小学英语语法汇总
小学最全英语语法汇总一、时态
1.一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用“usually 通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有时,always总是,”等词。
(2)基本结构:
(3) 动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同)
2.现在进行时,
(1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now现在, look 看,linsen听”.
(2)基本形式: be + 动词ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
What are you doing
Is he reading
(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing)
3. 一般过去时
(1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last …上一个…, just now刚才, a moment ago刚才,yesterday昨天”等词。
(2) be 动词的过去式: am/is—was are—were (3)过去式基本结构
(4)词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:
不规则动词的变化:
原形过去
式
原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式
sweep swept t each taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found
sleep slept b uy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am w as take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive d rove meet met cut cut begin began speak s poke make made let let ring rang write w rote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told
grow grew learn learned/
learnt
get got know knew
4.一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。结构:be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形
例如:I’m going to visit my grandpa next week.
二、人称代词
(注:介词,动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。)
三、可数名词的复数形式
1.一般名词: + s a book –books
2.辅音字母加y结尾: - y+ ies a story—stories
3.以s, x,sh, ch ,结尾: + es a glass—glasses;
a watch-watches
4.以f或fe结尾: - f 或fe 变为 ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
5.特殊的名词复数
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)
bread, rice, water, juice,milk,tea,coffee 五、缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got)
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will
六、a. an .the的用法
1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach, a “U”
单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg, an hour, an “F”
要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。
七、介词
1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.,under
2.表示时间:
(1)at : 几点前面用at如:at six o’clock, 没有day的节日前用at如:at Christmas, 固定词组at the weekends ,at night
(2)on: 星期前用on 如:on Monday ,日期前用on 如:on the 15th of July 带有Day的节日前用on 如:on National Day
(3)in: 早晨,中午,晚上前用in:in the morning ,in the afternoon ,in the evening ,月份前用in ,如in December ,季节前用in ,如 winter
八、基数词变成序数词的方法
1. 直接在基数词词尾加上th。如:seventh第七,tenth 第十,thirteenth 第十三,
2.以y结尾的基数词,变y为i,再加上eth。如:twentieth 第二十。
3.不规则的。如:first 第一, second 第二, third 第三,fifth 第五, eighth 第八,ninth 第九,
twelfth 第十二。
4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first 第二十一。
九、some /any的用法
1.肯定句中用some:I have some toys in my bedroom.
2.问句和否定句中用ang:Do you have any brothers or sisters
He hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.
3.询问想要什么时用some:Would you like some juice
Can I have some stamps
十、 there be结构
1.肯定句(有…): There is +单数或不可数名词There are +复数
注:遵循就近原则,看靠there be最近的
2.一般疑问句(有…吗):Is there … Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there… Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
3.否定句(没有): There isn’t …. There aren’t….
be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
十一、祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t sit down, please.
Let’s go to the park.
(注:祈使句中动词用原形)
十二、(情态)动词can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。
1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in I must go now.
2. You should be quiet in the library.
3. You’ll be good friends.
十三、形容词和副词的比较级
一、形容词的比较级
1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带
有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。。
2.形容词加er的规则:
⑴一般在词尾加er ;
⑵以字母e 结尾,加r ;
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
十四、特殊疑问句
一、名词复数的规则变化
二、现在进行时构成
三、一般现在时
四、一般过去时
五、形容词比较级
一、一般疑问句
1. --- Did you read books 你读书了吗
--- Yes, I did.是的,我读过了。/ No, I didn't. 不,我没有读过。
2. --- Is she quiet 她文静吗
--- No, she isn't. She's very active. 不,她不。她很活跃。
--- Is she strict 她严格吗
--- Yes, she is, but she's very kind. 是的,她是,但是她很和蔼。
3. --- Is this a teacher's desk 这是一张讲台桌吗/ Is it cold 冷吗/ Is her birthday in June 她的生日在六月吗/ Is this your T-shirt 这是你的T 恤衫吗
--- Yes, it is. 是的。/ No, it isn't. (No, it's not.) 不,不是的。
4. --- Can you make the bed 你会铺床吗/ Can you use a computer 你会使用电脑吗
--- Yes, I can. 是的,我会。/ No, I can't. 不,
我不会。
5. --- Are they ducks 它们是鸭子吗/ Are they eating the honey 它们吃蜂蜜吗
--- Yes, they are. 是的,它们是。/ No, they aren't. 不,它们不是。
6. --- Is there a forest in the park 公园里有一个森林吗/ Is there a river 那里有条河吗
--- Yes, there is. 是的,那里有。/ No, there aren't. 不,那里没有。
7. --- Are there any pandas in the mountains 山里有一些熊猫吗/ Are there any fish in the rivers 河里有一些鱼吗
--- Yes, there are. 是的,那里有。/ No, there aren't. 不,那里没有。
8. --- Are you eating lunch 你(们)正在吃午餐吗
--- Yes, I am. (Yes, we are.) 是的,我正在吃。(是的,我们正在吃。)/ No, I am not. (No, we aren't.) 不,我没有在吃。(不,我们没有在吃。)