初中英语句子成分分析.

初中英语句子成分分析.
初中英语句子成分分析.

初中英语句子成份

英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。

【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?

【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

一:SV(主+谓)

二:SVP(主+系+表)

三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当?

1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:

The car is running fast./The girl can sing many English songs.(名词)

We are students./This is my pen.Yours is on the desk.(代词)

One of my classmates is from Shanghai./Two and three is finve.(数词)

The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词)

It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)

Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)

【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

.2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: 由单一动词作谓语:We are Chinese./He has an English-Chinese dictionary.

情态动词加主要动词:We can play the piano./You must see the doctor.

助动词加主要动词构成谓语:She is talking with her sister./I have seen this man before.【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

3.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:

They are workers.(名词)

Two and three is five.(数词)

The story is very interesting.(形容词)

M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)

She is at home.(介词短语)

I feel terrible.(形容词)

The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)

He is here(副词)

It’s getting dark./He got very angry./The hill has turned green.(形容词)

4.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式

及动名词等充当。如:

He is doing his homework./I saw a plane in the sky just now.(名词)

They did nothing this morning./I met him on my way home.(代词)

I want three./Please pass me the first.(数词)

She wants to go home.(不定式)

We enjoy playing football.(动名词)

【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。如:

He bought me a book.

Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)

直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如:

Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)

Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)

②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish,hope,

promise,decide,agree,choose,care等。如:

I hope to see you again.

③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,

mind,practise,miss,suggest,keep(on)等。如:

Do you mind my opening the window?

④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。

a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如:

Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)

I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)

b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下

原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如:

I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)

The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。

注意:英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫及物动词,不带宾语的叫不及物动词。及物动词后必须跟上宾语意义才完整,不及物动词本身意义已完整,后面不跟宾语。

You may use my pen./Do you like fish?(及物)

Dick swims very well./The sun rises in the east.(不及物)

不及物动词可加介词再加宾语

We are listening to the music.

They are talking to each other.

既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词的词:

We are growing tomatoes./Tomatoes grow well in our garden.

They left Shanghai yesterday./They left yesterday.

My mother teaches in this school./She teaches English.

We are studying./We study English.

We began our lesson at nine./The lecture began at nine.

5.直接宾语与间接宾语。

有些及物动词可带有两个宾语,其中一个指物(直接宾语),另一个指人(间接宾语)。

我们称为双宾语。

动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)

He lent me a book./He bought me a pen./I have taught myself English for ten years.

动词+直接宾语(物)+(to,for)+间接宾语(人)

He gave his son some advice.=He gave some advice to his son.

Father bought me a computer.=Father bought a computer for me.

6.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如:

What a beautiful kite it is!/They have a clever son.(形容词)

She is a chemistry teacher./It is a colour film.(名词)

There are two students in the classroom.(数词)

This song is better than that one.(代词)

Do you know the young man over there?(副词)

We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)

The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)

【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。

7.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如: Thank you very much.(副词表示程度)

The old man is walking slowly.(副词表示方式)

He usually gets up at six.(副词表示时间)

We all wouk here.(副词表示地点)

I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语表示时间)

He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)

We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)

【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:

He is old enough to go to school.

八.状语

状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。。如:1.The girl is improving remarkably.这个女孩大有进步。

2.可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。

(1)。副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中。

He speaks the language badly but read it well.

这种语言,他讲得不好,但阅读能力很强。

Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.

当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。

3.状语按用途来分,可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等

(1)。时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中

Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?

In China now leads the world.

(2).地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中。

There are plenty of fish in the sea.

She kissed her mother on the platform(月台).

(3)。原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首。

Because he was ill,Tom lost his job.

I eat potatoes because I like them.

(4).结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末。

She woke(醒)suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.

She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.

(5).目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调

时可以置于句首。

He ran for shelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。

In order to get into a good school,I must study even harder.

(6).条件状语。多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。

We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.

If he were to come,what should we say to him?

(7).让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。

For all his money,he didn’t seem happy.他尽管有钱,但似乎并不幸福。

He helped me although he didn’t know me.

(8).程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。

The lecture is very interesting.

To what extent would you trust them?你对他们信任程度如何?

(9).伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。

My train starts at six,arriving at Chicago at ten.

He stood there,pipe(烟斗)in mouth.

(1).形容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号。

Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.我又累又困,就去睡了。

有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似。如:

The man,cruel beyond belief,didn’t listen to their pleadings.

那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求。

(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等

1.They named the child Jimmy.他们将孩子命名为吉米。(名词用作并与补语)

2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister.

我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐(名词短语作宾语补语)

3.He boiled the egg hard.她将鸡蛋煮老了。(形容词用作宾语补语)

3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。(形容词短语用作宾补)

4.The comrades wanted Dr.Bethune to take cover.

同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。(不定式用作宾语补语)

5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。(动名作宾补

6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。

8.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如:

We elected him monitor./(名词)

I found it difficult to learn English well./The sun keeps us warm./We find the story very

interestingh.(形容词)

I found her in the room.(介词短语)

Please let him in./I saw him out with XiaoLi.(副词)

The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)

He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)

They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)

七.同谓语

当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同谓语(appositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。

1.名词用作同谓语是大量的。

(1).We have two children,a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女。(2)We,the Chinese people,are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。

2.代词用作同谓语。

(1)。They all wanted to see him.他们都想见他。

(2)。Let’s you and me go to work,Oliver.咱们俩去工作吧。

3.数词用作同谓语。

(1)。Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗?

(2)。They two went,we three stayed behind.他们俩去了,我们三个留了下来。4.不定式与动名词用作同谓语。

(1)。Their latest proposal,to concentrate on primary education,has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。

(2)。The first plan,attacking at night,was turned down.

第一个计划是夜袭,被拒绝了。

5.Of短语用作同谓语

The city of Rome罗马城the art of writing写作艺术

The vice of smoking吸烟嗜好

6.从句用同谓语,即同谓语重句

(1)。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.

明天放假的消息不确。

(2)。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.

我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。

句子成分练习题(一)

(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词

①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②There is an old man coming here.

③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

Keys:①teacher②man③dictionary④To do

(二)选出句中谓语的中心词

①I don't like the picture on the wall.

A.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall

②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A.get

B.longer

C.days

D.summer

③Do you usually go to school by bus?

A.Do

https://www.360docs.net/doc/0a18635241.html,ually

C.go

D.bus

④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A.will be

B.meeting

C.the library

D.afternoon

⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A.Did

B.twins

C.have

D.breakfast

⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A.Tom

B.didn't

C.do

D.his homework

⑦What I want to tell you is this.

A.want

B.to tell

C.you

D.is

⑧We had better send for a doctor.

A.We

B.had

C.send

D.doctor

⑨He is interested in music.

A.is

B.interested

C.in

D.music

⑩Whom did you give my book to?

A.give

B.did

C.whom

D.book

Keys:①B②A③C④A⑤C⑥C⑦D⑧C⑨A⑩A (三)挑出下列句中的宾语

①My brother hasn't done his homework.

②People all over the world speak English.

③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?

⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

⑦They made him monitor of the class.

⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.

⑩They didn't know who"Father Christmas"really is.

Keys:①homework.②English.③attention④words⑤to go swimming ⑥he was ill.⑦him monitor⑧bridge museum⑨it

school.⑩who"Father Christmas"really is.

(四)挑出下列句中的表语

①The old man was feeling very tired.

②Why is he worried about Jim?

③The leaves have turned yellow.

④Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤She was the first to learn about it.

Keys:①tired.②worried③yellow.④i nterested⑤the first

(五)挑出下列句中的定语

①They use Mr,Mrs with the family name.

②What is your given name?

③On the third lap are Class1and Class3.

④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

⑥I am aiting for the sound of the other shoe!

Keys:①family②given③third④some⑤downstairs⑥of the other shoe! (六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

②He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③She found it difficult to do the work.

④They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

Keys:①to read newspapers and books②to take the boy

③difficult④Lily⑤get on the bus⑥playing football

(七)挑出下列句中的状语

①There was a big smile on her face.

②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.

⑤With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.

⑥She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it,you must pay for it.

⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

Keys:①on her face.②Every night③when he was eleven.

④too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm⑥because

she loves books.⑦if you’ve lost it⑧to see the other machine.

(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①Please tell us a story.

②My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.

④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.

⑤Did he leave any message for me?

Keys:①us,间接宾语,a story,直接宾语

②me,间接宾语a new bike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语

④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语

由一个从句在句子中作宾语,这个句子就叫宾语从句。

For example:

1.I know she lives here.

2.Father is thinking of how we can get to the station?

3.I am sorry that I am late for class.

.宾语从句的连接词有三种形

由that引导;

2.由连接代词who,what,which,whose和连接副词when,where,why how等引导;

3.由if或whether引导。

1.当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来的时候,该从句通常由that引导。That无具体意义,不作任何成分,因此在口语或者非正式文体中常常被省略。For example.

We all https://www.360docs.net/doc/0a18635241.html,o Wang is a good friend.

We all say(that)Lao Wang is a good friend.

I‘sure.You have seen that book before.

I‘m sure(that)you have seen that book before.

?Exercise:

? 1.He said____everyone was here except LinFeng.

?a,that b,what c,when d,where

? 2.My friend says.He is a teacher.(变成宾语从句)

My friend(that)he is a teacher

2.当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时,须用连词if或者Whether引导,意思为“是否”,表示选择。For example:

1).Could you tell us?will he ready come here?

Could you tell us if(whether)he will really come here?

Is the Summer Palace open now?could you tell me?

Could you tell me if(whether)the Summer Palace is open now.

思考:

I f和whether在引导宾语次从句时有区别吗?如果有,请说出它们的区别

.当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变来时,则用连接代词who,Whose,what,which和连接副词when, where,why,how等引导。它们均是充当一定成分,一般不可省略。For example:

Could you tell me?where is the nearest post office?

Could you tell me where the nearest post office is?

注意:

连接词与其后名词构成短语时则不可拆开使用。

For example:what time,which room,how many people.等。

For example:please tell me how many pictures they’ve drawn

recently.

初中英语句子成分详解

英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 (一)、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候,首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”?或者是一件“什么事”?或者是一件“什么物体”,等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分,它可能是一个词,也可能是一个词组,还有可能是一个从句,甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以,英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外,英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”,例如:It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. (名词作主语) 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. (不定式短语作主语) 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. (从句作主语) 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. (二)、谓语

(完整)初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案

句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的 。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy 等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story. (2)The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词 间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。

初中英语句子结构分析

初中英语句子结构 模块一:句子结构 【重点】 一、词性的概念: 英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类:名词、动词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词,"名"就是名称---人或事物的名称.具体的人或物体的名称:人名---Mike, Li Ming;地名—America, China动物名---pig, dog;植物名---tree, wheat。抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意), victory(胜利), knowledge(知识). 2、代词,何谓“代”?即是替代的意思,主要是来替代名词,所以说名词和代词关系是很近的,或者说代词的实质就是名词,正是这种血液关系,绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。代词,从英语词汇的整体来看数量并不多。 3、动词,"动"就是动作--人的五官动作: walk, jump, swim;人的大脑动作(心理活动): think, imagine。也有些动词是表示静止的,如:am,is,are。 4、形容词,我们在谈论人或物时,常说:“你描述一下是什么样子。”你就要用上:tall (高的),short矮的),black(黑的),white(白的)这些词往往是修饰名词,它们就是形容词。 5、副词,说人行走得快慢,讲话清楚,在英语里就要用quickly(快地),slowly(慢地),clearly(清楚地)这些词往往来修饰动词。它们就是副词。副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的,所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法,但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词,可能是形容词,不过只有少量的单词(常见的有likely,friendly lovely,lonely,weekly,monthly,yearly),这几个单词需要加强记忆,也不就是几个单词特殊嘛,不过

初中英语句子成分和结构的划分详解

及结构的划分

句子成分 ? 1.汉语的句子成分 ?1.什么是句子 ?句子是由词或词组构成的,是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气,句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。 ? 2.什么是句子成分? ?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。

?汉语中句子成分的名称及符号 ?名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 ?符号:主语=谓语-宾语~ ?定语()状语[ ]补语< > ?句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。 ?补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。 ?英语中的句子成分 英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 句子主体部分:主语和谓语(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。 表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。 句子的次要部分:定语和状语。

句子成分的划分(汉语) ?.(1)划分句子成分,首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 ?主语:是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。?谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。?宾语:在动词后面,表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物,回答“谁” 或“什么”一类问题。 ?句子一般有两种情况:写人、写物(写事、写物)。分析句子时,首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ?①.写人格式:“谁”+“干什么” ?(主语)(谓语)(宾语) ?例:杨亚‖写字 ?主谓宾 ?注意:处理复杂的单句时,要抓主干。 ?例:一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 ?主谓宾 ?

初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分讲解 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse、(名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day、(代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health、(动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure、(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided、(主语从句作主语) (二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers、(系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard、(行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book、(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English、(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)

(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。S he is doing her homework now、(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill、(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him、(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball、(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music、我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story、(2)The sun gives us light、间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有:

中考英语句子成分分析

中考英语句子成分分析 1.英语句子成分讲座·主语 句子一般要有主语。在简单句中,主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语)来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it作形式主语。 ■名词作主语 English is very important.英语是很重要的。 The students all love their English teacher.这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。 ■代词作主语 They go to school by bus.他们乘公共汽车上学。 Most of the students come from the countryside.大多数学生来自农村。 ■动名词作主语 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。 It’s no use regretting it.后悔是无用的。 ■动词不定式(短语)作主语 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 It is very hard to get to sleep.入睡很难。 2.英语句子成分讲座·谓语 谓语必须由动词充当,但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 ■及物动词作谓语 We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。

They respect one another.他们互相尊重(对方)。 All of the students like the novel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 Did you see many people there?你在那儿看见许多人了吗? ■不及物动词作谓语 He left here yesterday.他昨天离开这儿。 You’re driving too fast.你开车开得太快了。 The teacher came in, book in hand.老师走进教室,手里拿着书。 He went abroad in the September of 1988.他于1988年9月出国。 ■连系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher.他是位优秀的教师。 Her son is a friend of ours.她的儿子是我们的朋友。 Ours is a great country.我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。 The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。 3.英语句子成分讲座·表语 表语与连系动词连用,构成系表结构,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如: They are brother and sister.他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this.我想说的就是这点。 Her father is sixty-five.她父亲65岁。 John is captain of the team.约翰是足球队的队长。 The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

初中英语五种基本句型结构(1)

初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面: 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为: 单选(1分) 写句子(1分) 写作(1-2分) 阅读理解(1-2分) 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型,在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时,运用这些基本句型,对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中,首先要能运用好这些基本句型,才能得到高分。 (一)五种基本句型的句子成分: 1. 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语(verb):谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。

初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分 一.句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、 宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 句子的成分 次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 (一)主语:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意:在there be结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓 例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不 定式) (二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下: 1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如: I like apples. ( 动词) He practices running every morning. (动词短语) 2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成; 例如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

初中英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析

初中英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析 一、句子结构与成分 1.What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?(选出宾语) A. What B. your new speech C. on D. Mr. Smith 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:你的演讲是关于什么,史密斯先生?on 介词后面跟宾语,特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语,故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分,选出正确答案。2.Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like . C. When we met. He didn't say hello. D. We went out, headed for the bus stop. 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:下面那个句子是正确的。A是简单句,came和sat是并列谓语,都是一般过去式,所以A正确。B中的符号不符合英语习惯,在英语中没有书名号,表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。C句的标点符号是错误的,把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。因此选A。 【点评】考查句法知识。 3.—What an interesting story she told us! —Yes, and her voice sounded ________. A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊!——是的,她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的;small小的;clearly清楚地;sadly伤心地。sound是系动词,后跟形容词,故选A。 【点评】考查系表结构。 4.John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。

(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前 The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。如: He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。如: He bought me a book. Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如: Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如: What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)

初中英语句子成分的划分与练习

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

初中英语句子结构

初中英语句子结构分析 简单句的五个基本句型 主语+不及物动词 主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English. 主语+系动词+主语补语She is happy. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book. She bought a book for me. 主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语She makes her mother angry. The teacher asked me to read the passage. (There +be There lies a book on the desk. ) 1. 基本句型一:S+Vi (主+不及物动词) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。 不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构, 如:1. We │come. 2. The sun│rose. 3 She came. 4 My head aches. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 2. 基本句型二:S+ V系+ P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 如:1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │is growing │tall and strong. 系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用。 可分四类:1. 表“是” 如:be“是”(am, is, are, was, were) 2.表“感觉” 如:look看起来feel感到,sound听起来,smell闻起来,seem似乎 3. 表“变” 如:get变得, turn变得, grow变得,go变得, come变得, become成为 4. 表“保持” 如:keep保持, stay保持 常用连系动词的用法: ①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn

初中英语句子成分及练习

句子的成分 1 名词 Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称 box,pen,tree,apple 2 代词 Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词We,this,them,myself 3形容词Adjectives(adj.) 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征good,sad,high,short 4 数词 Numerals(num.)表示数目或顺序 one,two,first 5 动词 Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态 Jump,sing,visit vt.是及物动词 vt后必须跟宾语:sing a song vi.是不及物动词 vi后不直接带宾语或不带宾语:jump high 6 副词Adverbs(adv.) 修饰动、形、副等词,表示动作特征there,widely,suddenly 7 冠词 Articles (art.) 用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的围 a,an,the 8 介词 Prepositions (prep.) 用在名词或代词前,说明它与别的词的关系in,on,down,up 9 连词 Conjunctions (conj.) 表示人或事物的名称if,because,but 10 感叹词Interjections (int.) 代替名词、数词、形容词等oh,hello,hi,yeah 句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的,能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。句子的开头第一个字母必须要大写,结尾要有句号“.”,问号“?”或感叹号“!”。 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。英语的基本成分有七种:主语 (S ubject)、谓语(P redicate)、表语(P redicative)、宾语(Object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~)我们在一中学习。

初一英语句子成分分析

句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 Lucy is a good student. The Great Wall is in China. 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. He studies very hard. She likes speaking. I can swim in the river. We don’t like math. He doesn’t watch TV. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

初中英语语法整理:句子成分知识分析

初中英语语法整理:句子成分知识分析【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当? 【答】 .主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:Thecarisrunningfast. wearestudents. oneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai. It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic. Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth. 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句后。 2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: Heworksinafactory.

Ifeltcold. HowcanIgettothestation? DoyouspeakEnglish? Theyareworkinginafield. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如: Heisdoinghishomework. Theydidnothingthismorning. Shewantstogohome. weenjoyplayingfootball. 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。如: Heboughtmeabook. Passmetheball,willyou? 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如:HanchenlentsomemoneytoLiHai. XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom. ②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish,hope,promise,decide,agree,choose,

初中英语句子成分及其五种基本结构

句子的成分 1 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~) The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净) Three were absent.(数词作主语) To teach them English is my job. (不定式作主语) 注意 不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. (真正的主语是to teach them English.) 2 谓语 说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。His Parents are doctors. (系动词作谓语) She looks well.(系动词作谓语) We study hard.(实义动词作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语) 3 表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before.(形容词作表语) I am a teacher.(名词作表语) Everybody is here.(副词作表语) They are at home now.(介词短语作表语) My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语) 4 ,宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。 She is playing the piano now.(名词作宾语) He often helps me.(代词作宾语)

初中英语语法——句子成分分析

语法讲座——句子成分和句子结构 一、概述:要想快速记忆英语的主要语言规则就必须按照词的分类来记忆(n. v. pron. adj. adv. art. 二、句子成分: 主语:表示“是什么;是谁”。例如:Who teaches you English? (谁教你们的英语?) 谓语:表示“做什么;是怎样”。例如:They are talking about the grades.(他们正在谈论分数。) 宾语:表示“动作或介词的对象”。例如:My father bought me a new bike.(我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。) 定语:表示名词或代词是“……的”。例如:This is a big brown wooden desk.(这是一张棕色的大木头课桌。) 状语:表示“……地”做动作。例如:I really like English.(我真地喜欢英语) 系表结构:英语中特有的“系动词+形容词或名词”的结构。系动词有“1+3+6”。 例如:That sounds good.(那听起来很好) I am very well today.(我今天很好)

四、分析下列句子的句子成分: 1. Three is enough for each of us. 2. Some young people can’t be careful to their jobs. 3. You are many but they are few. 4. I can speak a little Japanese. 5. All the people are here. 6. I t’s so nice to meet you. 7. Who is she? 8. What color is your new dress? 9. When is your school art festival? 10. How is your father? 11. What are they talking about? 12. Four and three is seven. 13. All I can do is to wait and see. 14. Being a middle student is a difficult thing. 15. To be a scientist needs to work hard. 16. You also can buy clothes, fridges(冰箱) and washing machines(洗衣机) in this supermarket. 17. This is my shirt. 18. This shirt is mine. 19. Is math your favorite subject? 20. Is your favorite subject math?

初中英语句子成分分析

初中英语句子成份 英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当? 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如: The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is finve.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 .2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: 由单一动词作谓语:We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词:We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语:She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如: They are workers.(名词) Two and three is five.(数词) The story is very interesting.(形容词) M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词) The dish tastes delicious.(形容词) He is here (副词) It’s getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hill has turned green. (形容词) 4, 宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如: He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now. (名词) They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.(代词) I want three./ Please pass me the first. (数词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词)

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