语法专练 板块2 第3讲 构词法

第3讲构词法[全国卷考情分析]

考点一形容词加ly变为副词的规律

[先试做题组]

单句语法填空

1．The boy ran quickly(quick) to school.

2．“What's that？” Father shouted angrily(angry)．

3．The little girl is extremely(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.

4．Your composition is badly(bad)organized.Please do your writing exercise more attentively(attend)next time.

[再解读要点]

1．一般情况加ly。如：real→really；careful→carefully；polite→politely；quick→quickly 2．“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，将y改为ily。如：angry→angrily；busy→busily；heavy→heavily 3．以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probable→probably；possible→possibly

4．个别单词，去掉e再加ly。如：true→truly

5．以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basic→basically；energetic→energetically

[名师点津]有的名词＋ly→形容词，如：friend→friendly；day→daily

考点二动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀

[先试做题组]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．He is rather selfish(self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.

2．The good working condition in the factory is attractive(attract)．

3．He is reliable(rely) so you can depend on him.

4．They are nervous(nerve) about their first trip abroad.

5．The flower is harmful(harm) to our health.

Ⅱ.单句改错

6．Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and balance diet.balance→balanced

7．(2019·大庆调研)I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society.reason→reasonable

[再解读要点]

考点三

[先试做题组]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2019·泰安一模)It is necessary to have a physical examination (examine) every year.

2．Annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth(warm)．

3．Without hesitation(hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.

Ⅱ.单句改错

4．(2019·湖北八校联考)It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your pronounce.pronounce→pronunciation

[再解读要点]

[先试做题组]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．I'm doing Tom's job in his absence(absent)．

2．How much is the postage(post)for the package.

3．He has the ability(able)to do the job.

Ⅱ.单句改错

4．(2019·山师大附中月考)We fear that we do not have the strong and courage to face the truth of our situation.strong→strength

[再解读要点]

[先试做题组]

单句语法填空

1．The famous actress(act)is dancing with her fans.

2．We should respect everyone，even a beggar(beg)．

3．My boss is not here.Do you like to speak to one of his assistants(assist)? [再解读要点]

[先试做题组]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2019·青岛一模)As they couldn't play outdoors，they were unhappy (happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time.

2．People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishonest(honest)．

3．Informal(formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.

Ⅱ.单句改错

4．(2019·张掖月考)I know as an excellent guide I should make your journey interesting and meaningless.meaningless→meaningful

[再解读要点]

考点七

[先试做题组]

单句语法填空

1．Travelling abroad can broaden(broad)our horizons.

2．The clever boy has the ability to simplify(simple) that dull story.

3．He eventually realized(real)his ambition to become a scientist.

[再解读要点]

考点八

[先试做题组]

单句语法填空

1．The frightening shout frightened the boys.

＝The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened．

(frighten)

2．His surprised look suggested that he knew nothing about it.(surprise)

3．The story sounds interesting and we are interested in the story.(interest)

[再解读要点]

一些动词，如excite，disappoint，encourage，puzzle，surprise，confuse，interest，satisfy，please，shock，astonish，disturb，bore等，其现在分词(ing)和过去分词(ed)都能转化为形容词。

The story was very moving and we were deeply moved.这个故事非常感人，我们都被深深地感动了。

[易错提示]此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时，动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed的区别：动词的-ing形式用来说明主语的特性，表示该表情或声音令人怎么样，因此译作“令人……的”；动词的-ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Fortunately(fortunate), Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.

2．It's still a useful and pleasant form of communication(communicate)．

3．It is not surprising(surprise) that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there

are reasons to do so.

4．Chinese scientists recently(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.

5．The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth (grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.

6．Some schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.

7．We should see failure(fail) as a requirement for moving towards our goals.

8．You can live a more powerful(power) life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.

9．Ants are gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and make preparations(prepare) for the long cold winter.

10．It is dangerous(danger) for a woman to walk alone at night.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．With each shovel of dirt which hit his back, the donkey was doing something amazed.amazed→amazing

2．In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. Human children, on the other hand，are extremely cooperate.cooperate→cooperative

3．(2018·兰州模拟)When we felt hunger，we went out and had lunch.hunger→hungry

4．The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.taste→tasty

5．They are true good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.true→truly

Ⅰ.语法填空

On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers 1.________(quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet 2.________ rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage 3.________ (leave) everywhere.

Sally walked onto the platform, 4.________ (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！” All students stopped 5.________ (look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3... In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them 6.________ the walls of the classroom.She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.

7．________(surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; 8.________，she won respect from the students.Over the years, she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just 9.________ she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and 10.________ (confident)．

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一名老师通过努力最终将问题班级转化成优秀班级的故事。

1．had quit(ted)[考查动词的时态。辞职动作发生在“She was told”之前，因此需用过去完成时。]

2．the[考查冠词。“the rest of ...”是固定短语，意为“其余的……”。]

3．left[考查非谓语动词。过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。]

4．picked[考查动词的时态。老师走上讲台，拿起粉笔在黑板上写字，构成并列谓语。and连接三个并列的谓语动作，由walked, wrote可知，此处填所给词的过去式。] 5．to look[考查非谓语动词。所有学生都停下当时所做的事情来看老师，故使用“stop to look”。]

6．on/onto[考查介词。把规则张贴到墙上，故使用“post ... on/onto the wall”。]

7．Surprisingly[考查词性转换。副词修饰整个句子，翻译为“令人惊讶的是……”。]

8．instead[考查副词。承接前文可知此处表述令人惊讶的是，Sally并没有像其他老师那样被赶出去，反而赢得了学生的尊重。副词instead “反而，相反”，符合语境。] 9．as[考查定语从句。正如她所期待的那样。as引导非限制性定语从句。]

10．confidence[考查词性转换。此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。]

Ⅱ.短文改错

Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and an inventor. He was once thought to be a boy whom was not worth educating. In fact, he was a man full of imaginations.

I admire Edison a lot because his great contributions to the world. He is said to having more than 1，000 inventions. In his lifetime, he were always eager to know how things worked. He was also very diligent and work day and night. And this explained why he had so much great inventions.

Success can never be easy achieved. Probably I can't be another Edison himself, but I will work hard to be a worthy person.

【答案】

Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and an inventor. He was once thought

to be a boy whom

who was not worth educating. In fact, he was a man full of

imaginations

imagination.

I admire Edison a lot because ∧

of his great contributions to the world. He is said to

having

have

more than 1，000 inventions. In his lifetime, he were

was always eager to know how things worked. He

was also very diligent and

work

worked day and night. And this explained why he had so

much

many great

inventions.

Success can never be

easy

easily achieved. Probably I can't be another Edison

himself

myself，but I will

work hard to be a worthy person.