高考英语易考词汇变形归纳与总结

高考易考词汇变形分析与总结

形容词加ness变名词

dark--darkness, happy--happiness, sad-sadness, ill-illness,

good--goodness, careful--carefulness, careless--carelessness, tired-ti redness,

lonely--loneliness, great-greatness, kind-kindness, ease--easin ess

busy--business,fit--fitness,friendly--friendliness

动词加ment变名词

develop--development, move--movement, improve--improvement, achieve--ac hievement, arrange--arrangement,

manage--management, assign--assignment, agree--agreement, enjoy--enjoyme nt, govern--government,

judge--judgement/judgment, pay--payment, appoint--appointment, establish--establishment, equip--equipment

名词变成形容词:

1.名词后加-y, 如:

luck→lucky;cloud→cloudy; w ind→windy; rain→rainy;

sun→sunny;snow→snowy;noise-noisy;h ealth→healthy

2.在名词后加-ly, 如:

friend→friendly;love→lovely;day→daily; brother→brotherly; mother→motherly

3.方位名词加-ern，如:

east→eastern; west→western; south→southern; north→northern

形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible: movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible

2)-al: natural, additional, educational

3)-an: urban, suburban, republican

4)-ant, -ent: distant, important, excellent

5)-ar: similar, popular, regular

6)-ary: military, voluntary

7)-ic, ical: politic, systematic, historic, physical,

8)-ing: moving, touching, daring

9)-ish: foolish, bookish, selfish

10)-ive: active, impressive, decisive

11)-ory: satisfactory, compulsory

(2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义

1)-ish: boyish, childish

2)-like: manlike, childlike

3)-ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

4)-some: troublesome, handsome

5)-y: milky, pasty

(3) 表示“充分的”含义

1)-ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

2)-ous: dangerous, generous, courageous, various

3)-ent: violent,

(4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义

1)-en: wooden, golden, woolen

2)-fic: scientific

(5) 表示方向的含义

1)-ern: eastern, western

2)-ward: downward, forward

(6) 表示“数量关系”的含义

1)-teen: thirteen, fourteen

2)-ty: fifty, forty

3)-th: fourth, fifth, ninth, fiftieth

(7) 表示国籍，语种，的含义

1)-an: Roman, European

2)-ese: Chinese,

3)-ish: English, Spanish

(8) 表示“比较程度”的含义

1)-er: greater

2)-ish: reddish, yellowish

3)-est: highest

4)-most: foremost, topmost

(9)其他的含义

-less表示否定: careless, countless, stainless, wireless

形容词变副词的一般规则

形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：

一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。

分别举例如下：quick-quickly; true-truly; happy-happily; possible-possibly

具体规则如下：

1.一般情况下直接加“ly”

如：quick—quickly; polite—politely; sad—sadly;

immediate—immediately; recent-recently; nice—nicely;

complete—completely;

polite —politely; wide —widely; active —actively; rude — rudely

2. 辅音字母加e结尾的形容词一般直接加-ly。

如：polite—politely; wide—widely; wise—wisely; nice—nicely

以元音字母加e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。

如：true—truly;due—duly

3.以“y”结尾的，且读音为/ i /，先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，

如：happy—happily; heavy—heavily; angry—angrily; busy—busily

但是如果读音为/ ai /，直接加ly，如：dry--dryly; sly--slyly(会意地;会心地); shy---shyly

4. 以ic 结尾的词，加ally，

如: economic—economically; basic—basically;

scientific—scientifically; automatic—automatically; energetic—energetically; 但是public--publicly 例外。

5. 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，

如：simple—simply;considerable—considerably;

terrible—terribly; gentle—gently;

possible—possibly; probable—probably;

incredible—incredibly;gentle—gently;

comfortable—comfortably; sensible—sensibly (明智地; 理智地)

元音字母加le时加ly，如：sole—solely(仅仅)。但是whole—wholly例外。

6. 以-ll结尾时，只须加–y，如：dull—dully; shrill—shrilly(尖锐地)

需注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。

如：friendly people; motherly care; a lovely dog; monthly exam;

heavenly peace; a manly sport;

a lively class

语法填空1

1.All the students arrived __________(due) except Tom.

2.The government is not __________(whole) to blame for the current crisis.(当前的危机不能完全归罪于政府.)

3.It is ____________(incredible) difficult to fit everyone in.(为每一个人都找到合适的位置是极其困难的.)

4.Jim and Mary smiled ________(shy) at each other.

5.“I suppose so,” he said _________(dull). “我想是吧,”他木然地说道.

6.The book is ____________(basic) a love story.

7.I hate it when he talks like that ____________(public).(我讨厌他在公开场合那样说话.)

8.He looks so _________(man) in his uniform.(他穿着制服真显得英姿焕发.)

答案: 1.duly 2.wholly 3.incredibly 4.shyly

5.dully

6.basically

7.publicly

8.manly

语法填空2:

Li Ming had dipped into many jobs. At first, he was hired as a _______(decorate). But soon he disliked the job because it was tiring. He resigned and went to a telephone office to be an ________(operate). However, he quit after only six months in the job, for it was too boring. For one reason or another, he got crazy about the oceangoing voyage, so he become a _______(sail). But soon he fel t too lonely on the sea and gave it up. He worked respectively as _________(conduct) in a bus, ________(edit) in a newspaper and __________(translate) in a magazine, but he did not stay there more than one year. Later he went to a ________(council) of life, who had received thousands of _________(visit). She told him that he first should do what he really liked and that he must have great patience and perseverance. Soon after, seeing a film directed by Zhang Yimou, he set his goal to be a film __________(direct). But he wanted to become a famous ________(act) first. Ten years later, Li Ming eventually realized his dream. From the story above, we can safely draw a conclusion: All of us must have our own dream in case it should come true.