音标中文谐音表

/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/

/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/

/?/ fat/f?t/ have/h?v/ cat/k?t/ back/b?k/ hat/h?t/

/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/

/ ?:/ horse/h?: s/ saw/s?:/ corn/k?:n/ course/k?:s/ salt/s?:t/

/ ? / dog/d?g/ pot/p?t/ cost/k?st/ what/w?t/ honest/′?nist/

/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/

/u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/

/ ? / must/m?st/ does/d?z/ money/′m?ni/ ugly/′?gli/ come/k?m/

/?:/ nurse/n?:s/ bird/b?:d/ burn/b?:n/ turn/t?:n/ girl/g?:l/

/? / better/bet?/ never/nev?/ worker/w?:k?/ welcome/welk?m/

/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid?/

/?u/ no/n?u/ home/h?um/ hope/h?up/ wrote/r?ut/ note/n?ut/ pose/p?uz/

/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/

/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ?′baut/ south/sauθ/ house/haus/ /?i/ boy/b?i/ toy/t?i/ noise/n?iz/ voice/v?is/ point/p?int/

/i?/ ear/i?/ near/ni?/ idea/ai′di?/ hear/hi?/ mere/mi?/ spear/spi?/

/ε?/ air/ε?/ tear/tε?/ care/kε?/ dare/dε?/ fair/fε?/ there/eε?/

/u?/ tour/tu?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u?/ moor/mu?/(停泊) your/ju?/

/p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/t?p/ cap/k?p/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/

/b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/bl?k/ bear/bε?/

/t/ let/let/ sat/s?t/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/

/d/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di?/

/k/ lack/l?k/ take/teik/ clock/kl?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/

/g/ big/big/ lag/l?g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g?m/ good/gud/ guest/gest/

/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s?:f/ favorite/′feiv?rit/

/v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:v?/ serve/s?:v/ never/′nev?/

/θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸)

/e/ the/ e?/ they/eei/ that/e?t/ mother/′m?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/een/

/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/

/z/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?iz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/

/t?/ catch/k?t?/ cheep/t?i:p/ rich/rit?/ watch/wt?/ child/t?aild/

/d?/ orange/′?rid?/ large/la:d?/ juice/d?u:s/ job/d??b/

/tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/tr?k/

/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri?k/ hundred/′h?ndrid/

/?/ she/?i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi?/ shock/??k/ shoe/?u:/

/?/ pleasure/′ple??/ measure/′me??/ television/′telivi??n/

/ts/ let′s/lets/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/h?ndz/ birds/b?:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/

/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h?:d/ half/ha:f/

/l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/

/m/ my/mai/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/

/n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/

/?/ sing/si?/ wing/wi?/ ring/ri?/ long/l??/ beautiful/bju:t?fl/

/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/

/w/ work/w?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/

/r/ red/red/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r??/ problem/′pr?bl?m/ 附：常见的字母与字母组合发音规则

元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则

元音字母的发音

元音字母a

重读开音节 [ei] paper ; late ; make ; lake ; face

重读闭音节[?] bag ; fat ; cat ; ladder ; mass

（*例外：any一些[e] ;many许多[e]）

非重读音节 [?]或[i]

即：[?]—— ago ; along ; among ; above ; aloud

[i]—— comrade ; village ; manager ； palace ; private ；necklace

*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属

后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village .

4.在字母w或wh后面，发[?] was ; wash ; what ; want ;

(*例外：water水[?:])

在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发[a:]

即：dance ;France ; chance

ask ;mask ;task ;basket

class ;grass ;glass ;pass ;——（*例外：mass[?]）

fast ;cast ;past ;last ;master ;

father ;path ;bath ;——(*例外：maths[?])

(二)元音字母e

1.重读开音节 [i:] me ;he ;she ;these ;evening

2.重读闭音节 [e] hen ;get ; set ;tell ; echo

3.非重读音节 [i] useless ;ticket ;basket ;pocket ;before ;below ;

（三）元音字母i或y

1.重读开音节 [ai] China ; try ; my ; hi ; time ; guide ;

2.重读闭音节 [i] sit ; hit ; ill ; little ; system ;

3.非重读音节 [i] unit ;study

(四)元音字母o

1.重读开音节 [?u] no ; so ; go ; home ; photo ;

2.重读闭音节 [?] not ; hot ; box ; fox ; cock ; cost ;

3.非重读音节 [?] purpose ; concern

在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发[?]

son ; month ; come ; ton ; (*例外：Tom[?])

love ; dove ; glove ; above ; another

mother ; brother ; become ; some

5.两个单词：woman[‘wu-m?n]女人（单数） ; women[‘wi-min]女人（复数）（五）元音字母u

1.重读开音节 [ju:] pupil ; student ; use ; cube

2.重读闭音节 [?]或[u]

即：[?]——cut ; luck ; umbrella ; us

[u]——put ; full ; pull

非重读音节 [?] autumn ;August ; support

●元音字母组合的拼读规则

（一）元音字母a的字母组合

或ay在重读音节中 [ei] rain ; train ; brain ; pain

day ; may ; play ; stay ; lay

*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei] Sunday ; Monday ; Tuesday ; Thursday ; Friday

+绝大多数辅音字母 [?:] small ; wall ; call ; talk ; walk ；chalk

或[?: l] also ; always

*al后面是k时，只发[?:]

al+f或m时，al发[a:] half ; calm

-al在词尾非重读[（?）l] medal ; metal ; (例外canal运河，重音在后[?l])在重读时[a: ns] chance ; dance ; France

在非重读时[?ns] importance ；performance ；ambulance 非重读[?nt] assistant ; important ；peasant

一般[eind?] change ; danger ; strange ;(*但orange [ind?])

一般[id?] village ; carriage ; marriage

一般重读时[a: sk] ask ; mask ; task ;basket

一般重读时[a: s] class ; glass ; grass ; pass ; (*但mass[?])

一般重读时[a: st] last ; past ; fast ; cast

-aste一般[eist] waste ; paste ; taste

一般[a: θ] bath ; path ; (*但maths[?θ])

或[a: e] father ; rather ; (*但gather[?e])

一般[?:] cause ; autumn ;August ; (*但because[?])

-augh(t) [?: (t)] caught ; taught ; daughter

(*例外：laugh[l a: f])

[?:] draw ; saw ; law ; awful

在字母w或wh后面，a发[?]

was ; wash ; want ; what ; (*但water[?:])

重读音时[a:] party ; car ; farm ; army ; yard ; hard ; star

在字母w或音[w]后面时 [?:] war ; warm ; warn ;towards ; *quarter

在非重读音时[-?] beggar ; dollar ; solar

一般[-ε?] hare ; bare ; dare ; stare ; rare ; care ; parent

一般[-ε?] chair ; fair ; hair ; pair ; stair ; repair

一般[eibl] able ; cable ; table ; stable

(二)元音字母e的组合

重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：

-ea[i:] team ; meat ; lead ; teach ; read ; mean ; please ; steal -ea[e] threat ; bread ; meant ; read(过去式和过去分词) ; peasant -ea[i?] real ; really

-ea[ei] great ; break

[i:] feel ; week ; keep ; three ; steel ; street ; sweep ; see

*但是一个例外：coffee[i]

[i?] deer ; pioneer ; engineer ; volunteer

重读音节[?:] her ; term ; service ; Germany

非重读[?] worker ; paper ; western ; teacher

特殊读法[a:] clerk

[i?] here ; mere

-ere 或者发[ε?] there ; where

有三种音，分别是：

-ear [i?] ear ; dear ; near ; clear ; tear (n.) ; beard

-ear [?:] early ; earth ; learn ; heard

-ear [a:] heart

* tear作为动词时，发[ε?]

[ei] eight ; weigh ; weight

-ei [ai] height

-ei [i:] receive

重读[ei] they ; hey ; survey

-ey重读[i:] key

-ey非重读[i] monkey ; donkey ; valley ; volleyball

*-et非重读[it] pocket ; ticket ; rocket

一般[ju:] new ; few ; knew

-ew 或者发[u:] grew ; threw

-ew还可以发[?u] sew

[id?] college

[i s t] biggest ; modest ; happiest;

12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d] lived ; studied

-ed在清音后[t] worked ; finished

-ed在字母t或d后[id] wanted ; needed

（三）元音字母i或y的组合

在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发[i:] field ; piece ; achieve

-ie在词尾[ai] lie ; die ; tie

(t)在重读音节[ai(t)] high ; night ; light ; bright

在重读音节[?:] girl ; firm ; circle ; first ; third

在重读音节[‘ai?] fire ; tired ; hire ; retired ; wire

[aild] child ; wild

[aind] find ; kind ; mind ; wind ; (*但window[ind])

[i?] king ; wing ; sing ; doing ; making

(a)tion [(ei) ?n] nation ; pronunciation ; information ；composition -stion [t?n] question

-sion [?n]或[?n] mission使命 ; precision精密

在词尾[ai] good-bye ; bye-bye

[i s t] list ; fist ;

(四)元音字母o的组合

在重音时[?u] boat ; coat ; road ; goat ; toad

-oar在重音时[?:] blackboard ; aboard

，-oy在重音时[?i] boiler ; point ; join ; oil

boy ; toy ; joy ; loyal

一般[u:] soon ; too ; zoo ; room ; noon ; food ; mood ; boot ; moon

*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如classroom[u]…等等。

在字母k或有时在t，d之前时[u] cook ; look ; book ; took ; foot ; good ；在重音时[?:] for ; horse ; important ; morning ; born

-or在字母w后面[?:] work ; word ; world ; worse ; worth

(*但是wore ,worn例外，均发[?:])

-or在非重音时[?] monitor ; doctor ; professor ; forget ;

forwards ; forgive ; conductor

一般[?:] board ; aboard; blackboard

一般[?:]或在美式英语里发[??] door ; floor

-oor 还发[u?] poor

在重音时[?:] snore ; more ; before ; foreign; forest

一般[au] shout ; loud ; round ; found

-ou还发[?] country ; countryside ；trouble

-ou 还发[u:] wound ; wounded

(t)发[?:( t)] ought ; brought ; bought ; fought ; thought

(*例外：cough[k ? f])

[?u] toe ; hoe ; Joe

[?u l d] old ; hold ; cold ; told

[?u s t] post ; most ; host ; ghost (*例外cost[? s t])

在重音时[au] sour ; our ; hour ;

还发[?:] four ; course ; pour

还发[u?] tour ; gourd

-our 在词尾(非重音)[ ?] colour ; neighbour ; favourite

在重音时[au] now ; cow ; down ; how ; town

-ow在重音或非重音中[?u] low ; yellow ; below ; follow ; grow

tomorrow ; window ; widow ; know ; show （五）元音字母u的组合

在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发[u]

如：full ; bull ; pull ; push ; bush 字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节，u发[u:] rule ; true ; blue ; June

在词尾[ju:] argue ; continue

在字母j或r后面时，发[u:] fruit ; juice

-ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发[i]

如： build ; guilty ; biscuit

(*即就是说字母u不发音)

在重音时[?:] turn ; return ; Thursday ; nurse ; purse

在非重音时[?] surprise ; Saturday

-ure在重音时[(j) u?] pure[ju?] ; manure[ju?] ; sure[u?]

- ture发[t??] picture ; future ; mixture

(II) ●辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则

辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些是特殊的,下面试列举如下:

在一般情况下[b] back ； big ; lab ; brother

b和u在一起，u常发[i] building； build ； busy

-bt一般[t] debt ; doubt

在字母e,i或y前面时[s] city ; Bruce ; juice ; bicycle ；face ; central

c在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[k] cup ; cold ; cattle ; duck ;

bicycle ; cap ; cut ; class ;

c在词尾时也发[k]，但后面有e，那还发[s] gymnastic[k] ; music[k]

grace[s] ; Bruce[s]

-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前[k] occasion ; according ; occupy ; acclaim 在元音字母e和i之前[ks] accent ; success

-ci有时发[?] social

-ch 有三种音[t?][ k]或[?] 如下：

[t?] China ; rich ; chick ; chalk

[k] school ; chemist ; chemistry ; chemical ; ache ; technology

[?] machine ; parachute ; moustache

-tch[t?] catch ; match ; fetch ; hatch ; butcher

-ck[k] duck ; luck ; ticket ; pocket ; black ; cock

在一般情况下[d] did ; made ; desk ; duck ; doubt ; damage

-ds发[dz] birds ; hands

dr在元音字母前[dr] dry ; dress ; driver ; drill

-dge一般[d?] bridge ; fridge ; judge ; edge

在一般情况下[f] five ; flag ; life ; leaf

在字母e,i或y前面[d?] large ; general ; gymnastics ; age ; energy

*例外：give ; forgive ; get ; forget等,g都发[g]

在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[g] goat ; game ; guard ; ghost ; glass 在词尾也发[g] big ; egg ; fig ; flag

-gn[n]，即g不发音 foreign ; sign ; gnaw

-gh发[f]或[-](*既不发音) [-] high ; thought ; light ; brought

[f] laugh ; cough

-dge发[d?] bridge ; knowledge ; judge

*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音 guess ; guest ; guard ; guide 而-gue在词尾发[g] league ; colleague

在一般情况下[h] help ; behave ; hello ; hit ; hurry

h在字母r或x后面不发音 rhino ; exhibition

在一般情况下[d?] joy ; judge ; injure ; journey ; January ; jar ; just

在一般情况下[k] king ; milk ; kick ; kiss ; lock ; knock

k后面是n时，k不发音,即kn发[n] knock ; knee ; know ; knowledge ; knife 在元音字母前发[l](*即“勒”音，供参考) light ；look ; let ; lab ; live

l在辅音字母或词尾时发[l](*即“尔”音，供参考) cold ；sell ; chalk

在一般情况下[m] meet ; meat ; mother ; come ; make ; Tom

m后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发[m] comb ; tomb ; climb ; bomber

在一般情况下[n] in ; now ; next ; ton ; nest

n在m后面时，n常不发音,即-mn发[m] autumn ; column

但后面有后缀或构成合成词，则n还要发音的 autumnal ; columnist

-ng常发[?]或[?g] 发[?] sing ; king ; English ;young

发 [?g] finger ；younger ; language

-nk常发[?k] bank ; sink ; sank ; sunk ; ink ; thank

在一般情况下[p] map ; cap ; people ; pest

-ph[f] photo ; phantom ; philosophy ; physics ; phrase

在一般情况下[k] unique ; cheque

qu一般发[k w] quarter ; quick ; quilt ; quiet ; quite ; queen

在元音字母前才发音[r](*即音同“略”供参考) room ；read ; rest ; around

r在辅音字母或词尾前，一般不发音 car ; star ; jar

rh在元音字母前只发[r] rhyme ; rhino ; rhetoric

在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发[s]如：see ; some ; set ; sister ; works ; lips ; newspaper ; yes ; this 注：一条发音习惯，欧美人在发[s]音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音（而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音），试举例如下：

如：school---音标[s k u: l]，而习惯念成[s g u: l]

street---音标[s tr i: t],而习惯念成[s dr i: t]

stubborn---音标[‘s t ? b n],而习惯念成[‘s d ? b n]

student---音标[‘s t j u: d ? n t],而习惯念成[‘s d j u: d ? n t]

space---音标[s p ei s],而习惯念成[s b ei s]

steal---音标[s t i: l],而习惯念成[s d i: l]

就是这样，像这样的单词还有很多。这里只列举这么多了。

s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时，发[z]

如：these ; nose ; lose ; rise ; wisdom ; observe

词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后（即在浊音之后），发[z]

如：pigs ; plays ; flags ; eggs ; toys ; boys

词尾的s在长元音之后，发[z] hers ; yours

s还可以发[?] sure ; Russia

-sh一般发[?] sheep ; ship ; wish ; show ; shift ; fish

-sch一般情况下[s k] school ; scheme(计划)

-sion一般情况下[? n] tension ; succession

在元音字母后[? n] decision ; conclusion

-sure在元音字母后[??] measure ; pleasure

16..t在一般情况下[t] tooth ； cat ; teach ; tool ; hit

cut ; let ; ten ; table ; taste ;

-th一般发[θ]或[e],即发[θ] thin ; tooth ; youth ; think ; thigh

发[e] that ; with ; this ; these ; those

-tr[tr] try ; trust ; trip ; trouble ; tree ; street

-tion[? n]information ; organization ; pronunciation ; production

(*一个例外：question[t? n])

-ture[t??] picture ; mixture ; future

在一般情况下[v] very ; live ; vehicle ; vase ; valley ; village

在元音字母之前[w] wear ; window ; widow ; week ; weak ; wisdom

wr[r] write ; wrong ; wrist ; written

wh[h] who ; whom ; whose ; whole

wh[w] what ; which ; when ; where ; why

aw[?:] draw ; saw ; law ; lawyer ; awful

ew[j u:] few ; threw ; grew ; knew ; new

ow[?u] own ; owner ; low ; slow ; know ; below

ow[au] now ; cow ; crown

在一般情况下[ks] box ; fox ; next ; textile

位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上时，发[gz] exam ; exist ; anxiety 在元音字母之前[j] you ; youth ; yes ; young

在一般情况下[z] zoo ; quiz ; zebra ; zero ; zipper