高考英语语法专题名词.doc
语法部分
第二部分语法专题讲析
专题一名词
考点一名词的固定搭配
①[2016 ·天津 ]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.
这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。
②[2015 ·江苏 ]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.
这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。
1．动词 have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put 等加名词构成的短语
have a good reputation有个好的名声
have an idea of了解
have a sense of有??意识
have a feeling of有??感觉
have access to可以获得
have an advantage over胜过，优于
keep a balance保持平衡
take...into account考虑??
take advantage of利用；趁??之机
make fun of 取笑，嘲弄
make the best of充分利用；妥善处理
get/lose contact with与??取得 /失去联系
get relief 得到缓解
give a solution 给出解决方案
put...into practice将??付诸行动
2．介词后加名词构成的短语
in great demand需求量很大
in quantity 大量，大批
in progress在进行中
in production 在产量方面
out of one's reach某人够不到
out of touch 失去联系
out of sight 看不见
beyond recognition辨认不出来
without permission 未经允许
考点二名词的单复数
①[2015 ·江苏 ] —Go and say sorry to your Mom， Dave.
—I'd like to ， but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my apology/apologies.
——戴夫，去向你妈妈道歉。
——我想去，但是我怕她对我的道歉并不会感到满意。
②L eaves turn green in spring.
春天树叶变绿了。
1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则
一般情况加－ s，以 s，x，sh，ch 等结尾，加－ es，例如：buses，boxes，dishes，watches等(stomachs例外 )。
(1)以辅音字母加－ y 结尾的名词，将－ y 变为－ i 再加－ es，例如： families ，butterflies，dictionaries，stories等。
(2)以－ o 结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加－s，但中学英语中下列名词
要加－ es，它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即 Negroes，heroes，echoes，．．．．．．．．．．．
potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以－ o 结尾的名词既可以加－ es，也可以加－ s，它们是：zeros(zeroes) 零， mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子， volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
(3)以－ f 或－ fe 结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加－s，例如： roofs 和believes 等。但下列以－ f 或－ fe 结尾的名词需要把 f 或 fe 去掉，加－ ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
两半，即 selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
．
但下列以－ f 结尾的名词既可以去掉 f 加－ ves，也可以直接加－s，它们是：handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕， scarfs (scarves)围巾。
(4)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没
有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sons－in－ law 女婿； passers－ by 过路人； story－tellers 讲故事的人； breakfasts早餐； housewives家庭主妇。
2．常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese中国人； Japanese日本人； sheep绵羊； deer 鹿； series系列；means 方式； works 工厂； fish 鱼； fruit 水果； crossroads十字路口； horsepower 马力；
jin 斤等。其中fish，fruit 表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes， fruits。
2018 高考一轮总复习教师用书·英语第二部分语法专题讲析考点三抽象名词具体化
①[2014·辽宁 ]Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②— The hero bus driver in Hangzhou died yesterday.
—Yes，news came as a shock to me.
——杭州英雄司机昨天去世了。
——是的，这对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情。
考点总结
单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义
success 成功成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣令人高兴的事
attraction 吸引有吸引力的人或事物
beauty 美；美丽美丽的人或美好的事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险危险的人或因素delight 高兴令人高兴的事
failure失败失败的人或事物
surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情
shock震惊令人震惊的事情
pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情
◆名词与语法填空
在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以
及词类变换。
[典题试做 1]
用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1．[2016 ·全国Ⅰ ]But for tourists like me ，pandas are its top ________(attract)．2．[2016 ·全国Ⅰ ]The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed...
3．[2016 ·全国Ⅱ ]Then， handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve)．
4．[2016 ·全国Ⅱ ]Recent ________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
5．[2016 ·四川 ]Any smell might attract natural ________ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
答案：
4．studies
[应对策略 1]
首先要弄清数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有
关名词的构词法，即有关名词的词类转换。这就要求考生要搞清楚名词在句中作
什么成分，近几年常考名词作主语、宾语、表语的情况。
◆名词与短文改错
短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与格。汉语中的名词在形式
上没有复数变化，而是通过在其前加数词或量词等方式来表示。而英语则不同，
除了在名词前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须用其名词复数形式，而不可数名
词没有复数形式。其次名词的考查还会涉及词性转换方面的错误。
[典题试做 2]
单句改错 (每小题 1 处错误 )
1．[2016 ·全国Ⅰ ]My uncle tells me that the key to his success is
2．[2016 ·全国Ⅱ ]If we go on a trip abroad ，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from
3．[2016 ·全国Ⅲ ]The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for
4．[2016 ·四川 ]Mom has a full－ time job，but she has to do most of
the 答案：→honesty →knowledge
3．year → years → housework
[应对策略 2]
遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词
前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意名词的所有格以及名词
的句法功能，判断是否存在词性转换方面的错误。
◆书面表达中名词易错点聚焦
1．写作中对于复数名词易疏漏－s 或－ es，如：
(误 )I'd love to make friend with you.
(误 )All the picture displayed are of geat value.
2．部分名词的复数变化错误，如：familys ，knifes，difficultys ，pianoes，heros，woman doctors， tooths，childrens，medias。
3．部分词性易混作名词，如：
形容词误作名
动词误作名词
词
动词名词形容词名词
succeed success honest honesty
affect effect healthy health
4.可数与不可数名词混淆。如：
不可数可数
take action take measures
some advice some
take exercise
suggestions eye exercises
make progress
information
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2017 ·广东汕头二模 ]Without the proper treatment，minor________(injury) or burns could lead to more suffering and even loss of lives.
2 ． [2017 ·山东青岛一模 ]They were the kind that I did not have in
my________(collect) so I placed them carefully in my bag.
3．[2017 ·山东烟台 3 月诊断 ]Three months later，Zejd was able to communicate happily with all his classmates about regular things like homework and________(game)．
4． [2017 ·江苏泰兴质检 ]For sustainable development， the government has decided to give________(prefer) to those energy－ conserving and environment－friendly businesses in many aspects.
5．[2017 ·江苏运河中学一调 ]— Mr Wang is a man of few words ，but quick
in mind.
—A still tongue makes a wise________，you know.
答案：解析：句意：如果得不到妥善治疗，轻伤或轻度烧伤可能会导致更
大的痛苦甚至死亡。形容词后需加名词作主语，injury 为可数名词， minor 没有
不定冠词，故需用injury 的复数形式 injuries 表示泛指。
2．collection解析：句意：因为它们是我收藏中没有的那种，因此我把它
们小心地放在了我的包里。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式，故答案为collection。
3．games解析：句意：三个月后，Zejd能够和他的同班同学很愉快地对诸
如家庭作业、游戏等常规事情进行交流了。介词like 后需用名词形式， game为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故用其复数形式。
4．preference解析：句意：为了可持续发展，政府已经决定在很多方面给
那些节能环保企业优惠。give preference to...给??以优惠。
5．head解析：句意：——王先生寡言少语但思维敏捷。——你知道：寡
言者智。 A still tongue makes a wise head为.谚语，意为：寡言者智。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．[2017 ·福建南平 3 月质检 ]Often she buys some toy for him to play with，especially on his
2．[2017 ·河北邯郸一模 ]During the next few days，we visited the world－ famous sight，such as the Great Wall，the Summer Palace，and the Forbidden City，which contain a large number of precious
3．[2017 ·河南焦作一模 ]While I was walking on my way to school，I noticed two cleaner sweeping the
4．[2017 ·湖北黄冈 3 月质检 ]And then I went to a department store near the hospitals and contacted her
5．[2017 ·江西八所重点中学 4 月联考 ]We were touched by such an act of kind on a hot
答案：→toys→sights→cleaners→hospital→kindness
Ⅲ.语法填空
A(名词专练 )
It was late at (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly，one of them， Mrs. Green， was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his had three (thousand) dollars in her pocket. “ Whatshould I doMany (thief) usually bring (knife) with them，” she thought in (silent)．And at the same time the thief happened to touch a (sport) seemed as if he found there was someone in the room，so he went out to the next room where two (Frenchman)were he was looking for (money) or some (jewel) in the next room ， woke up her husband quickly and called the (policeman)．And then the thief knew what had was so scared that he took out athen the police showed the thief ran away，the police caught Mrs. Green，it was really an unusual experience.
答案：
4．knives jewelry
B
[2017 ·河北石家庄高三调研 ]
We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to
survive mountains of homework and would it be (surprise) if I tell you that high
school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China In US high school ，everything (record) and graded，including your grades on quizzes，tests and final (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain contrary to used to think of the US high school students，they pay great attention to their (academy) performance to try to get into distinguished，they'll be disappointed after graduation from high school.
Like university students，the US high school students have the (free) to choose the courses that most interest (they)．Even a 9th－ grader can sit same classroom as 12th －this also means he or she has to work very hard，because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years (young)．
答案： [解题导语 ]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的高中生活。
1．surprising解析：考查分词形容词。此处是现在分词作形容词，意为“令
人吃惊的”，符合语境。
2．is recorded解析：考查动词的时态和语态。everything 和谓语 record 之
间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即is recorded，与 graded呼应。
3．to turn解析：考查非谓语动词。fail to do sth. 意为“不能做某事”，为固
定搭配。
4．what解析：考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，
表示物的概念，故填what。
5．academic 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词 academic 修饰名词 performance，作定语。
6．Otherwise解析：考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示否则他们高中毕
业后就会感到失望，故用副词otherwise，意为“否则”，作状语。
7．freedom解析：考查名词。由定冠词the可知，此处应用名词，即freedom。
8．them解析：考查代词。此处应用宾语形式，作动词interest 的宾语，故
用them。
9．in解析：考查介词。in the classroom意为“在教室里”，符合语境，故用
介词 in。
10． younger解析：考查形容词比较级。根据上文可知，9 年级和 12 年级的学生相比，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即younger。
2020年高考英语语法《名词和介词》复习：单句改错
2020年高考英语语法《名词和介词》复习：单句改错1．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” 答案：The instructor kept repeating the word words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” 2．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 答案：It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on of the road. 3．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies. 答案：When I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies. 4．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 答案：My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest honesty. 5．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 答案：If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges knowledge we cannot get from books. 6．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 答案：The teenage year years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 7．(2016·高考四川卷)，but she has to do most of the houseworks. 答案：，but she has to do most of the houseworks housework. 8．(2016·高考浙江卷)When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 答案：When I was a very young children child，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 9．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Now I am leaving home to college. 答案：Now I am leaving home to for college. 10．My soccer coach retired in last week. 答案：My soccer coach retired last week.
初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习
初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习1．可数名词的复数变化 1) 规则变化 (1) 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。 (2) 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。 (3) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys，days；但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies， flies，libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s，如Marys，Henrys等。 (4) 以-o结尾的名词，大多数在词尾加-s，如bamboos，radios，photos，kilos，但也有少数加-es，如potatoes， tomatoes，heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。 (5) -f，-fe结尾的名词，大部分将-f，-fe改成v，再加-es，如knives，halves，thieves, shelves，leaves，wives， wolves；但也有少数直接加-s，如roofs，beliefs，safes；而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。 背记小口诀： 妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)下保己（self）命(life)，半(half)片树 叶(leaf)遮面包（loaf）。 2) 不规则变化 (1) 单复数同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese。 (2) 变内部元音man －men，tooth －teeth，mouse －mice，foot －feet，goose－geese。 (3) 其他形式。 child－children ox －oxen grown-up －grown-ups passer-by －passers-by brother-in-law －brothers-in-law man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数，如：two women doctors，many men leaders。 3) 特殊的复数形式
高考英语语法复习专题
高考英语语法复习专题（2）名词性从句(附参考答案) 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 （1）that的用法。 ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we don’t have enough money. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. ②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. ④that和what的区别。 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+ 关系代词即常说的先行词+ that。如： It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says. ⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如： They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句) The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） 选择填空 1._____________ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 2. They have no idea at all ____________. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has gone 3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 5. _____________ you like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 6. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 7. —Do you remember ____________ he came? —Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 8. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 9. ____________ we can’t get seems better than ____________ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 10. _____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 11. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
名词 高考英语语法重点归纳
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2018高考英语语法专题名词
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高三英语语法专题总结
高三语法专题总结 序号课题课时教学要求 冠词 3 1.熟知冠词的基本用法、习语和固定搭配 2.掌握冠词的一些灵活用法和特殊用法 1.冠词的基本用法 1 冠词的泛指、特指、类指、专指 2.冠词的习惯用法 1 1.定冠词的习惯用法 2.不定冠词的习惯用法 3.零冠词的习惯用法 3.冠词的活用 1 1.被具体化的抽象名词前的冠词用法 2.被普通化的专有名词前的冠词用法 3.形容词比较级、最高级和序数词前的冠词活用 高考重点冠词的基本用法及冠词的习惯用法 高考难点冠词的活用 专题二代词 3 熟练掌握不定代词、反身代词、指示代词、人称代词 以及it的灵活运用 1、不定代词 1 1、both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法 2、one，ones, the one,that,those的用法 3、one，another, the other, some ,others, the others的用法 4、复合不定代词及其他不定代词 2、反身代词 1 1、反身代词的基本用法 2、与反身代词构成的介词短语 3、与反身代词构成的动词短语 3、指示代词、人称代词和it的用法1 1、指示代词、人称代词的基本用法 2、It的用法 高考难点语境的真实性和复杂性、语义较丰语法复杂的不定代词的考查 专题三形容词和副词 2 了解形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法及常用句 型 1、形容词、副词的基 1 1、形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法
本用法2、对形容词、副词顺序的考查 2、形容词、副词的辨 析 1 在语境中学会形容词副词的用法 高考难点对于形容词副词比较等级的考查倾向于“淡化语法，注重深层语义的特点” 专题四语义辨析（名词、介词 及介词短语）3 1、在真实语境中能恰当的使用意义相近的介词，掌 握表示时间及空间的介词的用法 2、在语境中能恰当的使用介词的一些习惯用法和 介词与名词的固定搭配 1、名词辨析 1 1、名词的数和名词所有格的用法 2、名词的句法功能，尤其是名词作定语的用法 2、介词辨析 1 1、表示方位的介词 2、表示时间的介词 3、表示工具、手段、方式的介词 4、表原因、目的的介词 5、易混介词辨析 3.介词短语解析 1 1、与名词构成的介词短语 2、与某些形容词固定搭配的介词 高考难点介词短语的辨析，题干结构复杂 专题五动词和动词词组 2 1、掌握动词的及物和不及物性 2、掌握被动形式中英汉表达的不同 3、掌握感官动词作系动词：feel/look/sound 1、动词辨析 1 考纲中出现的动词及动词辨析 2、动词词组辨析 1 考纲中动词词组及辨析 高考难点同义词及词组辨析 专题六动词的时态及语态 2 1.建立“时”和“体”的概念 2.掌握一般将来时的各种形式及区别 3.掌握易混时态的用法：一般过去时和现在完成时 的区别 4.掌握各种时态的被动语态形式
英语语法名词专题
一、 名词的分类 普通名词 可数名词 当不可数名词转化为可数名词时，词义常发生变化。 集体名词 专有名词 不可数名词 物质名词 抽象名词 二、 名词的性 1. 在英语中，大多数名词没有性的区别，只有一个共同的形式。部分名词具有性别差异，存在阴性和阳性两种不同的形式。 2. 在具有性别差异的名词中，有些名词在词尾直接加“-ess ”即可构成阴性名词（多数）；有些名词在词尾直接加“-ette ”即可构成阴性名词（少数）；有些名词以“-ter ”或“-tor ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-tress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-rer ”或“-ror ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-ress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-der ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-dress ”以构成阴性名词。（①“-ter ”/“-tor ”→“-tress ”；②“-rer ”/“-ror ”→“-ress ”；③“-der ”→“-dress ”。注：少数情况下存在例外） 3. 在现代英语中，对于无性别区分的名词，一般可通过在该词前加 he/she, male/female, man/woman, boy/girl, lord/lady, dog/bitch, bull/cow, jack/jenny, tom/tally, cock/hen, duck/doe, billy/nanny, father/mother, son/daughter 等词来区分性别。（强调尊敬时，可用 lady 表示女性，但只能用单数形式。） 4. 某些外来语中的名词在变为阴性名词时，须接固定的后缀。（Ref.P324<7>） 5. 惯用阳性的名词和惯用阴性的名词： 1) 阳性词：general, lawyer, fellow, lover, soldier, sailor 等 2) 阴性词：nurse, typist, dressmaker, housekeeper 等 3) 拟人化的阳性词：Time, Mountain, Wind, War, the Ocean, Storm, Thunder, Sleep, Winter, Summer, Autumn, Despair, Fear 等（代词用 he ） 4) 拟人化的阴性词：Moon, Spring, Night, Nature, Peace, Hope, Virtue, Truth, the Earth, Liberty, Justice, Fame, Victory, Faith, Humility, Pride, Mercy, Art, Science, Soul 等（代词用 she ） 5) 通常情况下，船、火车、国家、都市均视为阴性名词。 6. man 可以包括 woman ，统指一切人，代词用 he/his 。 三、 名词的数 1. 专有名词的复数形式 1) 有些专有名词变为复数时，仅在词尾加“-s ”即可。 Kansas City → Kansas Citys Mayor Brown → Mayor Browns the two Mr. Smiths, Lord Mayors, Queen Elizabeths （例外：Rockey → Rockies, Sicily → Sicilies ）
初中英语语法之名词讲解加练习答案
名词的用法 机场工作人员问：Who are you flying with?(你坐哪家航空公司?)我答：Myself。对方大囧，一笑之后补充：Which airline? An airport staffer asked me "Who are you flying with?" and I said "Myself." He was surprised and then laughed, adding "Which airline?" 原来Who在英语里也可以泛指航空公司等群体或组织。"Who" in English can also refer to a group or an organization such as airlines. C-名词单复数 普通名词指一类人或事物的名称。英语中普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词一般有单、复数两种形式。不可数名词之前不可直接用泛指限定词和数词。 （一）可数名词及其复数形式 （1）可数名词的复数形式一般由词尾加-s或-es构成，其规则见下表： 类别构成法读音例词 一般情况加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ maps, books
这类集合名词包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机 器), poetry(诗),scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等, 其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。如： Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托运了吗? 第五类补充几个常考的集合名词 除上面提到的四类集合名词外，以下几个集合名词也应重点注意(因为它们也是常考考点)：1. hair(头发，毛发)：指全部头发或毛发时，为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时，为个体名词(可数)。 小练习; 1.They are________ A: man doctor B: men doctors C: men doctor D: man doctors 2.There are five____ in the hill. A: sheep B: sheeps C: goose D: deers 3. Those white socks ____ small. A: are B: is C: am D: do 4.We have many_____in our school. A: woman teacher B: women teachers C: woman teachers D: women teacher 5.Do you like _____? A: vegetable B: vegetables C: an vegetable BAABB C-专有名词 专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是：第一个字母大写，通常不与冠词连用，无复数形式。 （一）人名 英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反，姓在后面，名在前面，姓名前通常不用冠词。