形容词的语法功能

形容词的语法功能
形容词的语法功能

形容词的语法功能

一、形容词的一般用法

1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。

例如:It’s a cold and windy day.

2.作表语,放在系动词(be,feel,look,smell,get,become等)的后面。

例如:He looks happy today.

3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。

例如:I have something important to tell you..

4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。

(构成:数词+单位词+形容词)

例如:How long is the river?It’s about two hundred metres long.

5.else 只能做后置定语,修饰疑问代词what,who,whom,whose等。以及不定代词

something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody等。

例如:What else would you like ?

6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder 年长的;复合形容词kind-hearted善良的,man-made人造的,take-away可带走的等。

(常见的复合形容词:snow-white雪白的English-speaking说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的)

例如:My elder brother is in Beijing.

My father is a kind-hearted man.

7.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的

例如:He is awake.

8..貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的。

9.作宾语补足语

形容词作宾语补足语时,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。

例如:You should make your mother happy.

10.-ed分词作形容词在句中通常修饰人,-ing分词作形容词在句中通常修饰事、物。

例如:He is excited abut the pictures that are exciting.

二、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)——描绘词——表长短、大小、高低的形容词——表形状的形容词——表年龄、新旧的形容词——表颜色的形容词——表国籍、地区、出处的形容词——表物质、材料的形容词——表类别的形容词——名词中心词。

记忆口诀:

美小圆旧黄,中国木书房

房是被修饰的中心名词,书是说明房的作用要靠,也就是放在最近的地方,然后就是材料,然后就是国籍,依次类推下去!

A small round table一张小圆桌

A tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物

A dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣

A famous American medical school一个非常著名的美国医学院

三、形容词常用句型

1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。

注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。

例如:It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)

你能帮助我,真好。

It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)

他单独出去太傻了。

2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。

注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。

例如:It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.

=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.

对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。

It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.

=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.

对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。

It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.

=To get to school on time is necessary for us.

对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。

3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。

例如:Glad to see you.

见到你非常高兴。

I’m very sad to hear the bad news.

听到这个坏新闻,我非常难过。

4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),cer tain(一定)等常接不定式。

例如:Lei Feng is always ready to help others.

雷锋总是乐于助人。

He is sure to get to school on time.

他一定会按时到校。

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