2017电大《液压气动技术》试题2010-2017

一、填空题

1、液体粘度有三种表示方法:___动力__粘度、_运动__粘度和恩氏(条件/相对)粘度。

2、液体的流动状态有两种即:____层流____和___紊流____。

3、按结构形式分,常用的液压泵有齿轮泵、___叶片泵___和___柱塞泵___三类。

4、使液压泵输出的油液以很低的压力流回油箱的油路称为(卸荷回路)

5、调速阀能在负载变化时使通过调速阀的(流量)不变。

6、为保证气动系统正常工作,需要在_压缩机__出口处安装后冷却器,以析出水蒸气,并在__后冷却器__出口处安装油水分离器,进一步清除空气中的水分。

7、以大气压为基准计测压力,基准以上的正值叫表压力,基准以下的负值叫真空度

9、液体在管道中流动时的压力损失可分为沿程压力损失和局部压力损失两种。

10、在旁油路节流调速回路中,溢流阀作安全阀用,其调定压力应大于克服最大负载所需要的压力,正常工作时,溢流阀处于闭合状态。

11、动力黏度是液体在单位速度梯度下流动时,液体层间单位面积上的内摩擦力。而运动黏度是液体的动力黏度与同温度下液体的密度之比

二、判断题

1、通常把既无黏性又不可压缩的液体称为理想液体。( √ )

2、真空度是以绝对真空为基准来测量的液体压力。(× )

3、液压泵的容积效率与液压泵的泄漏量有关,而与液压泵的理论流量无关。( √ )

4、先导式溢流阀的远程控制口可以使系统实现远程调压或使系统卸荷。( √ )

5、在采用节流阀的回油路节流调速回路中,回油腔压力p2将随负载FL减小而增大,但不会高于液压泵出口压力。×

6、单向阀、溢流阀和顺序阀都可以作为背压阀使用。( √ )

7、在同一温度下,湿空气中的水蒸气分压和饱和水蒸气分压得比值称为相对湿度。( √ )

8、将马赫数M<1的气体流动,称为亚音速流动。( √ )

9、要使气体流动速度达到超音速流动,管道截面形状必须先收缩后扩张。( √ )

11、油水分离器安装在后冷却器之前,用来分离压缩空气中的水滴,油滴和杂质等。(× )

12、液压泵的容积效率不仅与液压泵的泄漏量有关,而且与液压泵的转速有关。(× )

13、重力作用下的静止液体的等压面是水平面。( √ )

14、流经薄壁小孔的流量与液体的密度有关,而与液体的粘度无关。( √ )

15、双作用叶片泵既可作为定量泵使用,又可作为变量泵使用。( X )

16、液压缸差动连接可以提高活塞的运动速度,并可以得到很大的输出推力。( X )

17、在旁油路节流调速回路中,液压泵的压力随液压缸的负载变化而变化。( √ )

18、液压系统的工作压力取决于泵的额定压力。( X )

19、油水分离器是一种空气净化设备,它安装于储气罐的进口处。( √ )

20、每lm3湿空气中,含有水蒸气的质量称为湿空气的绝对湿度。( √ )

21、缓冲气动缸是依靠缓冲柱塞、节流孔使活塞运动速度减慢,实现缓冲作用的。( √ )

22、快速排气阀是一种流量控制阀,可用于加快气动缸的运动速度。Y

23、液流流经细长孔的流量与液体的密度有关,而与液体的粘度无关。N

24、动力粘度无物理意义,但却在工程计算时经常使用。( X )

25、液体的表压力是以绝对真空为基准来测量的液体压力。( X )

26、连续性方程表明恒定流动中,液体的平均流速与流通圆管的直径大小成反比。( X )

27、双叶片摆动缸的转矩是单叶片摆动缸的2倍。( √ )

28、调速阀由差压式减压阀与节流阀串联而组成。( √ )

29、气压传动能较容易的实现气缸准确的速度控制和很高的定位精度。( X )

30、液压传动不易获得很大的力和转矩。( × )

31、高压系统中宜采用柱塞泵。( √ )

32、液压缸差动连接可以提高活塞的运动速度,但输出推力较小。( √ )

33、单向阀、溢流阀和减压阀都可以当背压阀使用。( × )

34、将马赫数M>1的气体流动,称为超音速流动。( √ )

35、单作用叶片泵既可作为定量泵使用,又可作为变量泵使用。(√)

36、不工作时,顺序阀的阀口是常闭的,进、出油口断开。(√ )

37、不工作时,减压阀的阀口是常开的,进、出油口相通。(√ )

38、液体的体积模量越大,表明该液体抗压缩的能力越强。(√ )

39、液压油对温度变化极为敏感,温度升高,粘度降低。( √ )

40、相对压力有正、负之分,正的相对压力称为真空度;负的相对压力称为表压力。( × )

41、采用节流阀的进油路节流调速回路,其速度刚度与节流阀流通面积A及负载FL的大小有关,而与油泵出口压力无关。(× )

42、由空气压缩机产生的压缩空气,一般不能直接用于气压系统。( √ )

43、气动缸的无负载工作特性要求气动缸带有规定的负载,在规定的压力下平稳运动无爬行现象。( × )

44、液压马达与液压泵从能量转换观点上看是互逆的,因此所有的液压泵均可以用来做马达使用。(× )

45、双杆活塞液压缸又称为双作用液压缸,单杆活塞液压缸又称为单作用液压缸。(× )

46、液体真空度的数值接近于一个大气压时,液体的绝对压力接近于零。( √ )

47、一台工程机械,在高温下工作,应当选用粘度较高的液压油。( √ )

48、电液动换向阀的动作可靠、平稳,换向速度易于控制。( √ )

49、油水分离器的作用是分离润滑油中的水分杂质,再经油雾器使气动系统中的气动元件得到润滑。(× )

50、气压传动平稳,可以传递很大的力和转矩。(× )

51、因存在摩擦,液压马达的实际转矩比理论转矩小,而液压泵的实际转矩比理论转矩大。( √ )

52、对液压缸筒内壁的精度要求很低,缸筒较长时可以采用柱塞缸。( √ )

53、后冷却器是一种空气净化设备,安装在空气压缩机的进口处。(× )

54、气动三联件是由分水滤气器、减压阀和油雾器构成。( √ )

2、一般情况下,压力对液压油粘度的影响不大,特别当压力较低时,可不考虑,但是在高压时对粘度的影响明显( √ ) 16、缓冲装置的作用是排出混入液压缸中的空气,保证液压缸的运动平稳性。(× )

18、采用三位换向阀中位机能的锁紧回路中,三位换向阀的中位机能可以任意选择。(× )

20、一般情况下,气动执行元件在速度控制、搞负载影响等方面的性能优于液压执行元件。(× )

三、单选题(每题3分,共15分)

1、选择液压油时,主要考虑油液( C )。C.粘度

2、若某三位换向阀的阀心在中间位置时,压力油与油缸两腔连通、回油封闭,则此阀的滑阀机能为( A.P型)

3、单杆活塞式液压缸缸筒内径为D,活塞杆直径为d,其差动连接时活塞杆的速度是(A)。

4、有湿空气的压力为0. 106MPa,干空气分压为0.082MPa,若同温度下饱和水蒸气分压为0.062MPa,则此湿空气的相对湿度为( B )。B. 38.7.6%

5、绝热过程的特征是( D )。D.气体与外界无热量交换

6、一流通截面为长方形截面(长为a,宽为b)起水力直径DH是( B )。

7、齿轮泵的泄漏有多条途径,其中最严重的是( A )。A。轴向间隙

8、若某三位换向阀中位机能中,油缸两腔与回油连通,系统不卸荷,则此阀的滑阀机能为( D )。D.Y型

9、以变量泵为油源时,在泵的出口并联溢流阀是为了使阀起到( A )。 A. 过载保护作用

10、等容过程的特征是( C )。C. 气体对外不作功

11、液压系统的工作压力取决于( C )。 C. 负载

12、泵的实际流量是指( D )。D.泵的理论流量和泄漏量之差

13、能实现差动连接的液压缸是( B )。B.单杆活塞液压缸

14、与节流阀相比较,调速阀的显著特点是( C )。C.流量稳定性好

15、可以承受负的负载的节流调速回路是( C )。 C. 回油路节流调速回路

16、液压机床中往往采用快速回路,它的主要目的是( B ),提高系统的工作效率。B.加快工作机构空载时的速度

17、等温过程的特征是( A )。A.气体的内能保持不变

18、为保证气动系统正常工作,需要在压缩机出口处安装( A )以析出水蒸气,并在储气罐出口安装干燥器,进一步消除空气中的水分。 A. 后冷却器

19、在液压系统中,减压阀能够______。(C)C.保持出油口压力稳定

20、液压泵或液压马达的排量( C )。C-取决于结构尺寸

21、调速阀是用( D )组合而成的。D.节流阀与减压阀串联

22、图1所示的为一远程三级调压液压回路,各溢流阀的调整压力p1=5Mpa,P2=3Mpa,p3=2Mpa。当外负载趋于

无穷大时,若二位二通电磁阀通电,泵的工作压力为( A )。A.2Mpa

23、后冷却器一般安装在( B )以析出水蒸气。B.空压机的出口管路上

24、解决齿轮泵困油现象最常用方法是( )。B.开卸荷槽

25、下列三位换向阀中位机能中,能实现系统卸荷的是( )。A.H型

26、在下列液压阀中,( )不能作为背压阀使用。C.减压阀

27、气动系统使用( )是为了使各种气动元件得到润滑,其安装位置应尽可能靠近使用端,但绝不能安装在换向阀和气缸之间。D.油雾器

28、我国采用40度时液压油的()值为其粘度等级符号。B-运动粘度

29、高压系统宜采用()。C-柱塞泵

30、若某三位换向阀中位机能中,各油口全封闭,系统不卸荷,则此阀的滑阀机能为()C-O型

31、()系统效率较高,且速度稳定性好- C-容积节流调速

32、液体流动时,若液体中任一点处的()称为恒定流动。D-压力、速度和密度不随时间变化

33、单杆活塞缸采用差动连接方式,其有效工作面积为()。C-活塞杆面积

34、有两个调整压力分别为5MPa和10MPa的溢流阀串联在液压泵的出口,泵的出口压力为()。C-15MPa

35、下列基本回路中,不属于容积调速回路的是()。B-定量泵和定量马达调速回路

36、气动三联件的连接顺序是()。B-分水滤气器—>减压阀—>油雾器

37、下图所示圆管,管中液体由左向右流动,管中通流断面的直径分别为d1=200mm和d2=100mm,如果通过通流断面1的平均流速v1=1.5m/s,则通过通流断面2的平均流速v2=()m/s。C-6

38、伯努力方程是()在流体力学中的表达形式。A-能量守恒定律

39、总效率较高的一般是()。C-齿轮泵

40、单杆活塞式液压缸缸筒内径为D,活塞杆直径为d,

输入液压缸的油液压力为p,其差动连接时作用力为(B)。

41、若某三位换向阀的阀心在中间位置时,液压缸的两腔与回油连通,系统不卸载,则此阀的滑阀机能为()。D-Y型

42、对压力继电器叙述不正确的是()。B-改变弹簧的压缩量可以调节流量

43、伯努利方程是能量守恒定律在流体力学中的一种表现形式,理想液体的伯努利方程中没有()C-热能

四、计算题

1、叶片泵转速n =1500r/min ,输出压力6.3MPa

时输出流量为53L/min ,测得泵轴消耗功率为

7kW 。当泵空载时可认为无泄漏,空载时的输出

流量即为理论流量,为56L/min 。求该泵的容积

效率和总效率。

2、如图所示的平衡回路,平衡回路要求顺序阀有一定的调定压力,防止换向阀处于中位时活塞向下运动,起到锁紧作用。已知液压缸无杆腔面积A1=80cm2,有杆腔面积A2=40cm2,活塞与运动部分自重G=6000N ,运动时活塞上的摩擦阻力F1=2000N ,向下运动时的负载阻力F=24000N ,试求顺序阀和溢流阀的调定压力各为多少?

3、某液压泵的额定流量Qn=100L/min ,

额定压力Pn =2.5MPa ,当转速n =

1450r/min 时,机械效率0.9。该泵理论流

量Qt =106L/min 。

(1)求泵的容积效率和总效率; (2)当泵

转速降至500r/min 时,计算额定压力下泵的理论流量和实际流量。

4、图示回路中已知液压缸无杆腔面积A ,=100cm2,有杆腔面积A2=50cm2,调速阀最小 压差Δp=0.5MPa ,仅当负载由0变到30000N 时,活塞向右运动速度稳定不变,试求: (1)溢流阀的调定压力Py ;(2)当F =0时,泵的出口压力Pp 、回油腔压力P2。

5、某液压泵的工作压力P =8MPa ,转速n =950r /min ,泵的排量q=30ml /r ,容积效率Pv 为0.95,总效率为0.9。 求:(1)泵的输出功率;(2)驱动该泵的电动机功率。

6、图示的液压回路中,已知液压缸的面积A1=A3=

100cm2,A2=A4=50cm2,负载F1=14000N ,F2=

4250N ,顺序阀的开启压力pK =0.15MPa ,节流阀上的

压降Δpr=0.2MPa ,试求:(1)A 、B 、C 各点的压力;

(2)若液压缸速度v1=3.5cm/s ,v2=4cm/s ,求各液压

缸的输入流量。

解:(1)计算A 、B 、C 各点压力列出缸1的力平衡方程,进油压力即为C 点压力pC ,回油压力为零,故有 列出缸2的力平衡方程,进油压力即为B 点压力pB ,回油压力为单向阀的开启压力

(2)计算输入流量

7、如图所示,液压泵直接驱动两个并联液压缸运动。已知活塞A 重10000N ,活塞B 重5000N ,两活塞面积均为lOOctn2

若液压泵的输出流量为Q=5 L/min,试求两液压缸的动作压力及运动速度。

8、一单出杆双作用气动缸,气源压力为0. 6MPa,最大推力F=2000N,机械效率η=0. 75,活塞杆直径d=25mm,活塞行程s=250mm,每分钟往复运动次数n=10。试求:(1)确定气动缸的内径尺寸。(2)气动缸的耗气量注:气动缸直径尺寸系列50、80、100、125、160、200mm

9、下图所示液压泵驱动两个液压缸串联工作。已知两缸结构尺寸相同,缸筒内径D=90mm,活塞杆直径d=60mm,负载力F1=F2=10000N,液压泵输出流量Q=25L/min,不计损失,求泵的输出压力及两液压缸的运动速度。

五、分析题(15分)

1、图示液压机械的动作循环为快进、一工进、二工进、快退、停止。要求一工进的速度高于二工进的速度。图中a1和a2分别为阀7和阀9节流口的通流面积,且a1>a2。试读懂液压系统原理图,填写电磁铁动作顺序表。(电磁铁吸合标“+”,电磁铁断开标“-”)

2、图示回油节流调速液压回路,动作循环为快进、工进、快退、停止。试读懂液压系统图,完成液压系统电磁铁动作顺序表。(电磁铁吸合标“+”,电磁铁断开标“一”)

3、图示液压系统中,液压缸9和10的动作循环为缸9夹紧-→缸10快进-→缸10工进-→缸10快退一缸9放松-→系统停止工作。试读懂液压系统图,并完成液压系统电磁铁动作顺序表。(电磁铁吸合标“+”,电磁铁断开标“一”)

4、如图所示之回路,分析并回答下列问题。(1).写出“快进”时的进油路线和回油路线。(2).说明是何种调速回路。

(3).填写电磁铁动作表。

解答: (1).快进时进油路线: 3位4通换向阀左位一>缸无杆腔快进

时回油路线:缸有杆腔一>液控单向阀

一>3位4通换向阀左位一>油箱 注:此

时3YA 通电,控制油路有压力,打开液

控单向阀 (2).是一种回油节流调速回路

(3).电磁铁动作表 通电为“+”,断电为“一” 5、图示液压系统,动作循环为“快

进—>中速给进—>慢速给进—>快

退—>停止”。试读懂液压系统图,

完成液压系统电磁铁动作顺序表

(电磁铁吸合标“+”,断标”-“)

六、画图题

1、请将一个中位机能为M

型的三位四通电磁换向阀和

一个单向顺序阀分别填人图

中的虚 线框中组成一个平

衡回路,并连接好油路。

2017年电大《大学英语》B电大网考试题及答案(一)

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