with的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2. with+宾语+副词。比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。 What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！
3. with+宾语+过去分词。比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4. with+宾语+现在分词。比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。 He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5. with+宾语+介词短语。比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。 The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6. with+宾语+动词不定式。比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
7. with+宾语+名词。比如： He died with his daughter yet a school-girl.他去逝时，女儿还是个小学生。 He lived a luxurious life, with his old father a beggar . 他过着奢侈的生活，而他的老父亲却沿街乞讨。(8)With so much work to do ,I can't go swimming with you.
(9)She stood at the door,with her back towards us.
(10)He entered the room,with his nose red with cold.
with复合结构与分词做状语有啥区别
[ 标签：with, 复合结构, 分词状语] Ciro Ferrara 2009-10-18 16:17 主要是分词形式与主语的关系
满意答案好评率：100%
with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。
一、 with结构的构成
它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下：
1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；
例句：He is used to sleeping with the windows open.
2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；
例句：She left the room with all the lights on.
3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；
例句：He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.
4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；
例句：With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday.
5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
例句：We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(现在分词表示主动动作，即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的) With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.(过去分词表示被动，with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系)
6. without+名词/代词+补语
例句：Possibly this person died withont anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.
He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him).
分词作状语的理解技巧可以肯定地说，分词的状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。历年的高考英语考题也说明，分词作状语的用法是所有分词用法中最常考的。因此，本文拟对分词作状语的用法作一小结和分析，同时归纳一些行之有效的做题方法和理解技巧，以帮助同学们掌握其用法。一、用作时间状语 1. 典型例句 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。 The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。 2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成： When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. After the work was finished, he went home.
3. 高考实例 When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷) A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 【分析】此题答案选C，分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。二、用作原因状语 1. 典型例句 Being very weak, she couldn't move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。 His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。 Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。 2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句，如上面三句也可转换成： As she was very weak, she couldn’t move. Because his car broken was down, he had to walk. Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London. 3. 高考实例 (1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷) A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face 【分析】答案选A。现在分词短语faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced
with so much trouble。 (2) ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建卷) A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed 【分析】答案选B。现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可转换成原因状语从句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network。三、用作条件状语 1. 典型例句 Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。 Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。 United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。 2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成： If you work hard, you will succeed. If we add them all up, we can find the answer. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. If we had been given more time, we could have done it better. 3. 高考实例 ______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (2003北京春) A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 【分析】答案选D。give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D。分词短语 Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺If he is given time。四、用作让步状语 1. 典型例句 Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。 Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。 2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成： Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 3. 高考实例 No matter how frequently ______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006广东卷) A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed 【分析】答案选A。现在分词短语performed在此相当于they are performed。
No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。五、用作伴随状语 1. 典型例句 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。 Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。 He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。 2. 理解技巧理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。 3. 高考实例(1) Don’t s it there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (2006湖北卷) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing (2) My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits. (2006安徽卷) A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought (3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing. (2006江苏卷) A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said (4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ____A___ that all children like these things. (2006全国卷) A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 【分析】以上四题答案分别为CBAA。六、用作方式状语 1. 典型例句 He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。 I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。 2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth的结构，如上面第一句也可换成： He earns a living by driving a truck. 注：近几年高考对分词用作方式状语的情形考得较少。七、用作结果状语 1. 典型例句He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。 He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。 It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。 2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句，如上面两句也可转换成： He fired and killed
one of the passers-by. He died and left his wife with five children. (from It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out. 3. 高考实例 (1) He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (2005广东卷) A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted 【分析】答案选A，此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
(2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____
a record US$ a barrel on April 4. (2005山东卷) A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 【分析】答案选B，此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US$ a barrel on April 4.
find的复合结构与with的复合结构有什么区别
[ 标签：find, 复合结构, with] ｝仅嗳①次、 2007-07-20 13:33
满意答案好评率：100%
with复合结构是学生学习英语时经常接触的句型，也是高考考查的热点。在高
三课本第六、第十单元的Reading部分中，出现了下面的句子。
There was an electric bell that did not work，with a card next to it bearing the name“ Dillingham Young”。（第十单元）
在这个句子中，with+名词+介词短语构成复合结构在句子中作状语。
Now we were on our feet with another 500 miles to go.（第六单元）在这个句子中，with+名词+to do构成复合结构在句子中作状语。
复合结构的构成
with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1）With+宾语+介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
He lay in bed with his head covered.
3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）
With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
4）with+宾语+todo（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义）
I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
5）with+宾语+形容词/副词
With John away，we've got more room.
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
复合结构的作用
with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。请阅读下面的句子。
1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语）2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语）
3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语）
4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴随状语）5）I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作原因状语）
6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作方式状语）
注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。
1）There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter）
2）It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.（作定语修饰a stretch of country）
1. find +宾语+现在分词
She found a wallet lying on the ground.
她发现一只钱包在地上。
If slaves were found living together secretly they were cruelly whipped. 如果奴隶们被发现私自同居，就会受到残酷鞭打。
For most of the day he can still be found working somewhere in the plant. 白天大部分时间人们还发现他在厂里某个地方工作。
He was heartened to find the people living better than ever before. 看到人民生活比过去任何时候都好，他由衷地感到高兴。
2. find +宾语+过去分词
He found the place much changed.
他发现这地方有了巨大的变化。
We found her quite recovered.
我们发现她已完全痊愈。
They found the street lined with people.
他们发现大街两侧都站着人。
Two of the windows were found broken.
发现有两扇玻璃窗被打破了。
Both doors were found locked.
发现两扇门都被锁上了。
3. find +（宾语）+形容词
She was found alone in the room.
发现她一个人在屋里。
He was found dead in the morning.
早上人们发现他已经死了。
I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn.
我发现习语和有用的短语很难学。
Have you found anything wrong in the article？
文章中你已经发现什么错误了吗？
Which do you find hardest，listening, speaking, reading or writing？你觉得听、说、读、写哪一方面最难？
4. find +宾语+副词
I”m so glad I found you in.
发现你在家我真高兴。
He hurried there, but found them all out.
他赶到那里，却发现大家都出去了。
How do find the dish？
你觉得这个菜怎么样？
When the enemy got to the village, they found nobody about.
当敌人进村时发现一个人都不在了。
5. find +宾语+介词短语
They found him already in the care of a doctor.
他们发现已经有一位大夫在照顾他了。
We have gone over the contract and found everything in order.
合同我们已经看过，感到没有问题。
An old worker was found in possession of the papers.
这些文件被发现保存在一位老工人手里。
6. find +宾语+名词
You will find it a difficult book.
你将发现这是一本难懂的书。
You will find it a delightful place to stay.
你会发现这是个令人愉快的地方。
We all find him a very sensible man.
我们都发现他是个很有头脑的人。
7. find +宾语+to be
This method was found to be practicable.
大家发现这方法很可行。
He measured the cloth and found it to be the exact size.
他量了一下布，发现大小正好合适。
I found him to be unassuming and easy to get along with.
我发现他没有架子，很好相处。
注：在find +宾语+to be…这一结构中，to be常可省略。
请简述英语中的独立主格结构并附上例句，谢谢啊。
[ 标签：独立主格, 结构, 例句] 高考乐Happy 2011-05-07 22:20
满意答案
一、独立主格结构的概念
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，
可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式
名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）
1. 名词(代词)+现在分词
Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．
黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式
在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
4. 名词(代词)+形容词
The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse．
特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。
Computers very small, we can use them widely.
电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。
5. 名词(代词)+副词
The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。
The lights off, we could not go on with the work.
灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。
6. 名词(代词)+名词
His first shot failure，he fired again．
他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。
7. 名词(代词) +介词短语
He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．
他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back．
每天下午，一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。
三、with，without 引导的独立主格结构
with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。（without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式）
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式）
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。（with+名词/代词+动词不定式）
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父亲在前，小孩在后走着。（with+名词/代词+副词）
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。（with+名词/代词+介词短语）
With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。（with+名词/代词+形容词）
在with (without) 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。
独立主格结构什么时候用
5 [ 标签：独立主格, 结构] 宁静致远 2008-06-21 16:35
独立主格结构应该在什么情况下用啊,最好有例句,谢谢
精华答案好评率：66%
独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：
1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：
T he girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。
3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如：
He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如：
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
什么是复合谓语（详细点）
50 [ 标签：复合谓语] 匿名 2011-03-22 18:44
满意答案好评率：100%
英语中系动词由三部分构成。一是be动词am,is,are,was,were二是感官动词如taste,smell,sound,look,fell.三是趋势动词,如appear,become,get,turn.复合谓语有两种形式,一是情态动词+不带to的动词不定式,如you should do your homework as soon as you can二是个别情态动词+不定式,如seem to do,ought to do.
继续追问：许多带复合宾语的句子在变成被动结构后,也是复合谓语吗由连系动词加表语构成，也是复合谓语吗由情态动词和连系动词构成的吗，也是复合谓语吗
补充回答：英语的复合谓语常用的几种形式，都是近年高考的热点，同时又是教材中的难点和同学们的易错题。本文就常用的几种形式作一浅析，以期对同学们复习和应考有所补益。
I.情态动词＋不定式
1.情态动词can,could,may,might,will,would,shall,should都可与不定式的一般式连用，意思是“可能” 、“许可”、“必须”等。如果要表示对现在或将来的推测时，情态动词的过去式与一般式在含义上并无多大区别，只是语气更为婉转。例如：
(1)--Could I borrow your dictionary我可以借用你的辞典吗
--Yes,of course you can.(NMET94-23)可以，当然可以。
(2)If there were no examination,we should have a much happier time at school.(NMET94-30)要是不考试，我们在学校就会玩得更开心些。
,may,must和不定式的完成式连用，表示对过去发生的行为或存在的状态进行想象和推测，含义是“ 可能已经”，“或许已经”，“一定”等。例如：
(3)Where is my penI must have lost it.(NMET92-35,SAM)我的钢笔在哪里我准是弄丢了。
(4)--Li Hua must have gone to Beijing.李华一定是去北京了。
－－No,he can't have gone saw him a minute ago.（’92江西省高考适应性试题）不，他不可能去北京，我刚才还看见过他呢。
,might,would,should,ought to,needn't和不定式的完成式连用，不仅可以表示对过去发生的行为或存在的状态进行想象和推测，而且还可以表示“本来可能”，“本来应该”完成而实际上并未完成的动作或状态与过去事实相反的假设，而needn't则表示本来不必实现而又完成了这样一种情况。例如：
(5)I told Sally how to get here,but I perhaps should havewritten it out for her.(NMET94-16)我告诉塞丽怎样去那儿，或许我本来应该给她写清楚。(6)Tom ought not to have told me your secret,but he meantnoherm.(MET93-15)汤姆本来不该把你的秘密告诉我，但是他没有恶意。
better,would rather和不定式连用，表示劝告或主观上做出选择，例如：(7)--Mum,I think I'm well enough to get back to school.妈，我想我已经恢复健康了，可以返回去上学了。
--Not really,my 'd better stay home for another day or two.(NMET93-38)你还没有真正康复呢，亲爱的，你最好是再在家里呆上一两天。
(8)--I'm what happened对不起，发生了什么事啦
--Well,I would rather not tell you.(SBII,p60)唔，我情愿不告诉你的好。 going to,be to,be about,be able to,be likely to,have to,happen to,seem to,appear to,u sed to,get to等结构和不定式连用的情况极为普遍，例如：(9)Is this the problem to be discussed at the meeting nextFriday（’92江西省高考预选及师范专科统招试题）这就是要在下周星期五的会上讨论的问题吗
(10)If city noises are not kept from infreasing,people will have to shout to be heard even a t the table 20 years from now.(MET92-31)如果不能制止市内噪音的增长，人们只好从现在起用二十年时间在会议桌边大声疾呼，以使人们听见他们的呼声。
Ⅳ.表示说话及心理状态的动词如
say,report,believe,suppose,think,know,consider等的被动结构后面常接
不定式，例如：
(11)I don't know the restaurant,but it's said to be quitea good
one.(NMET94-36)我不知道那家餐馆，但是据说它是满不错的一家餐馆。(12)Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first conputer.(NMET93-15)人们普遍认为是查尔斯·贝贝治发明了第一台计算机。
(13)The new secretary is supposed to report to the manageras soon as she arrives.(MET90-16)新来的秘书一到就应该向经理报到。
Ⅴ.许多主动语态带复合宾语的动词构成被动语态后，补足语为带to的不定式、分词或形容词等，这也是一种复合谓语形式。例如：
(14)John was made to wash the truck for a week as a punishment.(NMET91-28)约翰被迫洗一周卡车作为惩罚。
(15)The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.(NMET94-25)上一次有人看见那些遗失孩子在河边玩。
(16)When the time comes,the cocoons are torn open by the aunt nueses.(SBI,p225)到时候蚕茧就被保育蚁撕开。
Ⅵ.“不及物动词＋表语”结构其中主语常是事物名词，谓语用主动形式表示被动意义。表语用形容词，常见错误是用成副词。例如：
1.谓语是某些表示知觉或感觉的动词如
feel,sound,taste,smell,look,seem,appear等。
(17)--Do you like the material你喜欢那材料吗
feels very soft.(NMET94-27)（不用softly）喜欢，它摸起来很柔软。(18)These oranges taste good.(MET91-21)（不用well）这些橘柑味道鲜美。
2.表示从一种状态变为另一种状态的动词如
become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come,run等。
(19)--Can I join your club,Dad爸爸，我可以参加你们的俱乐部吗
with的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。 2. with+宾语+副词。比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。 What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！ 3. with+宾语+过去分词。比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。 4. with+宾语+现在分词。比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。 He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。 5. with+宾语+介词短语。比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。 The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。 6. with+宾语+动词不定式。比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。 7. with+宾语+名词。比如： He died with his daughter yet a school-girl.他去逝时，女儿还是个小学生。 He lived a luxurious life, with his old father a beggar . 他过着奢侈的生活，而他的老父亲却沿街乞讨。(8)With so much work to do ,I can't go swimming with you. (9)She stood at the door,with her back towards us. (10)He entered the room,with his nose red with cold. with复合结构与分词做状语有啥区别 [ 标签：with, 复合结构, 分词状语] Ciro Ferrara 2009-10-18 16:17 主要是分词形式与主语的关系 满意答案好评率：100%
高中英语独立主格结构、with的复合结构专项练习测试40题(有答案)
一、选择题 1、With time ____ by , they got to know each other better. A. passes B. passing C. passed D. to be passed 2、 the economic crisis getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people’s life. A. As B. With C. When D. If 3John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 4、With all flights___, they had to come by bus. A. had canceled B.canceled C.have been canceled D. having canceled 5、With a large number of people _______ camping, it has now become one of the most popular activities in the UK. A. take part in B. took part in C. taking part in D. to be taking part in 6、None of us had expected that the middle﹣aged engineer died with his design _________（） A．.to uncomplete B．.uncompleted C．uncompleting．D．.uncomplete 7、______，we managed to get out of the forest．（） A．The guide led the way B．The guide leading the way C．With the guide to lead the way D．Having led the way 8、Will all his work ,he could have a good rest. A.to do B.doing C.did D.done 9、 ______, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered 10、With the kind boy ________ the way, we found the park soon. A. leads B. to lead C. led D. leading 11、 She stood there, ______ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 12、 While watching television, __________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 13、The murderer was brought in, with his hands______ behind his back. A. be tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 14、 With a lot of difficult problem _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
5种基本句型和独立主格结构讲解
英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如： 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3）Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如： 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋V erb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例： 1) He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。 四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如： 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为： 1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如： 1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词） 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
with独立主格结构
with独立主格结构(即with复合结构) with独立主格结构是英语中一种重要的句法现象，在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点，因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知，with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃，虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。 现将with引导的独立主格结构总结如下。 一、句法结构 【结构一】 with ＋名词（代词）＋介词短语 例１ He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand． 他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。 【结构二】 with ＋名词（代词）＋形容词 例２ He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open． 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。 【结构三】with ＋名词（代词）＋副词 例３ With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year． 产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。 【结构四】 with ＋名词（代词）＋名词 例４ She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion． 她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。 【结构五】with ＋名词（代词）＋现在分词 例５ She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her． 她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。 【结构六】with ＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
独立主格结构练习题及解析
独立主格结构练习题及解析 1. I have a lot of books, half of ___ novels. A. which B. that C. whom D. them 2. __ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing thedanger of dying out. A. because B. as C. With D. Since 3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of __ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they hadbought there. A. them B. who C. whom D. which 4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silverpennies, all of ___ over 600 years old. A. which B. that C. them
D. it 5. The cave __ very dark, he lit some candles ___ light. A. was; given B. was; to give C. being; given D. being; to give 6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand __ a gun and his face ____ with sweat.A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering 7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair ___ . A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze 8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ___ parents seated together joking.
独立主格with用法小全
独立主格篇 独立主格，首先它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”。在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。除名词/代词+名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词及介词短语外，另有with或without短语可做独立主格，其中with可省略而without不可以。*注：独立主格结构一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 一、独立主格结构： 1. 名词/代词+形容词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky. 靠近岸时，我看见几汪深池塘，池水碧似蓝天。 2. 名词/代词+现在分词 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.
The question having been settled, we wound up the meeting. 也可以The question settled, we wound up the meeting. 但含义稍有差异。前者强调了动作的先后。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 3. 名词/代词+过去分词 The job finished, we went home. More time given, we should have done the job much better. *当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，不及物动词用现在分词，及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hands clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那儿，牙关紧闭，双拳紧握，两眼直视上方。 4. 名词/代词+不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.
独立主格结构图表解析
独立主格结构 一、概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 二、独立主格的特点
1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。 2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。 三、独立主格结构的用法。 一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常 作原因状语，有时做条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. 由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。 2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就 是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在 动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作 时逻辑主语发出的动作。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，每个人就像在干两个人的活。 The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. 总督思考这个问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 在向导的带领下，我们轻松地走出了森林。 3.过去分词形式的独立主格 过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主 语与动词之间为动宾关系，它是分词的动作承受者，这一结构在句中作 时间状语，原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 This done, we went home.做完这个，我们就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄用完后，我们都开始找工作。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance. 如果给予更多的时间和金钱，我们能提前完成这个工作。 五、其他形式的独立主格结构
With 引导的独立主格结构
教学参考：With引导的独立主格结构 https://www.360docs.net/doc/094009796.html, 2005/03/14 09:41 英语辅导报 with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象，在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年 来也一直是命题的热点、重点，因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知，with引导的独立主格结 构非常活跃，虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。 一、句法结构 【结构一】with＋名词(代词)＋介词短语 【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。 The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. 那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。 Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 【结构二】with＋名词(代词)＋形容词 【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。 The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。 He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖，脸都冻红了。 【结构三】with＋名词(代词)＋副词 【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。 The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在 游行队伍中。 The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down. 这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。 He put on his socks with the wrong side out. 他把袜子穿反了。 【结构四】with＋名词(代词)＋名词 【例句】She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在 晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。
with独立主格结构
with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象，在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点，因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知，with 引导的独立主格结构非常活跃，虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。 一、句法结构 【结构一】with ＋名词(代词)＋介词短语 【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。 The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. 那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。 Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 【结构二】with ＋名词(代词)＋形容词 【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。 The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。 He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖，脸都冻红了。 【结构三】with ＋名词(代词)＋副词 【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。 The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。 The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down. 这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。 He put on his socks with the wrong side out. 他把袜子穿反了。 【结构四】with ＋名词(代词)＋名词 【例句】She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。
(完整版)独立主格结构完整讲解
一、独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure ）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立 结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。 需特别注意的是，独 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词（代词）+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 1. 名词（代词）+现在分词 例句：The storm drawing near ，the navvy decided to call it a day The storm drawi ng n ear 在句中作：原因状语 =Si nee the storm was draw ing n ear , the n avvy decided to call it a day 由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。（call it a day 今天到此为止） 例句：Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder. Win ter comi ng 在句中作：伴随状语 =The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。 Time permitti ng, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语 =改写：f time permits, I will go with you. ___________ 造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The girl staring at him, he didn ' t know what to say. 独立主格作：时间状语 =改写：As the girl stared at him, he didn ' t know what to say. 2.名词（代词）+过去分词 例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 例句：The meeti ng gone over, every one tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 造句：工作完成后，他回家了。 The work done, he went back home.
with复合结构和独立主格结构
独立主格结构和with / without复合结构 1.概念: 独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子，有逗号，在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。 2.结构: 名词/代词+ 非谓语（doing & todo & done 形容词&副词介词短语 Taking your age into consideration, y ou’d better not go hiking. Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hik ing. (Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing 当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1.________________, they left the meeting– room.（问题解决了）（settle） 2.____________ , we`ll go there on foot.(时间允许的话)(permit) 3.He was lying on the grass, __________________________(他的手交叉在手下) (cross) (Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词 1._________________, he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了) 2. He entered the house, ___________________（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红) (Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词 He put on his socks，_____________.（反的一面在外面）(out (Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式 1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 2.__________________________ (最后一个人的到来)，our party will start.（arrive） （Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。 1.Our teacher came into the classroom, ____________.(手上一本书) 2._______________ , the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜） (Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。但在 “being+过去分词”或“there being＋过去分词”结构中，being不可省。 1.___________________, he went to school.(早餐结束后)（over） 2.____________________________, she went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因) 3._________________________, we can‘t go there. (房间正在被油漆) 二．With和without复合结构 with和without复合结构是:with/without＋名词／代词＋分词／不定式／形容词／副词／介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。 （Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。(Ⅱ) with/without 名词／代词+ 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。 (Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。 (Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。 1. She sleeps with the window ____________. 2. I couldn`t finish my work with those children __. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around
独立主格结构完整讲解(可编辑修改word版)
独立主格结构的用法 一、独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。 需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 1.名词(代词)+现在分词 例句：The storm drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day． The storm drawing near 在句中作：原因状语 ＝Since the storm was drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day．由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。（call it a day 今天到此为止）例句：Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. Winter coming 在句中作：伴随状语 = The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。 Time permitting, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语 =改写：If time permits, I will go with you. 造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say. 独立主格作：时间状语 =改写：As the girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say. 2.名词(代词)+过去分词 例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 例句：The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 造句：工作完成后，他回家了。 The work done, he went back home. = When the work was done, he went back home.
With复合结构与独立主格结构
With复合结构与独立主格结构 我们在阅读或在翻译一些文章的时候经常会碰到“With + 独立主格”结构,这一结构并不就是一个独立的单句,但其句法作用却相当于一个单句,大多数情况下它在句子中充当状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况、附加说明等等。这一结构在句子中即可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。With 后面的独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)就是由名词(也可以就是代词)加现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、形容词、副词、不定式等构成。下面根据with 后独立主格所涉及到的成分通过例句的形式对这一结构加以说明。 1、 With +名词+过去分词 § They left with most of their work undone、(大部分的工作还没有做她们就离开了) § The year 2000 ended with nothing settled、 (2000年过去了,什么也没有解决) § The prisoner was brought in with his hands tied and feet chained、 (囚犯被带了进来,手被捆着,脚被锁链锁着。) § The shopping bag ladies wear layers of clothes, with newspapers stuffed between the layers as further protection against cold、(流浪女穿着一层层的衣服,层与层之间还塞满了报纸来进一步抵御严寒) 2、 With +名词+现在分词 § She stood on the top of the hill with her hair flowing in the breeze、(她站在小山顶上,长发在微风中飘拂) § I was about to declare myself here in Southampton with trains rattling overhead、(在南安普敦,火车在我上面的铁轨上隆隆作响,我就要表明我自己的身份,开始拉琴卖艺了。) § With economy recovering, people’s living standard is improving、(随着经济的复苏,人民的生活水平也在改善) 3、 With+名词+介词短语 § He stood on a big rock with his face towards the rough sea、(她站在一块儿大岩石上,面朝着波涛汹涌的大海) § They stood with their arms round each other、(她们站在那里,相互拥抱着) § His wife came down the stairs, with her one-year-old son in her arms、 (她 的妻子走下楼来,怀里抱着她那个一岁的儿子) 4、 With+名词+形容词 § Even in winter he still slept with the window open、(即使在冬天,她仍然开着窗户睡觉) § With chairman of the board seriously ill, we had to cancel the meeting、(由于董事长病的很严重,所以我们只好取消了这次会议) § With the weather unbearably hot, we had to have our air-conditioner working all the time。(由于天气热得令人难以忍受,所以我们只得一直开着空调) 5. With+名词+副词 § With two people away ill, we’ll have to close the office this afternoon、(由于两人有病没来,今天下午我们不得不停止办公) § Her three children lay on the bed with all their clothes on、(她的三个孩子穿着衣服躺床上) § The child was free to do everything with her mother not in、 (母亲没在家,这个孩子可以自由地做一切事情) 6、 With+名词+不定式短语 § With a lot of work to do, I don’t know whether I have time to go to the concert with you、(有这么多的工作要做,我不知道就是否有时间与您一起去听音乐会)