转折、强对比词判断重心位置）
2、Yes或No出现在文章中时，它所引导的句子与前面的部分关系紧密。Yes表示解释说明，相当于存折号；No表示转折，相当于but.（如果文章中出现Yes或者No,答案就在其后；对立选项答案就在其中；of结构重心在前方。）
三、列举（对应中国排比少一句）
On the one hand...on the other hand...
For one thing...,for the other thing...
首先...其次...最终... 从句排
比...that...,that...,that... 论是句子还是词，所有答案都是大写+句号。
2确定题干关键词，文章定位，只要带from,有“由于、来自于”的意思，都不能出现在文章中表因果关系，如：generate/stem/derive/o riginate from
3判断所填的性质（看词性是什么）注：简单题没有本句后句的概念（从这一题的定位一直读到下一题之前），简答题4正确填写：
避免缩写；besides, apart from, in addition to(包括以上六个大陷阱)
主旨题做法１先看文章大标题，
２大标题读不懂时再
看第一个小标题前的
总述部分
３如果文章连小标题
都没有，就读文章前
两段
４一般第一段是背景
介绍，第二段是主旨
介绍
判断题做法快速阅读一段对应一
题
1一般考四个判断，
约有一个NG
2连续未提到相关信
息，就是NG
3NG不占段
4T/F：agree with是指
信息、完全一致或信
息保持同一方向。仔细阅读一句对应一题
N/F：contradict文中
信息与题干信息。
注：完全相反或句子
主体一致，但是状语
有出入
5常识题不按常识
做，依然按关键词定
位。
符合常识的选项只能
是不错（Y或NG）
不符合常识的选项只
能是不对（N或NG）填空题做法逻辑正确——答案一
般情况出自原文，
语法正确——答案遵
循语法书写规范。
陷阱：
1人称代词的转换：
通常把第二人称转换
为第三人称。（上次考
过）
2to+介词+n/v-ing（必
考）
3名词单复数的转换
（n与人称代词保持
一致）
4做填空题时，必须
保证每部分都与文中
一致
5双重否定（考逻辑）
A出现两个否定词
hardly, scarcely,
rarely,seldom,never
B一定否定词+否定
前后缀it is never
unlike不像
C只有一个否定词，
如：(1)A man can
never have too many
ties.一个男人有再多
领带也不为过。
Too...to..."太坏..."
6be+n/adj./done/doing
(永远不考进行时态)
取决于中文翻译：是什么+名词；怎么样+形容词；两者都说不通+done(被动语态) 注：在阅读中，有两种句型不用读，即问句和比喻句。
7性质转变：As...as..., the same...as..., be comparable to..., be similar to..., be compared to...前后形式、性质一致。
8_____and_____(并
列句子)
A并列B，My father is doctor and mother a teacher.
A递进B，I got up and brushed teeth.
注：如果填空时多少填词若不改变整个句子意思，可以算对。9选最直接的原因和最直接的结果。
在区域中，and连接两个句子，不管并列或递进就选前面最直接的原因。（选前者）10考查to作介词的短语：
Commit/develope oneself to 将...贡献于...
Owe/contribute...to...将...归于... Contribute to/ lead to/ give rise to/ give birth to导致
Look forward to期待Turn to求助于
注意事项1没有本句后句的区
域概念语言点：双重否定，
引号使用，“虽然...”
1不用缩写
2不知道名词单复
2注意判断题的练习（每个6-7篇）的词
区分推论性长句（只
理解主句）和细节性
长句（每个单词都需
要理解）
数，就用动名词
be+n/adj./done/doing(
永远不考进行时态)
取决于中文翻译：是
什么+名词；怎么样+
形容词；两者都说不
通+done(被动语态)
注：在阅读中，有两
种句型不用读，即问
句和比喻句。
（每个6-7篇）
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最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.360docs.net/doc/0913842976.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） Unit 10 Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向……透露) the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants,
【考研英语辅导班】如何完成考研英语阅读笔记
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②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四，重叠选项，得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文) 1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。 2.做题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。 阅读理解解题技巧 1. 词汇题：“搜索代入”法 ①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性。 ③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适。 ④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案。 注意： a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。 d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。 ▲隐蔽型词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。 2. 指代题： ①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
2015大学英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案
大学英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案 第一篇 A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctors conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in analyzing the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this year’s epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed. “It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review,” said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. “We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many ways.” He said. In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions—generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations—have made it hard to interpret results. Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators（呼吸器）to help patients breathe, is the mainstay（主要支持）of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties. Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. “There is a lack of shared information,” Dr. Mardel said, noting that a lot of data have not been published. The panel also agreed on guidelines that would allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The world Health Organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations. 1. Guidelines recommended by the scientific panel can be used for _____. A. gathering potentially useful information about various therapies collected B. conducting clinical studies of SARS patients C. determining treatment for SARS D. publishing all the information about SARS
考研达人英语读书笔记
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大学英语六级阅读理解及答案
Reading Comprehension for CET 6 Passage 1 In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia,one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train.One of the looters,Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan,suddenly notices the camera and snatches it.Am I in this?he asks,before smashing it open.To the dismayed reporter,Lawrence explains,He thinks these things will steal his virtue.He thinks you're a kind of thief. As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands,stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic.The ignorant natives may have had a point.When photography first became available,scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.Up into the 1950s and 1960s,many ethnographers sought pure pictures of primitive cultures,routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress.They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties,often with little regard for veracity.Edward Curtis,the legendary photographer of North American Indians,for example,got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation. These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated,primitive,and unchanging.For instance,National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures.As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic,the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white,middle-class American conventions.While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops,for example,white women's breasts are taboo.Photos that could unsettle or disturb,such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine,are discarded in favor of those that reassure,to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only kindly visions of foreign societies.The result,Lutz and Collins say,is the depiction of an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict. Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot.She read the magazine as a child,and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career.She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures,they should be alert to the choice of composition and images. 1.The main idea of the passage is______________. [A]Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values. [B]There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples. [C]Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales. [D]Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures,compromising the truthfulness of their pictures. 2.We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often_________. [A]took pictures with the natives [B]gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands
新东方考研英语阅读笔记
新东方考研英语辅导笔记 阅读理解部分 一、阅读文章 1．来源：西方的报刊杂志 2．文体：议论文，说明文，记叙文，应用文 3．历年考题：多为社会科学，自然科学，人文科学 4．大纲 5. 时间分配: 难度系数40%至50%,平均每篇17-18分钟,其中解题用10分钟(每题2分钟),把时间充分用到解题上,文章读出大概,题目仔细推敲 6． key word: ①Close reading, ②阅读四步走③48精读击破法 ① Close reading: 第一、精读要达到：首先，分析文章，对题目中的四个选项要做分析。正确的选项要做分析，错误的选项也要做分析。其次，把文章中的单词要背会、要全部熟悉掌握。长句子要摘取下来背诵，翻译。对于重点文章，有时需要背诵全文。 第二、如何精读48篇文章：首先是单词量；其次是难句；最后是解题思路。 第三、对于文章则可以多角度的读，题目也可以多角度的分析。 ②48精读击破法复习方式：以点代面，切忌题海战术！ 第一、精度的角度。首先是单词量；其次是对阅读中的长句、难句进行分析；最后要对题目进行分析。 第二、泛读的目的。第一是增强背景知识；第二是锻炼抓住文章中心的能力。 第三、建议要读以下三本杂志：Time, Newsweek, Economist. 二、阅读四步走：（宏观与微观的结合） 1.扫描题干,划出关键词(不要看选项) 结合题干，可以把握文章的脉络，以便有目的性的阅读文章。 2．通读全文，抓住中心（7、8分钟） 1) 通读全文。要点：①首段②其他各段的段首段尾句和转折处（各个题目往往出现正确答案，英文逻辑性强，重点放开头结尾 2) 抓住中心。阅读后，用一分半中时间思考①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？②文章中有无提到核心概念？③作者大致态度是什么？ 3．仔细审题返回原文（审题，题干中蕴含陷阱或不细心，影响答题方向） 定位原则：1) 通常是由题干出发，寻找关键信息。大写字母，地名，时间，数字等。 2) 自然段定位原则：出题顺序与行文的顺序是大体一致的。目的都是缩小范围。4．重叠选项，得出答案。重叠原文à即对照原文。必须要返回原文，对照选项，排除确定。
大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案
大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案》的内容，具体内容：下面是我给大家整理的，希望对大家有帮助。Laziness is a sin(罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had ... 下面是我给大家整理的，希望对大家有帮助。 Laziness is a sin(罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons rather than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or of having their idea stolen. These people who seem lazy may be ruined by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies (幻想) may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals of fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating rescheduling their day.
2011年6月大学英语六级阅读考试真题及答案_完美打印版
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios: It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far. Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations. 47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________. 48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________. 49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution. 50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________. 51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid __________. Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is