初中英语句子成分的划分与练习
句子成分(Members of a Sentence)
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词）
1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢？
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻
Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词）│Ｏ
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好！"
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如：
Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please.
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ｏ（多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格+ 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格+ 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格+ 分词
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│Ｏ（宾语）│Ｃ（宾补）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色
3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想？
6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语
一、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
二、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'
副词（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）
介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）
Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）
不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语：
Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）
状语从句：
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句
、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
三、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
四、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。
感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。
肯定词yes
否定词no
称呼语：称呼人的用语。
插入语：一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。
五、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。
例：
错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.
或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如：
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
句子成分练习题( 一)
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
②There is an old man coming here.
③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）
①I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C.go
D. bus
④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩Whom did you give my book to?
A. give
B.did
C. whom
D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）
①My brother hasn't done his homework.
②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦They made him monitor of the class.
⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）
①The old man was feeling very tired.
②Why is he worried about Jim?
③The leaves have turned yellow.
④Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）
①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
②What is your given name?
③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
②He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）
①There was a big smile on her face.
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）
①Please tell us a story.
②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.
⑤Did he leave any message for me?
答案
(一)①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do
(二)①B②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C⑨A⑩A
(三)①homework.②English.③attention④words ⑤to go swimming⑥he was ill.⑦him monitor ⑧bridge museum⑨it
school.⑩who"Father Christmas"really is.
(四)①tired.②worried③yellow.④i nterested⑤the first
(五)①family ②given③third ④some ⑤downstairs ⑥of the other shoe!
(六)①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on the bus⑥playing football
(七)①on her face.②Every night ③when he was eleven.
④too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm⑥because she loves books.⑦if you’ve lost it⑧to see the other machine.
(八)①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语
②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语
④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语
划分句子成分划分英语句子成分经典练习
划分句子成分练习 练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1）Tree s turns green when spring comes. 2）The old man was feeling very tired. 3）His job is to train swimmers. 4）Where he was buried remained unknown. 5）What he said proved true. 6）We must keep quiet. 7）The shop stayed open until eleven. 8）She appeared younger than she really was. 9）His face went red. 10）He fell ill last week. 11）The cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. 从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等，它们下面一般跟________词作表语。 练习 2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。 1）It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree. 2）It is a fact that English is being accepted as an
international language. 3）It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4）The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 5）She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affaires in that town. 6）I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 7）He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. 8）I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 从上面我们可以看出，作形式主语和宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是________或__________，放在下面。 练习 3. 分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，留意定语是什么词性或结构充当，并留意定语的位置。 1）Comrades in her group often help her with grammar. 2）The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors. 3）The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.
初中英语句子成分详解
英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 （一）、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以，英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. （名词作主语） 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式短语作主语） 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. （从句作主语） 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. （二）、谓语
高中英语句子成分详细归纳
英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子的主要成分有主语，谓语，宾语； 次要成分有定语、状语、补语、表语、和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be结构、一般疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popula （名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours? （代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one? （数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的承受着或对象，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
初中英语句子成分和结构的划分详解
及结构的划分
句子成分 ? 1.汉语的句子成分 ?1．什么是句子 ?句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。 ? 2.什么是句子成分？ ?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
?汉语中句子成分的名称及符号 ?名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 ?符号：主语=谓语－宾语～ ?定语（）状语[ ]补语< > ?句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。 ?补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。 ?英语中的句子成分 英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 句子主体部分：主语和谓语（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。 表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。 句子的次要部分：定语和状语。
句子成分的划分（汉语） ?.（1）划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 ?主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。?谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。?宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁” 或“什么”一类问题。 ?句子一般有两种情况：写人、写物（写事、写物）。分析句子时，首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ?①．写人格式：“谁”＋“干什么” ?（主语）（谓语）（宾语） ?例：杨亚‖写字 ?主谓宾 ?注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。 ?例：一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 ?主谓宾 ?
高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)
Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:
There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.
(完整)初二初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的 。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy 等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词 间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。
初中英语划分句子成分习题
划分句子成分练习题（1） 1.They are working on the farm now. 2.Seeing is believing 3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much 4.She became a doctor in 1998 5.The book lying on the floor are mine 6.Suddenly it begins to rain 7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday 8.I always find her happy 9.He wonders If I still study English 10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine 11.We always work hard at English. 12.He said he didn't come. 13.They love each other. 14.What did you bye? 15.She watched her daughter playing the piano. 16.your job today is to help the old. 17.Speaking doesn't mean doing. 18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left. 19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 20.It takes me an hour to get there.
高中英语语法句子成分分析 word版
一、句子成分 英语句子成分分析和句子结构分析（语法高手必备） 英语句子成分分析 （一）句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分（一般共九中成分）； 主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。 （二）主语： 主语 (Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。（但在 there b e 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中， 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。） 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。例如：（请画出主语） Three plus two is five. It is a great pleasure to swim in the river Smoking does harm to the health. There are many students in my class. Are you a student? Here comes the bus. He can do it and so can I. Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. （主语从句） （三）谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语 之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took o ff at ten o ’clock. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may k eep the book for two weeks. He has c aught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are s tudents. 谓语 体现时态和语态?时态 （与非谓语比较） 语态 现在时： 一般现在时: 现在进行时: 现在完成时: Is /am/are+---或does/do Is/am/are+doing Has/have +done Has/have+been+doing Is/am/are+ I s /a m /a r e +b e i n g + Has/have+been+
初中英语句子成分讲解
初中英语句子成分讲解 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse、（名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day、（代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health、（动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure、（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided、（主语从句作主语） （二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers、（系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard、（行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book、（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English、（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）
（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。S he is doing her homework now、（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill、（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him、（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball、（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music、我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story、（2）The sun gives us light、间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：
划分句子成分练习(英语)答案
划分句子成分练习答案 练习1 1)Tees turn green when spring comes. (SVP) 2)The old man was feeling very tired. (SVP) 3)His job is to train swimmers. (SVP) 4)Where he was buried remained unknown. (SVP) 5)What he said proved true. (SVP) 6)We must keep quiet. (SVP) 7)The shop stayed open until eleven. (SVP) 8)She appeared younger than she really was. (SVP) 9)His face went red. (SVP) 10)H e fell ill last week. (SVP) 11)T he cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. (SVP) turn, feel, be, remain, prove, keep, stay, appear, go, fall, taste 形容词 练习2 1)It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree.（SVP） 2)It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. （SVP） 3)It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. （SVO） 4)The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . （SVOC） 5)She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. （SVOC） 6)I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work．（SVOC） 7)He made it known to his friends that he didn’t w ant to enter politics. （SVOC） 8)I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. （SVO） It, 动词不定式，名词性从句（一般由that引导且不能省略，也有其它引导的） 练习3 1)Comrades in her group often help her with grammar. (SVO) 2)The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors. (SVO) 3)The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu. (SVP) 4)After the third period there is a long break for rest and exercise.(there be) 5)Any man with a little sense can see that he is exactly like a rope. (SVO) 6)People all over the world speak English. (SVO) 7)The woman with a baby in her arms is his other . (SVP) 8)We need a place twice larger than this one. (SVO) 9)The man downstairs was trying to sleep. (SV) 10)Every night he heard the noise upstairs. (SVO)
初中英语划分句子成分习题(含答案)
11. We always work hard at English. 主语状语谓语状语状语 12. He said he didn't come. 主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语 13. They love each other. 主谓语宾语 14. What did you buy? 宾助动词主谓 15. She watched her daughter playing the piano. 主语谓语宾语宾语补足语 16. Your job today is to help the old. 主语定语系动词表语 17. Speaking doesn't mean doing. 主语谓语宾语 18. Bye the time I got to the station, the train had left. 时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语 19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语20. It takes me an hour to get there.
形式主语谓语宾语真正主语 划分句子成分练习题(2) (一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. A B C D ② People all over the world speak English. A B C D ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D ④ How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D
初中英语句子成分分析-T
初中英语句子成份 英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。 The deceased died of old age. 死者死于年老。 副词用作主语。如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了 从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。 句子用作主语。如：”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。 二．谓语【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 .2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： 由单一动词作谓语：We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词：We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如： (1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水（had a swim 代替了swam） (2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！（take a look 代替了look） (3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。（gave a sigh 代替了sighed） (4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。（a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分，彻底的)） 3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如： They are workers.(名词) Two and three is five.(数词) The story is very interesting.(形容词) M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词)
高中英语语法专题：五大句型-划分句子成分练习
一、划分句子成分练习： 1 Class begins. 2 The poor man died. 3 The red sun is rising. 4 My father bought me a computer. 5 Mr Lin gave us an encouraging talk. 6 Your story sounds interesting. 7 His face turned red. 8 They kept the door green. 9 He had me standing all the morning. 10 The student has known the answer. 11 He doesn’t know them. 12 The plane has landed. 13 You can take part. 14 She will make new friends. 15 Everyone in the team exchanged numbers. 16 Our school will hold a sports meeting. 17 The cake tastes sweet. 18 She was a little anxious. 19 All of them were amazed.
20 You had better buy your friend a gift. 21 You can offer me some information. 22 He found the homework easy. 23 We all hear him read English aloud every morning. 二、划分句子成分练习：（选择题） 1.The sun rises. 2.They worked yesterday. 3.My sister is playing. 4.The dinosaur has died out. 5.It is an insect. 6.The food smells good. 7.The boy looks frightened. 8.The woman felt embarrassed. 9.His face turns red. 10.They visited our campus. 11.The scientists explored this mountain. 12.We will have a debate.