初二英语下册 第6单元
八年级下册英语第六单元课件
张一凡▲现在完成时的基本用法
①表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响。
I have just received a letter from my brother.
我刚刚收到我哥哥的来信。
Have you seen the film?
你看过这部电影吗?
I have been to New York three times so far.
我到现在为止已经去过纽约3次了。
②表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。
I have not seen him since last January.
我自去年一月就没有看见过他。
Li Hong has been abroad for three years.李红已经出国3年了。
Up till now he has won five prizes.
到现在为止他已赢得5块奖牌了。
③现在完成时常与不确定的时间状语连用。如：already，never，ever，just，yet，before，up to now，so far，for the last few weeks等，表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作。
She has just got a little cold.她只是有点感冒。
Have you read this book?你看过这本书吗?
Has he paid the doctor yet?他给医生交过钱了吗?
I have never met such a strange person.
我以前从没遇见过这么奇怪的人。
It hasn’t rained for six months.已经6个月没有下雨了。
Great changes have taken place in this city in the last five years.
在最近的5年当中，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。
④现在完成时还可以和包括现在在内（到说话时仍未结束的）的，表示一段时间的状语连用，如；now，today，this morning／afternoon／evening／week／month／year／these days，since，for a long time等。
I have finished my homework now.
我已经完成了我的家庭作业。
They have visited the Great Wall today.
他们今天游览了长城。
We have had enough rain this autumn.
今年秋天我们这里的雨水很足。
▲现在完成进行时态
现在完成进行时态，表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作，这动作可能仍然在进行。
主语＋have been＋doing 表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去的动作”。
如：
I have been collecting coins since I was ten years old.我从十岁起就一直在搜集钱币。
She has been dancing for two hours.到现在她跳舞已经有两个小时了。
上面句子中collect, dance这两个动作从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，还可能继续下去上句答语中since＋（过去的）时间点，表示“自从……（过去某个具体时间）以来”，而for＋时间段，表示动作持续的时间。
如：
What books have you been reading these days?
这些天你都看些什么书?
I’ve been sitting here all afternoon.
我在这儿坐了一下午了。
They have been collecting stamps for ten years.
他们收集邮票已经10年了。
Has she been watching TV?她一直在看电视吗?
▲since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student
比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born.
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. 我现在已不在这里工作。
I have worked here for many years.现在我仍在这里工作。
小窍门：
当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
第二句不对，它应改为Harry got married six years ago.或Harry has been married for six years.
人教版英语八年级上册第7单元
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新人教版初二英语下册第六单元
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八年级英语上第六单元教案
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The plant loves shade. 这种植物喜阴处。 This map shows the layout of the plant. 这张图展示了工厂的布局。 She moistened the soil round the plant. 她把植物周围的土壤弄湿。 4)Partn.部分；角色；零件；片段vt.分离；分配；分开vi.断裂；分手adv.部分地adj.部分的 Eg： He received part of his education in England. 他有一部分教育是在xx接受的。 He crystallized salt as part of his experiment. 他使盐结晶作为他的实验的一部分。 They planted the first church in that part of the city. 他们在那座城市的那一部分创办了第一座教堂。
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8A Uni t Six Natural di sasters Step One: Revi ew the words Step Two: Revi ew i mportant languages 1. natural di sasters 自然灾难 W e must do something to protect nature.(nature前不用冠词) keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡 2. mop all the water up 把所有的水拖干净 mop them up 把他们拖干净 Look, Mum i s mo pp i ng the fl oor in the room. 3..an acci dent 一件事故 a car acci dent 4. crash i nto a tree 撞上一棵树 5. wash away冲走. Who w ashes clothes in your family?- Mum does. do some washi ng 洗东西 6. go through that village 穿过那个村庄 7. They had to walk sl owly through the snowstorm to the bus stop.他们只能在暴风雪中慢慢地走向汽车站。 8. Finally, the noi se and shaking（摇动）ended. shake-shook-shaken shake hands wi th sb 与某人握手 9. The children l ooked at each other in fear（恐惧地）when thei r teacher got angry. in surpri se 惊讶地；i n danger在危险中；in trouble在困境中 10. i n all di rections四面八方 11. survi ve (=li ve through) an earthquake在一场地震中存活 下来 12. pi eces of glass 玻璃碎片 13．wil d-wildl y run wildl y 疯狂地跑 i n the wild 在野生环境下 12. Mary cal med(镇定) herself down a few mi nutes later. Mary l ooked very calm (平静)at the bad news. Mary looked cal mly（平静地）at her son when she heard the bad news. 13. Five people were trapped(被困) in the car after the traffi c acci dent. 14. at that moment 在那个时刻for a moment 一会儿 a moment ago 刚才i n a moment 片刻之后 A moment of fear went through hi s mind. 15. mi nd doi ng sth 介意做某事 Do you mi nd my opening（打开）the window? No, not at all; Of course not./ Y es, you’d better not. Wearing blue cl othes or sleepi ng i n a bl ue room i s good for mind（精神）and body（身体）. make up one’s mind to do sth= deci de to do sth下决心做-- change one’s mi nd 改变主意 16. Si nce（既然）everybody i s here, let’s begin our meeti ng. I have lived here since(自从) I w as born. It is nearly three years since(自从) we came to thi s school. 17. H ow l ucky! One hundred and fi fteen people are still alive （活着, 作表语或后置定语）after eight days i n the mine. Our maths teacher al ways tries hi s best to make hi s cl ass lively（生动的）and interesti ng. a li vely boy 一个活泼的男孩 livi ng（活着的；现存的，常作定语）: livi ng areas 生活 地区; li ving things 生物 live 现场be covered live 现场报道 18. H e hurri ed to school wi thout breakfast. =H e went to school in a hurry wi thout breakfast. = He was i n a hurry to go to school wi thout breakfast. 19. It’s i mpolite to shout l oudl y（adv.大声地）i n publi c. It’s i mportant for you to read Engli sh al oud（adv.大声地, 放声地）every morning. Please answer the question i n a l oud（adj.大声的）voi ce. in a l ow voi ce 低声地 20. See those bi g cl ouds（云）of di fferent colours wi th questi ons on them. What’s the weather li k e today? It’s cl oudy（多云的） It will be foggy（多雾的）tomorrow. I will go to Beijing by trai n instead of by ai r. It’s sai d i t will be even foggier（多雾的）the day after tomorrow. 21 If the temperature(气温) drops(下降) bel ow 0℃,water freezes. 22. H e often di scusses (讨论)problems wi th hi s cl assmates. Let’s have a di scussion (讨论) now. 23. The food smell s terri ble.（可怕的） The food smell s terri bly（可怕地）bad. 24. break-broke-broken Who broke the gl ass? Mi ke did. My car broke down（出故障，无被动语态）on my way to Shanghai l ast week. My computer i s broken (adj. 坏了). = There i s something wrong wi th my computer. =My computer doesn’t work. Students usually have a ten-minute break (n.中途休息) between classes. 26. hi t-hit-hit hi tting hi t sb in the face/ on the head 打某人的脸/头 An earthquake hit (袭击) Japan on March 11, 2011. A car hi t (撞击)hi m and he was badly hurt yesterday. 27. Our Chinese teacher looks seri ous(严肃). In fact, he i s a very kind teacher. take sth seri ousl y 重视某事seri ousl y ill病得严重 28. The ground was covered（覆盖）with heavy snow. How many topi cs does thi s book cover（包括，涉及）? The game will be covered （报道）live. on the cover（n. 封面）of the book 29. When will the train arrive? Please tell me the time of hi s arrival（n. 抵达）as soon as possi ble. 30. The Spring Festival usually lasts（v. 持续）fi fteen days. l ast night 昨夜；in the l ast/past few years 近年来（用 于现在完成时）；at l ast= i n the end=fi nally; the last to do sth 最后一个做某事 31. Y esterday I nearl y(al most) fell over i n the snowstorm. （nearly+肯） Al most nobody knew what she was.( almost+肯/否) al most not= hardly 几乎不 32．语法：过去进行时：was/ were doi ng 表过去某时刻正 在进行或过去某一时段内一直在进行的动作。常用时间 状语有：thi s ti me yesterday; at that ti me/ moment; from 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. yesterday; 以及由when\ while引导的时间 状语从句中。 1．What were you doing at noon yesterday? I was watchi ng TV at that ti me. 2. The earthquake started when I was doi ng shopping. 3. Dad was reading whil e Mum was cooking. 4. I didn’t hear or see anything. I was thi nki ng about something el se. 中考链接 ( )1. He li kes reading a newspaper _______ he i s having breakfast. A. until B. while C. because D. though ( )2. I was li stening to musi c ____ my teacher came i n. A. until B. while C. si nce D. when ( )3.______ you have known everythi ng, I won’t tell about i t. A. U nless B. Though C. Si nce D. whether ( )4. The students l ooked at each other _____ when the teacher got angry. (2010 山西) A. i n danger B. i n trouble C. i n surpri se D. i n fear ( )5. ---Where i s my umbrella? I put i t here just now. ---Maybe ______ took i t away by mi stake. (2010 南昌) A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody ( )6. ---Where i s my watch? I can’t fi nd i t. (2010襄樊) ---Don’t worry. I must be _______ in your room. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere ( )7. Mr B rown al ways makes hi s class ____ and keeps hi s students ________ i n cl ass. (2010镇江) A．ali ve; interesti ng B.lively; i nteresti ng C lively; i nterested ( )8. I was so hungry that there was __ nothing left i n the bowl. A. nearly B. al most C. mostl y D. hardly ( )9. ---I di dn’t see you at Tom’s party yesterday. (2010 泰州) ---I ______ the home for the el derl y wi th my parents. A. was vi si ting B. am vi si ting C. vi si ted D. have vi si ted ( )10. It i s really ____ to hear the shouts from ______ people.. A. exci ted; exci ti ng B. exci ting; exci ted C. exci ting; exci ti ng D. exci ted; excited
人教版八年级英语上册第六单元说课教案
《新目标英语》八年级上册第六单元教学案例 Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister. (Section A) ［教材分析］ 教学内容为“Go for it ”新目标英语八年级上册第六单元Section A （1a-3c）。学习内容主要体现在以下3点： 1、学习有关人物特点的单词：tall, fat, thin, short, heavy, calm, wild, long hair, short hair, outgoing, quiet, funny, serious, smart, athletic, beautiful, ect. 2、学习人物比较的重要句型： （1）Pedro is funnier than Paul. （2）Tina is taller than Tara. （3）Tom is more athletic than Sam. 3、掌握语法点：the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives (形容词的比较级和最高级) ［学生分析］ 1、利用多媒体课件上英语课，学生视听感受明显，表现出极大兴趣， 在欣赏和享受中学习，学习效果很明显。 2、学生以前已经学过有关人物特点的单词，但不会将其变形，用于人 物或事物的比较中。通过对本课的学习可以巩固所学知识，掌握用 正确的语言结构表达人物特点和人物比较。 ［教学目标］
本课以素质教育为目的，结合教材重点、难点及英语学科特点，利用多媒体辅助教学，从视、听、说等方面使学生得到锻炼，在愉快、轻松的氛围中温故而知新，达到初步运用英语交际的能力。 1、谈论学生感兴趣的话题以及播放学生熟悉的人物图片，指导学生学 习有关人物特点的单词、人物比较的表达及语法知识点“形容词的 比较级和最高级”。 2、通过学习本课，增强师生、生生间的相互了解和沟通。 3、培养学生的口头表达能力、理解能力和提高学生听力水平。 ［教学设计］ 本节课的教学内容一共有五个部分：lead-in; words study; listening and speaking; comparison degree learning; homework. Step 1 Lead-in(10minutes) 1.把全班学生分为四个小组，看哪个小组能说出最多的关于人物外貌或性格的形容词。teacher： Which group can tell me the adjective words(形容词)about appearance (外貌) and personalities (性格) as many as possible 2.展示一些名人或有趣的相片，并和学生谈论他们的人物特点。 ［1、复习已学内容，自然延伸到新课学习，起到承上启下的作用。2、开展竞赛活动，既可调动课堂气氛，又可提高学生求知欲望，一举两得。］Step 2 words study(5minutes) 在学生已掌握部分人物特点形容词的情况下，增加新的单词，扩充学生词汇量。
初二英语第七单元知识点及练习
初二英语第七单元知识点及练习 语法详解：被动语态 英语中的语态－主动语态和被动语态 ⒈英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 如：①They built a new bridge over the river. (主动) →A new bridge was built over the river by them. (被动) ②Many people speak English. (主动) →English is spoken by many people. (被动) ⒉汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成”，即“be＋p.p.”，其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。 被动语态的基本用法 ⒈当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be＋过去分词构成，时态通过动词be表现出来。 ⒉什么时候使用被动语态 ⑴不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 ①Some windows were broken last night. ②This book was published (出版) in 2005.注意： 第②句＝This book came out in 2005. come out 是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。⑵只强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 ①Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries. ②Rice was first grown in China. ③English is learned all over the world.注意：不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，如：appear, happen, take place被动语态的基本结构 ⒈动作的承受者＋be＋过去分词＋其他＋by＋动作的执行者。简写为“承受者＋be＋过去分词＋其他＋by＋动作的执行者”。 ⒉主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：确定主动语态的时态，它决定着被动语态中的助动词be。→找出主动语态的主、谓、宾。 →按照上述句式改写：承受者+be+过去分词+其他＋by＋执行者 ⒊常用的被动语态结构
人教版八年级英语上册第七单元知识点
人教版八年级英语上册第七单元知识详解 一)习惯用语: take off 脱下put on 穿上 cut up 切碎 turn on 打开turn off 关掉 turn down/ up把声音调小/大 mix up混合在一起 put…away 把…收起来 put off 推迟,延期 take away拿走 a slice of bread 一片面包 two teaspoons of honey 两汤匙蜂蜜 two cups of yogurt 两杯酸奶 a kilo of tomatoes 一公斤西红柿 a piece of information/ paper/ news/ music add…to…把…加到…上 pour…into… 倒…到…里 put…in(into)…放…在(到)…里 on the top 在顶部 finally=at last 最后 2 teaspoons of relish两茶匙调味品 put…on...把……放到……上
二)重点句型: 1.Turn on the blender.打开果汁搅拌机。 2.Cut up the bananas.切开香蕉。 3.Pour the milk into the blender.将牛奶倒入果汁机里。 4.Put some relish on a slice of bread.将调味品涂到一片面包上。 5.Put the bananas and yogurt into the blender.将香蕉与酸奶倒人果汁机。 6.How do you make a banana milk shake?您如何做香蕉奶昔? 7.First, put 1 teaspoon of mayonnaise on the sandwich、 首先,在三明治上放一茶匙蛋黄酱。 三)交际用语: How do you make a banana milk shake? First,peel the bananas and cut them up、Then put the milk into the blender… How many bananas do we need? We need three bananas、 语法聚焦: 一、可数名词与不可数名词的用法 (一)名词根据其可数性可分为可数名词与不可数名词。可数名词即指可以分为个体,且可直接用数目进行计数的名词,如 desk(课桌),girl(女孩),room(房间),school(学校)等;不可数名词即指不可数分为个体,且不可直接用数目进行计数的名词,如 milk(牛奶),imformation(消息),money(钱)等。 (二)单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如: He is a factory worker、她就是一名工人。 No one can see air、没有人能瞧见空气。 (三)可数名词表示复数意义时可用many,few,a few等词修饰。如:
人教版八年级上册英语第六单元知识点复习提纲
人教版八年级上册英语第六单元知识点复习提纲 Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science 一．重点单词讲解 1.cook n. 厨师；v. 烹饪，煮 cooker n. 炊具 [常见搭配] cook a meal = do some cooking 做饭 cook sb sth = cook sth for sb 给某人做饭 2.violinist n. 小提琴手其词根为violin [拓展] (1)后缀ist 表示“从事...者”。如scientist 科学家；artist 艺术家；pianist 钢琴家 (2)在英语中表示职业名称的名词构成通常有以下几种情况： A. 动词+er/or ;意为“...家/人”。如：sing---singer 歌唱家，歌手 B. 名词（多为自然学科）+ ist 可构成“...家”。如：science(科学)---scientist(科学家); art---artist C. 名词+ian,构成“...家/员”。如：music---musician 音乐家 3.driver n. 驾驶员，司机 其词根为drive drive v. 开车，驾驶；驱使；驱赶 drive sb to do sth 驱使某人做某事 https://www.360docs.net/doc/0e260481.html,nguage n. 语言
该词为不可数名词，当表示几种语言时为可数名词 5.resolution n. 决心，决定 [常见搭配] make a resolution 下决心 6.grade n. 成绩等级，评分等级 [常见搭配] get good grades= get good scores 取得好成绩7.promise n. 诺言，承诺；v. 许诺，承诺 [常见搭配] make promises 许下诺言，做出承诺 keep a promise 守诺 break a promise 违背诺言 promise to do sth 答应做某事 promise sb to do sth 答应某人做某事 8.foreign adj. 外国的foreigner n. 外国人 9.improve v. 改善，改进。相当于make...better improvement n. 改进，改善 10.question v. 质疑，提问，怀疑n. 问题 questionable adj. 可疑的，有问题的 [常见搭配]out of question 毫无疑问的，不成问题的out of the question 不可能的；根本谈不上如：It’s out of the question. You are too young to do it. 这不可能，你还太小了，不能做到。 Getting help from her is out of question.