高中英语【语法归纳】宾语从句

宾语从句

1、定义

如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个宾语，那么这个句子就是宾语从句。

2、与简单句的区分

例：*I love teaching.---简单句

*I love what he is doing.---宾语从句

★宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。

例：*We can learn what we did not know.

*I don't agree with what you said at the meeting.

3、语序

宾语从句的语序一般都为陈述句语序。

A.一般情况下，即使是有疑问词，从句仍然是陈述句式。

例：This book will show you what the best CEOs know.

这本书会告诉你最棒的总经理知道什么。

Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem.

你能理解诗人在这首诗里真正想表达的是什么吗？

B.但个别宾语从句本应用陈述语序，可由于习惯而保持原疑问语序不变。例：I don't know what is the matter with him.

I have no idea what was the matter with him.

我不知到他到底怎么了。

关于matter的从句都是疑问语序基本上说I don't know what is wrong也是

对的，可一般来说都是分成两句讲。

I don't know.Is anything wrong？/what's wrong with you.

C.特殊类型的宾语从句：当主句中的谓语动词表示认为、建议、猜测时，如think,say,guess,suppose,suggest,say,believe,feel,consider等，这时宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why,就不能按照正常语序安排,经常会将这类词放在句首。

例：What course do you say I should take up this semester?

Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 4、连接词（引导词）

1）陈述句做宾语（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导。在口语或非正式体中常省略。

例：I don’t know（that）Tom was late again.

2）一般疑问句做宾语，用if／whether引导，if或whether在宾语从句中不作成分。但if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

例：I want to know if(whether)he lives there.

He asked me whether(if)I could help him.

★if/whether的区别

A.从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether；

B.及物动词discuss后的宾从，只用whether；

C.if与whether都可以与or not连用，但后面紧跟着or not时只能用whether；

D.介词后的宾从只用whether;

E.后接动词不定式时用whether.

3）特殊疑问句做宾语，用特殊疑问词连接（宾语从句缺什么成分就选择相应的特殊疑问词）。

A.疑问代词（连接代词）：what/whatever,who/whoever,whom/whomever, whose,which/whichever（做主、宾、表、定）

B.疑问副词（连接副词）：when,where,how,why（作状语）

例：I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

★It作形式宾语的问题

若主句的谓语动词是及物动词make,find,see,hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作为形式宾语。---常考点

常用it作形式宾语的句型有：

①make/think/consider/find/feel+it+n./adj.+that从句

②see to/rely on/depend on/count on+it+that从句

③在like,dislike,enjoy,love,hate,appreciate等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语it。

④某些作表语的形容词，如sure,happy,glad,certain等之后也可带宾语从句。

例：We find it necessary that we should practise spoken English every day.

I am sure that he will succeed.

I am glad that you can come and help me.

5、宾语从句中的虚拟语气

在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾从中，其谓语部分用(should)do.一坚持insist；二命令order,command；三建议advise,suggest,propose;

四要求demand,desire,request,require

例：The doctor advised the patient(should)be sent to a better hospital immediately.

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3，语气，在建议，要求，建议，命令等词汇后面要用虚拟语气 He suggested that I should do my homework 他建议我应该做我的作业。 4，宾语从句中的否定转移 I don’t think he is right 我认为他是错的 5，宾语从句that 不能省略的情况 1，有插入语的时候 It appears here ，on the blackboard，that it can change your life 黑板上显现着，它能改变你的生活 2，多重复合句出现时，that 在连接词之前 He said if you could be on time ，you could learn more 他说如果你能准时，你就能学到更多3，当it做形式宾语的时候， You may find it interesting that you can speak a lot of English 你也许会发现你能说很多英语是很有趣的 4，that 或者this在从句中做主语时 He said that this was important 他说这个很重要 He said that was important 他说那个很重要 5，由多个that引导的从句，第一个省略，后面的不省略 He said he was in America and that he could speak English 他说他在美国，并且他能说英语 6，当疑问连接词和that连用的时候 I know where he lives and that he has a good life 我知道他住在哪里并且他有一个很好的生活。7，that在句首引导从句时 That you can give me a lot of money I never imagine 我从没有想象过你能给我这么多的钱

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（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

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状语从句一．分类：

adv.+that（如此……以致） so that（结果……） such+n.+that（如果……以致） that（所以，因此）让步状语从句：though/although不可同but连用。 though/although （虽然） however （可是） even though/if（即使） no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever （不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时）比较状语从句：as （正如）as…as（和……一样）not as/so … as （不如……） than（比……更） the+比较级…+the+比较级（越……越……）条件状语从句：if（假设） unless（如果不） so long as（只要） on condition that （如果）方式状语从句：as（像……那样地） just as（正像） as if（好像） as though（好像）

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